Problematización de las prácticas docentes y contextualización de la enseñanza

This article is a reflection in three planes: the first one, how teachers problematize their own practices given the complexity of the scenarios that they must face daily in classrooms; the second one, how teaching problematization is perceived in the academic and school world and the third one, hoy many and how contents, methodological tools and training forms, which are necessary to strengthen teachers’ abilities and attitudes prone to problematization, have been assumed by continuous teaching training programs. It is concluded with a joint reflection that tries to establish the link between these planes.This article is a reflection in three planes: the first one, how teachers problematize their own practices given the complexity of the scenarios that they must face daily in classrooms; the second one, how teaching problematization is perceived in the academic and school world and the third one, hoy many and how contents, methodological tools and training forms, which are necessary to strengthen teachers’ abilities and attitudes prone to problematization, have been assumed by continuous teaching training programs. It is concluded with a joint reflection that tries to establish the link between these planes.El artículo es una reflexión en tres planos: el primero, sobre cómo los docentes problematizan sus propias prácticas dada la complejidad de los escenarios que deben enfrentar cotidianamente en las aulas. El segundo, sobre cómo la problematización de la docencia en percibida en el mundo académico y el escolar. El tercero, sobre cuánto y cómo los contenidos, las herramientas metodológicas y los formatos de capacitación, que son necesarios para fortalecer en los docentes las capacidades y las actitudes proclives a la problematización, están siendo asumidos por los programas de formación docente continua. Se concluye con una reflexión conjunta que trata de establecer el vínculo entre los planos.

Problematización de las prácticas docentes y contextualización de la enseñanza

This article is a reflection in three planes: the first one, how teachers problematize their own practices given the complexity of the scenarios that they must face daily in classrooms; the second one, how teaching problematization is perceived in the academic and school world and the third one, hoy many and how contents, methodological tools and training forms, which are necessary to strengthen teachers’ abilities and attitudes prone to problematization, have been assumed by continuous teaching training programs. It is concluded with a joint reflection that tries to establish the link between these planes.This article is a reflection in three planes: the first one, how teachers problematize their own practices given the complexity of the scenarios that they must face daily in classrooms; the second one, how teaching problematization is perceived in the academic and school world and the third one, hoy many and how contents, methodological tools and training forms, which are necessary to strengthen teachers’ abilities and attitudes prone to problematization, have been assumed by continuous teaching training programs. It is concluded with a joint reflection that tries to establish the link between these planes.El artículo es una reflexión en tres planos: el primero, sobre cómo los docentes problematizan sus propias prácticas dada la complejidad de los escenarios que deben enfrentar cotidianamente en las aulas. El segundo, sobre cómo la problematización de la docencia en percibida en el mundo académico y el escolar. El tercero, sobre cuánto y cómo los contenidos, las herramientas metodológicas y los formatos de capacitación, que son necesarios para fortalecer en los docentes las capacidades y las actitudes proclives a la problematización, están siendo asumidos por los programas de formación docente continua. Se concluye con una reflexión conjunta que trata de establecer el vínculo entre los planos.

Oral cancer, HPV infection and evidence of sexual transmission

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer and oral cancer is growing worldwide, both in young non-smokers and in young non-drinkers (smoking and drinking are considered the main risk factors). Epidemiologic studies suggest a strong association between the infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), especially types 16 and 18 (high oncological risk) which have already demonstrated their etiological role in anal tumours as well as in cervix cancer. There is clear epidemiologic evidence that both types of tumours relate to changes in sexual behaviour and that both are linked to sexual transmission of HPV. The number of oral and oropharyngeal cancer cases is rising nowadays, especially among young individuals with no typical toxic habits, such as tobacco and/or alcohol. In this review we set out to update the aspects related to the onset of oral cancer, its relationship with HPV infection and whether this association may be due to the sexual transmission of the virus

Gestión de datos de investigación en los Observatorios de Turismo Regional en Chile

