Serološka raznolikost salmonela izdvojenih iz različitih izvora u Litvi i njihova otpornost prema antimikrobnim tvarima

Over 57000 samples were tested in order to isolate Salmonella from animals and feedstuffs during the period 1998-2003. Four hundred and nine strains were isolated from poultry, 143 from pigs, 16 from cattle and 99 from feedstuffs. Ninety-two percent of isolated Salmonella from pigs depended to serovar S. choleraesuis. All Salmonella isolates from cattle depended to serovars S. dublin and S. enteritidis. A wider variety of Salmonella serovars was obtained from poultry and feedstuffs. The main source of Salmonella presence in feedstuffs was fish products. Sixty isolates of S. choleraesuis and 100 isolates of different serovars from poultry were tested for antimicrobial resistance. Only 1.3% of isolated Salmonella were resistant to ceftiofur, 5.6% to enrofloxacin. Thirty-four percent were resistant to nalidixic acid, 33% to tetracyclines and 8.1% were resistant to aminoglycosides (neomycin and gentamicin). Streptomycin was less effective: 30% of isolated Salmonella were resistant to this antibiotic. S. choleraesuis has more resistance than Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry. There is evidence that the prevalence of Salmonella has decreased in recent years. However, more attention must be paid to surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance.Više od 57000 uzoraka pretraženo je u svrhu izdvajanja bakterija roda Salmonella iz životinja i krmiva u razdoblju od 1998. do 2003. god. Iz peradi je izdvojeno 409 izolata, 143 iz svinja, 16 iz goveda i 99 iz krmiva. Devedeset i dva posto (92%) izdvojenih salmonela iz svinja pripadalo je serovaru Salmonella choleraesuis. Svi izolati iz goveda pripadali su serovarovima S. dublin i S. enteritidis. Širi raspon serovarova uočen je u peradi i krmivima. Glavni izvor salmonela prisutnih u krmivima bili su riblji proizvodi. Šezdeset izolata S. Choleraesuis i 100 izolata različitih serovarova iz peradi bilo je pretraženo na otpornost prema antimikrobnim tvarima. Samo je 1,3% izolata bilo otporno na ceftiofur, a 5,6% na enrofloksacin. Trideset i četiri posto bilo je otporno na nalidiksičnu kiselinu, 33% na tetracikline i 8,1% na aminoglikozide (neomicin i gentamicin). Streptomicin je bio manje djelotvoran te je 30% izdvojenih salmonela bilo otporno na ovaj antibiotik. S. choleraesuis je bila otpornija od serovarova izdvojenih iz peradi. Činjenica je da se proširenost salmonela smanjuje posljednjih godina te da više pozornosti treba posvetiti nadzoru nad mikrobnom rezistencijom

Presječno istraživanje prevalencije koagulaza negativnih izolata safilokoka, otpornih na meticilin, izdvojenih iz pasa u Litvi.

