Impact differences among the landing phases of a drop vertical jump in soccer players

The aim of this study was to examine the differences of landing phase biomechanics between the players who had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and healthy participants during single leg drop vertical jump. In this study, 11 soccer players who had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (aged 23.0±3.6 years, height 177±5.0 cm, weight 83.8±11.7 kg) and 9 healthy soccer players( aged 22.2±2.4 years, height 178±3.0 cm, weight 74.3±6.1 kg) participated voluntarily. During the data collection phase three high speed cameras synchronized to each other and force plate were used. Visual analysis programme and MATLAB were used to calculate kinetic and kinematic variables. Landing techniques of the subjects' were examined by flexion angle of knee, ground reaction force and moment parameters. The statistical analyses of the measured results were performed by t-test and Pearson Correlation analysis. According to the results, it was determined that peak vertical ground reaction force exhibited significant phase differences (p=0.00, and p=0.00, respectively) between the groups. Obtained results can be explained with "quadriceps avoidance" motion pattern which is characterized by decreased quadriceps activity and lower external knee flexion moment in an effort to control anterior translation of the tibia in subjects with ACL reconstruction. A better understanding of the different phases during single-leg landings can shed a light on mechanism of non-contact anterior crucaite ligament injuries therefore future researches should assess how phase differences affect drop vertical jump performance. © 2018 Montenegrin Sports Academy. All rights reserved

Immobilization and characterization of bovine liver catalase on eggshell

Bovine liver catalase immobilized on eggshell particles was characterized and the reusability of the immobilized catalase was investigated in a batch type reactor. For immobilized catalase onto ground eggshell (ICATG), the optimum initial amount of catalase was 85 mg g-1 of eggshells, the optimum pH was 6.0 (75 mM citrate buffer) and the temperature was 30 °C. The Vmax and Km values of ICATG were determined as 29.1±1.2 U/mg of protein and 41.9±2.7 mM, respectively. The reusability of ICATG was tested and the remaining activity of ICATG was found to be 73 % of the initial activity after 80 cycles of batch operation. The amount of catalase bound onto the carrier was estimated by using the results of induced coupled plasma measurements. The catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of free catalase and ICATG were found to be 1.4´106 and 2.8´103 dm3 s-1 mol-1, respectively. Catalase immobilization onto eggshell is economic and has good reusability. Hence, it can be concluded that eggshell is an efficient carrier for immobilizing catalase

Controls on methane concentration and stable isotope (δ2H-CH4 and δ13C-CH4) distributions in the water columns of the Black Sea and Cariaco Basin

Methane (CH4) concentration and stable isotope (δ2H-CH4 and δ13C-CH4) depth distributions show large differences in the water columns of the Earth's largest CH4-containing anoxic basins, the Black Sea and Cariaco Basin. In the deep basins, the between-basin stable isotope differences are large, 83‰ for δ2H-CH4 and 9‰ for δ13C-CH4, and the distributions are mirror images of one another. The major sink in both basins, anaerobic oxidation of CH4, results in such extensive isotope fractionation that little direct information can be obtained regarding sources. Recent measurements of natural 14C-CH4 show that the CH4 geochemistry in both basins is dominated (∼64 to 98%) by inputs of fossil (radiocarbon-free) CH4 from seafloor seeps. We derive open-system kinetic isotope effect equations and use a one-dimensional (vertical) stable isotope box model that, along with isotope budgets developed using radiocarbon, permits a quantitative treatment of the stable isotope differences. We show that two main factors control the CH4 concentration and stable isotope differences: (1) the depth distributions of the input of CH4 from seafloor seeps and (2) anaerobic oxidation of CH4 under open-system steady state conditions in the Black Sea and open-system non-steady-state conditions in the Cariaco Basin

Slip distribution and stress changes associated with the 1999 November 12, Duzce (Turkey) earthquake (M (w)=7.1)