The article presents the results of a study about Chile's experience in the creation of Tourism Observatories in regions of Chile, considering two dimensions of study: firstly, regarding the level of performance achieved according to its basal purposes: To monitor tourism activity and generate information to aid decision-making, and secondly, to the way in which they conducted the management of tourism research data, considering management and opening processes. The main problem evidenced in the Observatories of tourism was the constitution, management and diffusion of the data that they had to provide.En el artículo se exponen los resultados de un estudio sobre la experiencia que tuvo Chile en la creación de Observatorios de turismo en regiones de Chile, considerando dos dimensiones de estudio: en primer lugar, respecto al nivel de desempeño alcanzado atendiendo a sus propósitos basales: monitorear la actividad turística y generar información de ayuda a la toma de decisiones, y en segundo lugar, respecto a la manera en que realizaron la gestión de datos de investigación en turismo, considerando procesos de gestión y apertura. El principal problema evidenciado en los Observatorios de turismo fue la constitución, gestión y difusión de los datos que debían proveer

Analysis of the presence of sustainability in Higher Education Degrees of the Spanish university system

This paper analyzes the extent to which sustainability is present in the curricula of the 16 Education Degree programs belonging to the EDINSOST project: 6 Early Childhood Education Degrees, 7 Primary Education Degrees, 2 Pedagogy Degrees and 1 Social Education Degree. The results obtained suggest that sustainability is present in all Degrees, but not uniformly so. A great disparity is observed in the number of subjects that develop sustainability, with an average of 22.63 subjects per Degree. The competency most present is the ‘ Application of ethical principles related to the values of sustainability in personal and professional behaviors, ’ while the least present is ‘ Sustainable use of resources and prevention of negative impacts on the natural and social environment. ’Sustainability is not developed uniformly in the different universities either. Three universities (UAM, UCA and UIC) develop sustainability competencies at 100%, while others such as the USAL do so at only 50

Impact of myxomatosis on densities of Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) in North-western Spain: implications for management and sustainable hunting

[ENG]Outbreaks of myxomatosis in Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) were detected for the first time in Spain in 2018. The disease spread to a significant proportion of the species range, negatively affecting the hare populations. In this study, we analyzed the impact of myxomatosis at hunting grounds of Castilla y León (Northern Spain), comparing hare density during two consecutive hunting seasons; the first when outbreaks were detected for the first time (season 1, Oct 2019-Jan 20) and the second after the spread of the disease (season 2, Oct 2020-Jan 21). Data was gathered from 1,102 hunts from 178 hunting grounds through “coursing”, a hunting type in which hunters and greyhounds search for hares, allowing the estimation of hare density. Overall, hare density decreased significantly, from 12.7 hare/100 ha in season 1 to 4.7 hare/100 ha in season 2. The percentage of hares suspected to be affected by myxomatosis (sick and dead) per hunt was higher in season 1 (14.4%) compared to season 2 (10.7%). For both seasons, this proportion was higher when hunting season was started (20.7%, October), compared to the remaining months (4.7%, November–January). However, the proportion of hunting grounds affected increased from 44% in season 1 to 66.7% in season 2. Our research confirmed a 62.7% reduction in hare density in Castilla y León after the spread of myxomatosis and identified scenarios of possible depletion when densities were below 4–5 hare/100 ha. As myxomatosis becoming endemic in Iberian hares is likely, hunters and game managers should continue current monitoring and disease surveillance and make management decisions accordingly.SIJunta de Castilla y LeónFundación Artemisa

Caracterización, cuantificación y análisis de la distribución espacial de microplásticos en el golfo de Cádiz

