447 research outputs found

    Juvenile hormone downregulates vitellogenin production in Ectatomma tuberculatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) sterile workers

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    In the ant Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier 1792), workers have active ovaries and lay trophic eggs that are eaten by the queen and larvae. Vitellogenins are the main proteins found in the eggs of insects and are the source of nutrients for the embryo in the fertilized eggs and for adults in the trophic eggs. In social insects, vitellogenin titres vary between castes and affect reproductive social status, nursing, foraging, longevity, somatic maintenance, and immunity. In most insects, vitellogenin synthesis is mainly regulated by juvenile hormone. However, in non-reproductive worker ants, this relationship is poorly characterized. This study determined the effects of juvenile hormone on vitellogenin synthesis in non-reproductive E. tuberculatum workers. Juvenile hormone was topically applied onto workers, and the effect on vitellogenin synthesis in the fat body and vitellogenin titres in the haemolymph were analysed by ELISA and qPCR. Juvenile hormone downregulated protein synthesis and reduced vitellogenin titres in the haemolymph, suggesting that in workers of E. tuberculatum, juvenile hormone loses its gonadotrophic function

    A INCLUSÃO DO OUTRO POR MEIO DA TEORIA NEOINSTITUCIONALISTA DO PROCESSO

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    Trata-se de estudo destinado a analisar a inclusão do outro por meio dos preceitos da teoria neoinstitucionalista. Nesse sentido, será analisado se, diante da ideia do “ser outro” como o excluído, que não possui direito de participação, tampouco de influenciar nas tomadas de decisões, a teoria neoinstitucionalista permitiria a inclusão dos sujeitos, observados os princípios institutivos do processo. O texto será dividido em cinco capítulos, sendo a introdução, três tópicos, dentre os quais, o papel do processo no Estado Democrático de Direito, sob a perspectiva da teoria neoinstitucionalista, com ênfase nos princípios institutivos da ampla defesa, da isonomia e do contraditório; quem seria o “outro” para os filósofos Habermas, Hegel e Honneth; bem como a inclusão do outro e o seu reconhecimento, por meio da referida teoria e, finalmente, a conclusão. Para tanto, utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio do método dedutivo

    Test-Driven Development as an Innovation Value Chain

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    For all companies that consider their Information Technology Department to be of strategic value, it is important to incorporate an innovation value chain into their software development lifecycles to enhance their teams' performance. One model is TDD (Test-Driven Development), which is a process that detects failures and improves the productivity and quality of the team’s work. Data were collected from a Financial Company with 3,500 employees to demonstrate that software projects that require more than 4,000 hours of development benefit from TDD if a clear knowledge conversion step occurs between the client and the developers

    Audiovisual documents, information and memory : results of photographic collections identification in Brasilia

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    Evento realizado pela Associação Nacional de Pesquisa em Ciência da Informação (ANCIB) e organizado pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Bahia (PPGCI/UFBA).Esta comunicação apresenta os resultados finais do projeto “Documentos Audiovisuais, Informação e Memória: identificação de acervos fotográficos e fílmicos no Distrito Federal”, financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, que mapeou a produção e a acumulação de registros audiovisuais no Distrito Federal, abrangendo a cidade de Brasília, nesta primeira fase. Para relatar a finalização dos trabalhos, que culminará com a realização de um evento entre os dias 17 e 21 de outubro de 2016, para o qual estão programados um seminário, uma exposição fotográfica e uma mostra de filmes, entre outras atividades, trazemos, neste trabalho, os seguintes assuntos: a importância do tema memória, que foi estudado ao longo dos 36 meses de trabalho não só pelos pesquisadores envolvidos, mas principalmente pelos estudantes de graduação (Iniciação Científica); a relevância do tema patrimônio audiovisual, sobre o qual nos debruçamos igualmente com o fito de focar com mais acurácia a abordagem pretendida na pesquisa de campo; o percurso metodológico empreendido por nossos 14 estudantes de iniciação científica; e, finalmente, o coroamento de todo este trabalho coletivo, nos resultados alcançados com a pesquisa como um todo.This communication presents the final results of the project "Audiovisual Documents, Information and Memory: identification of photographic and filmic collections in the Federal District", funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, which mapped out the production and accumulation of audiovisual records in the Federal District covering the city of Brasilia, in this first phase. To report the completion of the work, which will culminate with an event between 17 and 21 October 2016, for which are scheduled a seminar, a photo exhibition and an exhibition of movies, among other activities, we bring in this work the following issues: the importance of the topic memory, which has been studied over the 36 months of work not only by the researchers involved, but mainly for undergraduate students (Scientific Initiation); the relevance of the subject audiovisual heritage, on which also worked through us with the aim of focusing more accurately the desired approach to field research; the methodological approach undertaken by our 14 students of scientific initiation; and finally the culmination of all this collective work, the results achieved with the research as a whole