The 1999 November 12 Duzce earthquake (M (w) = 7.1) was apparently the eastward extension of the August 17, Izmit earthquake (M (w) = 7.4). The Duzce event caused heavy damage and fatalities in the cities of Duzce and Bolu. Here a finite-fault inversion method with five discrete time windows is applied to derive the co-seismic slip distribution of the Duzce earthquake. The fault plane is best modelled as a 40 x 20 km(2) plane, with a strike of 262degrees and a dip of 65degrees to the north, and that the majority of slip occurred in two distinct patches on either side of the hypocentre, implying bilateral rupture. The possible triggering of this event by the Izmit earthquake is investigated using Coulomb stress modelling of all large events since 1943 with the inclusion of secular loading. The results show that although the Duzce rupture plane was in a stress shadow prior to the Izmit earthquake, that event caused a significant Coulomb stress load, taking the Duzce fault out of the stress shadow, which probably precipitated failure. A comparison of the mapped Coulomb stress change with the inferred slip shows no correlation between the two. Finally, the stress modelling indicates that the northern branch of the North Anatolian fault zone, beneath the Sea of Marmara towards the city of Istanbul, is presently the most highly loaded segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone

The Mining Activities and the Metal Production in Arycanda in Lycia

Arykanda, doğu Lykia bölgesinde, modern Elmalı – Finike kara yolunun 35. Km’sinde yer almaktadır. 1971 yılından bu yana yapılan kazılar sırasında kentte çok miktarda madeni buluntu ve madencilik faaliyetlerine ilişkin bulgular saptanmıştır. Bulguların arasında hem madeni eser üretimi ile ilgili aletlerin bulunduğu bir mekan hem de kentin değişik yerlerine dağınık biçimde bulunan madencilik faaliyetinden arta kalan cüruflar mevcuttur. Lykia bölgesi, madencilik faaliyetlerinin durumu konusunda en az bilgiye sahip olduğumuz bölgelerden birisidir. Anadolu’ daki madencilik faaliyetleri hakkında bilgi veren antik kaynaklarda Lykia’ dan çok az bahsedilmektedir. Bölgedeki üretim konusundaki bilgilerimiz büyük ölçüde kazı buluntularından oluşmaktadır. Arykanda’ daki madencilik faaliyetlerinin değerlendirilmesinde öncelikle Lykia bölgesindeki genel durumun incelenmesi ve ardından gerek bu örneklerin incelenmesi ve gerekse maden cüruflarının analizlerinin yapılması yoluna gidilmiştir. Bu yolla elde edilen sonuçlar bu makale kapsamında ele alınacaktır.Arycanda lies in eastern Lycia, which is in 35.th km of the modern Elmalı – Finike highway. During the excavations since 1971, there were found so many metal artifacts and metal slags especially from the late Roman layers in the city. These finds revealed that there was a specific metal production in Arykanda. This production covers not only the tool production from pure metal, but also includes metal purification process around the city. This metal production industry of Arykanda adds so many important data about the city’s industrial situation and the position of city as a part of Lycia metal industry, about which we have very limited information. In this article the author mentioned the history of mining activities in Lycia and the position of Arycanda with the analyzing the slag remains and the other finds

Procurement Performance Metric Selection Using SCOR Modelling and Scenario-Based Fuzzy Cognitive Map

Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems - Intelligence and Sustainable Future Proceedings of the INFUS 2023 Conference -- 22 August 2023 through 24 August 2023 -- Istanbul -- 299549The present study investigates a company's procurement process with a weak performance measurement and management system in its supply chain. The challenge in evaluating the customer-specific engineer-to-order projects in the case company prompted the use of SCOR modelling as a standardization tool to analyze the supply chain processes and metrics. The selection of performance metrics is a dynamic process that needs to be updated based on changing company needs. However, the complex relationships between metrics make it difficult for stakeholders to predict their impact on results. To address this, we utilized scenario-based Fuzzy Cognitive Maps to prioritize important SCOR metrics and fuzzy numbers in our evaluations to account for the inherent fuzziness in procurement processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the trade-offs between procurement performance metrics using SCOR modelling. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Galatasaray Üniversitesi, (FBA-2022-1091); Galatasaray Üniversites