La contaminación de los sistemas marinos por microplásticos (MPs) está siendo estudiada a escala global en los mares y océanos. Esto es debido a la gran abundancia y ubicuidad que este tipo de polución presenta. En esta Tesis de Máster se ha evaluado la presencia de MPs en las aguas subsuperficiales del golfo de Cádiz, en seis radiales distintas, desde el cabo de Trafalgar hasta la desembocadura del río Guadiana, en el extremo suroccidental de la Zona Económica Exclusiva de las aguas españolas. A través de la campaña número 42 de la serie STOCA se filtraron un total de 46,307 L de agua de mar a través de una malla metálica con luz de 45 μm, distribuidos en 16 muestras. Tras la obtención del material particulado se realizó una digestión alcalina-oxidante (KOH-H2O2) para degradar la materia presente en estas. De manera general, se encontraron MPs en todas las estaciones estudiadas de las diferentes radiales, con una concentración media de 2 MPs·m-3. Las fibras fueron el tipo de ítem más abundante (70.2 %), seguido de las partículas tipo film (16.4 %) y los fragmentos (13.4 %). Alrededor del 70 % de los ítems encontrados se sometieron a una caracterización química a través del análisis de micro-espectroscopía infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier (μ-FTIR). El análisis de similitudes (ANOSIM) no mostró variación de la concentración de microplásticos entre las diferentes radiales a lo largo de la costa, pero si encontró un patrón de disminución de estas al aumentar la distancia desde costa. El análisis del modelo lineal múltiple basado en las distancias (DISTLM) realizado entre las variables de los MPs (concentración, tamaño, tipo, composición polimérica) y las variables oceanográficas (temperatura, salinidad, conductividad, oxígeno disuelto, fluorescencia y turbidez) no mostró relaciones significativas. Los resultados sugieren que las fuentes de contaminación de origen terrestre dominan los aportes de MPs en la zona de estudio

Paleoecología del género Anchitherium von Meyer, 1834 (Equidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) en España: evidencias a partir de las faunas de macromamíferos