    A imunomarcação positiva para c-kit está associada com a presença de células análogas às intersticiais de Cajal no músculo ciliar?

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    PURPOSE: Interstitial cells of Cajal were identified in the gastrointestinal tract of several species, with close relation to the enteric nervous system. Since it was recognized that interstitial cells of Cajal express the gene product of c-kit, we performed immunohistochemistry for c-kit protein in ciliary muscle specimens of monkeys' eyes. METHODS: Eight eyes from four adult male new world monkeys (Cebus apella) were studied. After blocking endogenous peroxidase activity and nonspecific protein binding, 1:100 dilution of mouse monoclonal antibody against c-kit human oncoprotein was applied to tissues. Antigen-antibody reaction was visualized using the avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex in each slide. RESULTS: We observed some groups of fusiform c-kit expressing cells located amongst muscle bundles of the ciliary muscle. Other pigment cells and mast cells were also observed. CONCLUSION: C-kit expressing cells observed in the ciliary muscle of Cebus apella, showed no similarity to melanocytes or mast cells and they could be associated with their gastrointestinal interstitial cells of Cajal counterpart.OBJETIVO: As células intersticiais de Cajal estão presentes no trato gastrintestinal de diversas espécies animais, em íntima relação com o sistema nervoso entérico. Uma vez que as células intersticiais de Cajal expressam o produto do gene c-kit, realizou-se um ensaio imuno-histoquímico a fim de se verificar a marcação da proteína c-kit no músculo ciliar de amostras de olhos de macacos. MÉTODOS: Oito olhos de quatro macacos do novo mundo (Cebus apella) foram estudados. Após bloqueio da peroxidase endógena e de ligação protéica não específica, os tecidos receberam aplicação de anticorpos de camundongos antioncoproteína c-kit humana (1:100). A reação antígeno-anticorpo foi verificada através da aplicação do complexo avidina-biotinilada-peroxidase em cada lâmina. RESULTADOS: Foram observados grupos de células que expressam c-kit, localizadas entre as fibras do músculo ciliar. Mastócitos e outras células pigmentadas também foram observadas. CONCLUSÃO: Algumas células que expressam c-kit, observadas no músculo ciliar de Cebus apella, não mostraram similaridade com mastócitos ou melanócitos e podem ser classificadas como análogas das células intersticiais de Cajal gastrintestinais.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)FAPES

    Análise de sistemas de medição de desempenho na indústria da construção

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    O crescente debate sobre medição de desempenho entre profissionais e entre pesquisadores da área de gestão organizacional ainda não foi suficiente para consolidar as práticas de medição na indústria da construção. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as oportunidades para o aprimoramento dos sistemas de medição de desempenho na Construção. Para tanto, foram avaliados 22 modelos identificados na literatura nacional e internacional dos últimos 25 anos, aplicando protocolo de análise proposto neste estudo, e validado por especialistas. A partir do mapeamento das principais características, papéis e processos das práticas de medição no setor, da avaliação realizada concluiu-se que há necessidade de melhorias (i) no processamento dos dados, integrando-o à rotina organizacional, (ii) na gestão da informação, melhorando os mecanismos de geração de conhecimentos, (iii) na conexão da avaliação com um sistema de recompensas, e (iv) na revisão sistemática, quanto à sua utilidade, eficiência e consistência geral, não apenas de seus indicadores individuais. Propôs-se, ainda, um framework que apresenta uma visão holística do processo de medição, enfatizando a diferença entre sistema de indicadores e de medição de desempenho. Uma agenda de pesquisa foi sugerida, a partir das lacunas e oportunidades de melhoria encontrados