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and frequency of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci in dogs in Lithuania and to characterize them regarding antimicrobial resistance. In 2012-2013 clinical material was collected from 400 dogs. Three hundred samples from diseased dogs with different clinical conditions (dermatitis, otitis, wound infections, gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections) as well as 100 samples from pure-breed bitches with reproductive disorders (pyometritis, metritis, partus praematurus), used as breeding animals in kennels, were selected. Twenty MRCNS isolates were obtained from 18 dogs out of 400 tested. All isolates harboured the mecA gene while the mecC (mecLGA251) gene was not found. Ten isolates were detected in vaginal samples of the bitches within 3 large kennels. The prevalence of MRCNS in dogs kept in households was 3.3 % i.e. significantly lower (P<0.01) than in dogs kept in large kennels (10 %). Ten different MRCNS species were detected with the highest prevalence for Staphylococcus haemolyticus. MRCNS isolates were resistant to macrolides (75 %) due to erm(C) and msrA genes, and to tetracycline (65 %) due to tet(K) and/or tet(M) genes. The rate of resistance to gentamicin was 50 % (attributed to aac(6′)-Ieaph(2”)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa), and to co-trimoxazole - 40 % (dfrG gene). One isolate of S. lentus harboured the dfrK gene. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid, daptomycin and vancomycin. This study revealed that breeding kennels might be a reservoir of MRCNS strains and may pose a risk for the spread of such strains during mating. The focus on the possible spread of multi-resistant S. haemolyticus between companion-animals and humans should be foreseen, as this species plays an important role in human infections as well.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ustanoviti prisutnost i učestalost koagulaza negativnih stafilokoka otpornih na meticilin (MRKNS) izdvojenih iz pasa u Litvi te odrediti njihovu otpornost na antimikrobne tvari. Klinički materijal bio je prikupljen iz 400 pasa 2012. i 2013. godine. Tri stotine uzoraka bilo je uzeto iz bolesnih pasa s različitim kliničkim znakovima (dermatitis, otitis, infekcije rana, infekcije probavnog i dišnog sustava) te 100 uzoraka iz kuja čistih pasmina s reprodukcijskim poremećajima (pyometritis, metritis, partus praematurus) upotrebljavanih za rasplod u štenarama. Od 400 pretraženih, 20 koagulaza negativnih izolata stafilokoka otpornih na meticilin bilo je izdvojeno iz 18 pasa. Svi izolati imali su gen mecA, dok gen mecC (mecLGA251) nije bio dokazan. Deset izolata bilo je izdvojeno iz uzoraka rodnice kuja iz triju velikih uzgoja. Prevalencija MRKNS u pasa držanih u domaćinstvima iznosila je 3,3 %, tj. bila je značajno manja (P<0,01) nego u pasa držanih u velikim uzgajivačnicama (10 %). Dokazano je 10 različitih vrsta koagulaza negativnih stafilokoka otpornih na meticilin s najvećom prevalencijom za vrstu Staphylococcus haemolyticus. MRKNS izolati bili su otporni na makrolide (75 %) zbog erm(C) i msrA gena i tetraciklin (65 %) zbog posjedovanja tet(K) i/ili tet(M) gena. Stopa otpornosti na gentamicin bila je 50 % (što se pripisuje genima aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa) i na ko-trimoksal – 40 % (gen dfrG). Jedan izolat vrste S. lentus imao je gen dfrK. Svi izolati bili su osjetljivi na linezolid, daptomicin i vankomicin. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da uzgojne štenare mogu biti rezervoar sojeva MRKNS i mogu predstavljati rizik za širenje takvih sojeva za vrijeme parenja. Treba se usredotočiti na mogući prijenos višestruko otpornih sojeva vrste S. haemolyticus s kućnih ljubimaca na čovjeka s obzirom na to da ta vrsta ima važnu ulogu kao uzročnik infekcija u ljudi

Characteristics of unripened cow milk curd cheese enriched with raspberry (Rubus idaeus), blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and elderberry (Sambucus nigra) industry by-products

The aim of this study was to apply raspberry (Ras), blueberry (Blu) and elderberry (Eld) industry by-products (BIB) for unripened cow milk curd cheese (U-CC) enrichment. Firstly, antimicrobial properties of the BIBs were tested, and the effects of the immobilization in agar technology on BIB properties were evaluated. Further, non-immobilized (NI) and agar-immobilized (AI) BIBs were applied for U-CC enrichment, and their influence on U-CC parameters were analyzed. It was established that the tested BIBs possess desirable antimicrobial (raspberry BIB inhibited 7 out of 10 tested pathogens) and antioxidant activities (the highest total phenolic compounds (TPC) content was displayed by NI elderberry BIB 143.6 mg GAE/100 g). The addition of BIBs to U-CC increased TPC content and DPPH− (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)-radical scavenging activity of the U-CC (the highest TPC content was found in C-RaNI 184.5 mg/100 g, and strong positive correlation between TPC and DPPH− of the U-CC was found, r = 0.658). The predominant fatty acid group in U-CC was saturated fatty acids (SFA); however, the lowest content of SFA was unfolded in C-EldAI samples (in comparison with C, on average, by 1.6 times lower). The highest biogenic amine content was attained in C-EldAI (104.1 mg/kg). In total, 43 volatile compounds (VC) were identified in U-CC, and, in all cases, a broader spectrum of VCs was observed in U-CC enriched with BIBs. After 10 days of storage, the highest enterobacteria number was in C-BluNI (1.88 log10 CFU/g). All U-CC showed similar overall acceptability (on average, 8.34 points); however, the highest intensity of the emotion “happy” was expressed by testing C-EldNI. Finally, the BIBs are prospective ingredients for U-CC enrichment in a sustainable manner and improved nutritional traits.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Application of Baltic Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Needle Extract as a Gut Microbiota-Modulating Feed Supplement for Domestic Chickens (Gallus gallus)