En el presente trabajo se interpreta la paleoecología y evolución del équido Anchitherium VON MEYER, 1834 por medio del análisis multifactorial (análisis de componentes principales, análisis discriminante) de las faunas de macromamíferos del Rambliense-Vallesiense inferior de la Península Ibérica. El análisis conjunto con faunas tropicales y subtropicales actuales permite inferir algunas de las características ambientales (temperatura, estacionalidad térmica) bajo las cuales se desarrollan dichas comunidades del Mioceno. Los resultados obtenidos también muestran la posibilidad de interpretar el bioma de una localidad en función de su fauna de macromamíferos, pudiéndose inferir la presencia en el Mioceno ibérico de laurisilvas, bosques tropicales y sabanas. Se observa una relación entre el tamaño relativo de la dentición respecto al tamaño corporal de Anchitherium y las variaciones en la temperatura. Las poblaciones que ocupaban ambientes térmicamente más estacionales presentaban una dentición relativamente mayor respecto al tamaño corporal que las habitantes de ambientes menos estacionales. Esto podría estar relacionado con un menor consumo de frutos determinado por una disminución en la disponibilidad anual de los mismos en las zonas con mayor estacionalidad térmica y un aumento en el consumo de follaje, menos nutritivo. La abundancia relativa de Anchitherium en los yacimientos parece determinada principalmente por las condiciones de temperatura, siendo más abundante cuanto menor es esta. Este hecho podría estar relacionado con las condiciones ambientales que los Anchitheriinae tuvieron que superar para atravesar Beringia antes de alcanzar Eurasia. Se estudian los biomas ocupados por cada especie de Anchitherium. Los dos clados propuestos por SÁNCHEZ et al. (1998) muestran un comportamiento similar. Especies más o menos ubiquistas y adaptadas a ambientes forestales densos dan lugar a especies más derivadas y adaptadas en mayor medida a los ambientes con una estación seca (bosques tropicales y sabanas), predominantes en la Península Ibérica durante el período estudiado. Este proceso es más acusado en el segundo linaje que en el primero. Durante la zona MN 6, una especie ubiquista, el inmigrante norteño A. hippoides entra en la península y sustituye a las especies presentes hasta el momento. Este proceso se relaciona con un progresivo aumento de la humedad ambiental que provocaría una reorganización de la fauna. Finalmente se expone un escenario ambiental para la evolución de Anchitherium en España. En él se muestra la relación de alternancia existente entre Equidae y Rhinocerotidae como grupo faunístico dominante durante el Mioceno. [ABSTRACT] The paleoecology and evolution of the equid Anchitherium VON MEYER, 1834 is studied in this paper by means of multifactorial analysis (principal components analysis, discriminant analysis) of the Ramblian-lower Vallesian large mammal faunas from the Iberian Peninsula. Joint analysis of subtropical and tropical recent faunas and Miocene faunas allow the establishment of several environmental characteristics (temperature, thermal seasonality) of the ecosystems of those Miocene communities. Our results indicate that it is possible to infer the biome of a locality based on its macromammal fauna. It has been able to infer the presence in the Iberian Miocene of temperate evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests and savannas. A relationship is observed between the relative size of the dentition regarding the corporal size in Anchitherium and the temperature variations. Populations that occupied more thermally seasonal environments presented a relatively bigger dentition regarding their corporal size than the non-seasonally environment inhabitants. This could be related with a diminished consumption of fruits caused by a lesser fruit availability in the more thermal seasonality areas, and a higher consumption of leaves, less nutritive than fruits. The relative abundance of Anchitherium in the fossil local faunas seems mainly settled by temperature, being more abundant in faunas from colder fossil sites. This fact could be related with the environmental conditions that Anchitheriinae had to overcome to cross Beringia before reaching Eurasia. Biomes occupied by each Anchitherium species are studied. The two clades proposed by SÁNCHEZ et al. (1998) shown a similar behaviour. More or less ubiquitous species, adapted to dense forest environments, are substituted by more derived species adapted to ecosystems with a dry station (tropical deciduous forests and savannas), the predominant biomes in the Iberian Peninsula during the studied period. This process is more pronounced in the second lineage than in the first one. Another ubiquitous species, the northern immigrant A. hippoides come into the Iberian Peninsula in MN 6 zone and replace the rest of species. This process is related with the progressive increment in environmental humidity causing a faunal reorganization. Finally an environmental scenario for the evolution of Anchitherium in Spain is exposed. An alternation relationship as faunal dominant group during the Miocene between Equidae and Rhinocerotidae is shown

The classifying space for commutativity of geometric orientable 3-manifold groups

For a topological group $G$ let $E_{\textsf{com}}(G)$ be the total space of the universal transitionally commutative principal $G$-bundle as defined by Adem--Cohen--Torres-Giese. So far this space has been most studied in the case of compact Lie groups; but in this paper we focus on the case of infinite discrete groups. For a discrete group $G$, the space $E_{\textsf{com}}(G)$ is homotopy equivalent to the geometric realization of the order complex of the poset of cosets of abelian subgroups of $G$. We show that for fundamental groups of closed orientable geometric $3$-manifolds, this space is always homotopy equivalent to a wedge of circles. On our way to prove this result we also establish some structural results on the homotopy type of $E_{\textsf{com}}(G)$.Comment: 36 pages, 4 figures, comments very welcome

Surface chemistry of metal-organic polyhedra

This work was funded by the CERCA Programme/Gen-eralitat de Catalunya and through a fellowship (LCF/BQ/PR20/ 11770011) from the "La Caixa" Foundation (ID 100010434).Metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) are discrete, intrinsically-porous architectures that operate at the molecular regime and, owing to peripheral reactive sites, exhibit rich surface chemistry. Researchers have recently exploited this reactivity through post-synthetic modification (PSM) to generate specialised molecular platforms that may overcome certain limitations of extended porous materials. Indeed, the combination of modular solubility, orthogonal reactive sites, and accessible cavities yields a highly versatile molecular platform for solution to solid-state applications. In this feature article, we discuss representative examples of the PSM chemistry of MOPs, from proof-of-concept studies to practical applications, and highlight future directions for the MOP field