    An Ecological Comparison of Floristic Composition in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in Southeast Brazil: Implications for Conservation

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    We examined floristic patterns of ten seasonal semideciduous forest sites in southeastern Brazil and conducted a central sampling of one hectare for each site, where we took samples and identified all individual living trees with DBH (diameter at breast height, 1.30 m) ≥ 4.8 cm. Arboreal flora totaled 242 species, 163 genera, and 58 families. Fabaceae (38 species) and Myrtaceae (20 species) were families with the largest number of species. Only Copaifera langsdorffii and Hymenaea courbaril occurred at all sites. Multivariate analysis (detrended correspondence analysis and cluster analysis) using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) indicated the formation of a group containing seven fragments in which Siparuna guianensis was the indicator species. This analysis revealed that similarities between studied fragments were due mainly to the successional stage of the community

    Performance of upland rice cultivars on cerrado soil

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    The rice is a grain which belongs to the Poaceae family. It is produced in two ecosystems wich are the floodplain and the uplands. It is used as part of the daily diet of diferent populations. There is a growing demand for rice consumption around the world. That cereal has great socioeconomic importance. The State of Tocantins has a great productive potential. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the productive performance of upland rice cultivars in five years of evaluation in the cerrado of the southern state part of Tocantins. The experiments were conducted on the field at the Chaparral Farm and on the Experimental Station of the Federal University of Tocantins in the years of 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four replications in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of four genotypes and five years. The evaluated characteristics were number of days to flowering, plant height, weight of hundred grains and grain yield. It was concluded that the 2007/08 crop year was where the cultivars presented the highest grain yields ranging from 2729 to 1716 kg ha-1. The cultivars BRS-Bonança, BRS-Primavera and BRSMG-Conai reached the best averages of grain production on the five years of cultivation. Those cultivars can be indicated for use in the region. It is suggested that more studies have to be carry out on different planting periods for upland rice in Tocantins

    Comparação de modelos estatísticos para estimativa da biomassa de árvores, e estimativa do estoque de carbono acima do solo em Cerrado

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    In this work, different statistical models were compared for estimating individual tree biomass and the total biomass and carbon stocks above the soil, in the three compartments (arboreal, herbaceous-shrub and litter) of a typical Cerrado in the west of Bahia state, Brazil. The forest inventory was carried out in 20 plots of 1000 m² (20 m x 50 m). In order to fit the statistical models, 90 trees of different species and diameter classes were cut and weighed. Models were fitted for the diameter measured at 30 cm from the soil (D30cm≥5cm) and the diameter measured at 1.30 m from the soil (DAP1,30m≥3,5 cm). The equation chosen was applied to the data of the trees collected in the forest inventory, and thus, the stocks per hectare and the total in the tree compartment were estimated. Samplings of the herbaceous-shrub and litter compartments were performed by fixed subplots. For sampling of the herbaceous-shrub and litter compartments, 20 subplots of 4 m² (2 m x 2 m) and 20 subplots of 1 m² (1 m x 1 m) were systematically allocated, respectively. The carbon stock was estimated by the biomass conversion factor. The equation resulting from the adjustment of the Schumacher & Hall (logarithmic) model (R2 = 93.53%; Sxy = 44.92%) was chosen to estimate the biomass stock of the studied Cerrado trees. The total biomass above the soil, considering the three compartments, was estimated at 18.77 Mg ha-1, which corresponds to a Carbon total stock of 8.67 Mg ha-1. The arboreal compartment was responsible for most of the stocks (58%), followed by litter (26%) and herbaceous-shrub (16%).Neste trabalho foram comparados diferentes modelos estatísticos para a estimativa da biomassa individual de árvores, e estimados os estoques totais de biomassa e de carbono acima do solo, nos três compartimentos (arbóreo, herbáceo-arbustivo e serapilheira) de um cerrado sensu stricto típico no oeste da Bahia. Foi realizado o inventário florestal em 20 parcelas de 1000 m² (20 m x 50 m). Para ajuste dos modelos estatísticos foram cortadas e pesadas 90 árvores de diferentes espécies e classes diamétricas. Foram ajustados modelos para o diâmetro medido a 30 cm do solo (D30cm≥5cm) e diâmetro medido a 1,30 m do solo (DAP1,30m≥3,5 cm). A equação escolhida foi aplicada aos dados das árvores levantados no inventário florestal, e assim foram estimados os estoques por hectare e total no compartimento arbóreo. As amostragens dos compartimentos herbáceo-arbustivo e serapilheira foram realizadas por subparcelas fixas. Foram alocadas sistematicamente 20 subparcelas de 4 m² (2 m x 2 m) para amostragem do compartimento herbáceo-arbustivo e 20 subparcelas de 1 m² (1 m x 1 m) para amostragem da serapilheira. O estoque de carbono foi estimado por fator de conversão da biomassa. A equação proveniente do ajuste do modelo de Schumacher & Hall (logarítmica) (R2 = 93,53%; Sxy = 44,92%) foi a escolhida para estimar o estoque de biomassa das árvores do cerrado estudado. A biomassa total acima do solo, considerando os três compartimentos, foi estimada em 18,77 Mg ha-1, o que corresponde a um estoque total de 8,67 Mg ha-1 de carbono. O compartimento arbóreo foi responsável pela maior parte dos estoques (58%), seguido da serapilheira (26%) e herbáceo-arbustivo (16%)