Funding Information: This research was funded within the framework of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) program, grant number 18-00-A01620-000042. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.The valorization of wood industry residues is very desirable from a circular economy perspective. Pine needle extracts are known for their health-promoting properties and therefore can be used as herbal remedies and nutritional supplements. Since the withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters in the European Union, natural feed additives that improve poultry health and production are needed. It was proposed that pine needle extract could be a good alternative to antibiotic usage at sub-therapeutic concentrations. The results relevant to our assumption could be obtained by using domestic chickens as an in vivo model for the evaluation of gut microbiota-altering properties of pine needle extract as an herbal supplement. We tested the antimicrobial effects of Baltic pine (Pinus sylvestris) needle extract. Then, we used chicken (Gallus gallus) that received feed supplemented with two different concentrations of the extract for 40 days to evaluate the changes in gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This preliminary study demonstrated trends toward dose-dependent desirable changes in broiler microbiome, such as a reduction in the relative abundance of Campylobacter.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Macrolides and lincosamides in cattle and pigs : Use and development of antimicrobial resistance

Peer reviewe

Characterization of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from diseased dogs in Lithuania

The aim of this study was to characterize Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for its antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors with a special focus on methicillin-resistant (MRSP) strains isolated from sick dogs in Lithuania. Clinically sick adult dogs suffering from infections (n=214) and bitches with reproductive disorders (n=36) from kennels were selected for the study. Samples (n=192) from the 250 tested (76.8%) dogs were positive for Staphylococcus spp. Molecular profiling using the species-specific nuc gene identified 51 isolates as S. pseudintermedius (26.6% from a total number of isolated staphylococci) of which 15 isolates were identified as MRSP. Ten MRSP isolates were isolated from bitches with reproductive disorders from two large breeding kennels. Data on susceptibility of S. pseudintermedius to different antimicrobials revealed that all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid. Two isolates (3.9%) were resistant to rifampicin. A high resistance was seen towards penicillin G (94.1%), tetracycline (64.7%) and macrolides (68.7%). Resistance to fluoroquinolones ranged from 25.5% (gatifloxacin) to 31.4% (ciprofloxacin). The most prevalent genes encoding resistance included blaZ, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, mecA, and tet(M). The Luk-I gene encoding a leukotoxin was detected in 29% of the isolates, whereas the siet gene encoding exfoliative toxin was detected in 69% of the S. pseudintermedius isolates. This report of MRSP in companion animals represents a major challenge for veterinarians in terms of antibiotic therapy and is a concern for both animal and public health

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Enterococcus spp. from two poultry farms and proximate surface and ground water sites in an area of intensive poultry production were tested for resistance to 16 clinical antibiotics. Resistance patterns were compared to assess trends and possible correlations for specific antimicrobials and levels of resistance. Enterococci were detected at all 12 surface water sites and three of 28 ground water sites. Resistance to lincomycin, tetracycline, penicillin and ciprofloxacin in poultry litter isolates was high (80.3%, 65.3%, 61.1% and 49.6%, respectively). Resistance in the surface water to the same antibiotics was 87.1%, 24.1%, 7.6% and 12.9%, respectively. Overall, 86% of litter isolates, 58% of surface water isolates and 100% of ground water isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Fifty-four different resistance patterns were recognised in isolates obtained from litter and environmental samples and several E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from litter and environment samples shared the same resistance pattern. Multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) indices calculated to assess health risks due to the presence of resistant enterococci suggested an increased presence of antibiotics in surface water, likely from poultry sources as no other wastewater contributions in the area were documented

What has changed in canine pyoderma? A narrative review

Canine pyoderma is a common presentation in small animal practice and frequently leads to prescription of systemic antimicrobial agents. A good foundation of knowledge on pyoderma was established during the 1970s and 1980s, when treatment of infection provided relatively few challenges. However, the ability to treat canine pyoderma effectively is now limited substantially by the emergence of multidrug-resistant, methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and, in some countries, by restrictions on antimicrobial prescribing for pets. The threat from rising antimicrobial resistance and the zoonotic potential of MRS add a new dimension of public health implications to the management of canine pyoderma and necessitate a revisit and the search for new best management strategies. This narrative review focusses on the impact of MRS on how canine pyoderma is managed and how traditional treatment recommendations need to be updated in the interest of good antimicrobial stewardship. Background information on clinical characteristics, pathogens, and appropriate clinical and microbiological diagnostic techniques, are reviewed in so far as they can support early identification of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The potential of new approaches for the control and treatment of bacterial skin infections is examined and the role of owner education and hygiene is highlighted. Dogs with pyoderma offer opportunities for good antimicrobial stewardship by making use of the unique accessibility of the skin through cytology, bacterial culture and topical therapy. In order to achieve long term success and to limit the spread of multidrug resistance, there is a need to focus on identification and correction of underlying diseases that trigger pyoderma in order to avoid repeated treatment