    Expression of the nifH gene in diazotrophic bacteria in Eucalyptus urograndis plantations

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    A large proportion of eucalypt plantations in Brazil are located in areas with low soil fertility. The actions of microorganisms are of great importance for the cycling of nutrients, including nitrogen (N), that are essential for plant metabolism. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to monitor and identify the total and active microorganisms involved in the N cycle in both the soil and root systems of a forest of Eucalyptus urograndis with sections that were fertilized with N or unfertilized. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of the nifH gene in N-fixing bacteria present in both the soil and root systems. According to the DGGE analysis, in the total and active populations of N-fixing bacteria, the presence and expression of the nifH gene were influenced by the winter and summer seasons and (or) N fertilization, respectively. DGGE band sequencing from total DNA samples showed that the most abundant group of diazotrophic bacteria belonged to Alphaproteobacteria in both the soil and root systems. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that nifH expression was higher in the soil samples, especially in those that did not receive N fertilization. The differences in the composition of the total and active diazotrophic populations highlight the importance of evaluating the active populations, because they are effectively responsible for the biogeochemical transformation of N and also control its' availability to plants.Une grande partie des plantations brésiliennes d'eucalyptus sont situées sur des sites peu fertiles. L'action des microorganismes est d'une grande importance dans le recyclage des nutriments, incluant l'azote (N) qui est essentiel au métabolisme des plantes. La technique de DGGE a été employée pour effectuer le suivi et identifier la quantité de microorganismes totaux et actifs impliqués dans le recyclage de N à la fois dans le sol et les systèmes racinaires d'une forêt d'Eucalyptus urograndis comprenant des sections fertilisées à l'azote et d'autres pas. La PCR quantitative en temps réel a été utilisée pour examiner l'expression du gène nifH dans les bactéries fixatrices d'azote présentes à la fois dans le sol et les systèmes racinaires. Selon l'analyse DGGE, chez les populations totales et actives de bactéries fixatrices d'azote, la présence et l'expression du gène nifH étaient respectivement influencées par les saisons hivernale et estivale et/ou par la fertilisation azotée. Le séquençage des bandes de DGGE à partir d'échantillons d'ADN total a démontré que le groupe le plus abondant de bactéries diazotrophiques appartenait aux Alphaprotéobactéries, à la fois dans le sol et les systèmes racinaires. Le PCR quantitatif en temps réel a révélé que l'expression des gènes nifH était plus élevée dans les échantillons de sol, et spécialement dans ceux qui n'avaient pas été fertilisés à l'azote. Les différences dans la composition des populations diazotrophiques totales et actives soulignent l'importance d'évaluer les populations actives puisqu'elles sont effectivement responsables de la transformation biogéochimique de l'azote et qu'elles contrôlent sa disponibilité pour les plantes. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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