138 research outputs found

    Empleo de bacterias lácticas con actividad cinamil esterasa como estrategia nutricional para la prevención del Síndrome Metabólico

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    Las cinamil esterasas (CE) son enzimas responsables de la liberación deácidos hidroxicinámicos a partir de sus formas esterificadas presentes en la paredcelular de cereales, frutas y verduras. Entre éstos ácidos, se encuentra el ácidoferúlico (AF), el cual es un compuesto fenólico con demostrada actividadantioxidante, hipoglucemiante e hipolipemiante, que puede ser empleado endiferentes enfermedades metabólicas. El Síndrome Metabólico (SM) es un conjuntode alteraciones metabólicas caracterizado principalmente por la presencia deobesidad abdominal, aumento de las concentraciones de triglicéridos, disminuciónde las concentraciones de HDL-colesterol, hipertensión arterial e hiperglucemia. ElSM incrementa el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes tipo 2,de manera que se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública importante entodo el mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo de tesis doctoral fue evaluar el empleo debacterias lácticas (BL) con actividad CE en un modelo murino de SM. Se estudiaron40 cepas de BL de las cuales se seleccionaron Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 (LfCRL1446) y Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1231 (Lj CRL1231) por su capacidad de liberarAF a partir de sustratos sintéticos y de salvado trigo, presentando alta actividadferuloil esterasa (FE). Estas bacterias resistieron las condiciones del tractogastrointestinal manteniendo tanto la viabilidad como su actividad FE, por lo cualfueron elegidas para realizar los estudios in vivo. Para ello se utilizaron ratonesAlbinos Suizos machos de 6 semanas de edad, los cuales fueron divididos en 4grupos y alimentados diariamente durante un período de 14 semanas con una dietaconvencional (grupo control) y una dieta rica en grasa suplementada con de salvadode trigo (3 grupos SM). Los ratones recibieron mediante gavage: agua (grupocontrol y grupo SM), Lf CRL1446 (grupo SM+Lf) y Lj CRL1231 (grupo SM+Lj). Ladosis de administración fue de 108 UFC/día/ratón. En los 4 grupos de estudio sedeterminaron: ganancia de peso corporal (GPC), índice de adiposidad (IAd),eficiencia alimentaria (EA), actividad FE intestinal y parámetros metabólicos (niveles plasmáticos de glucosa, insulina, leptina, colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, LDLcolesteroly triglicéridos). Además se realizó la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa(PTOG) y se determinó en contenidos de intestino grueso la producción de ácidosorgánicos y de metabolitos derivados del AF. Los resultados mostraron que la GPC,el IAd, la EA, los niveles plasmáticos de colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, triglicéridos,glucosa, insulina y leptina, como así también el área bajo la curva en la PTOG,tuvieron un aumento significativo en el grupo SM con respecto al grupo control. Enlos grupos SM que recibieron las cepas probióticas se observó para todas lasdeterminaciones anteriores una reducción con respecto al grupo SM. La actividad FEintestinal, los niveles plasmáticos de HDL-colesterol, así como la producción deácidos orgánicos y los metabolitos del AF en el colon, mostraron un aumento en losratones SM+Lf y SM+Lj, respecto al grupo SM. De acuerdo a los resultadosobtenidos, la administración oral de las cepas Lf CRL1446 y Lj CRL1231 aumenta laactividad FE intestinal, mejorando los marcadores bioquímicos del SM, por lo cualpodría emplearse como una estrategia nutricional en la prevención de estapatología.Cinnamoyl esterases (CE) are enzymes responsible for the release of hydroxycinnamic acids from their esterified forms present in the cell wall of cereals, fruits and vegetables. Among these acids, ferulic acid (FA) is found, which is a phenolic compound with proven antioxidant, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering activity, which can be used in different metabolic diseases. The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized mainly by the presence of abdominal obesity, increased triglyceride concentrations, decreased HDL-cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and hyperglycemia. The MS increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, so that it has become a major public health problem throughout the world. The objective of this doctoral thesis was to evaluate the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with CE activity in a murine model of MS. We studied 40 strains of LAB from which Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 (Lf CRL1446) and Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1231 (Lj CRL1231) were selected for their ability to release FA from synthetic substrates and from wheat bran, presenting high activity feruloyl esterase (FE). These bacteria withstood the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract maintaining both the viability and their FE activity, for which they were chosen to carry out the studies in vivo. To this end, male Swiss albino mice of 6 weeks of age were used, which were divided into 4 groups and fed daily for a period of 14 weeks with a conventional diet (control group) and a diet rich in fat supplemented with wheat bran (3 SM groups). The mice received by gavage: water (control group and SM group), Lf CRL1446 (group SM+Lf) and Lj CRL1231 (group SM+Lj). The administration dose was 108 CFU/day/mouse. In the 4 study groups were determined: body weight gain (BWG), adiposity index (AI), food efficiency (FEF), intestinal FE activity and metabolic parameters (plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides). In addition, the oral glucose tolerance test (PTGO) was performed and the production of organic acids and metabolites derived from AF was determined in large intestine contents. The results showed that BWG, AI, FEF, the plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin and leptin, as well as the area under the curve in the PTGO, had a significant increase in the SM group with respect to the control group. In the SM groups that received the probiotic strains, a reduction was observed for all the previous determinations with respect to the SM group. Intestinal FE activity, plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol, as well as the production of organic acids and FA metabolites in the colon, showed an increase in the SM+Lf and SM+Lj mice, with respect to the SM group. According to the results obtained, the oral administration of the strains Lf CRL1446 and Lj CRL1231 increases the intestinal FE activity, improving the biochemical markers of the MS, so it could be used as a nutritional strategy in the prevention of this pathology.Fil: Russo, Matias Irineo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

    Modulation of intestinal microbiota and immunometabolic parameters by caloric restriction and lactic acid bacteria

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    The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a caloric restriction diet with and without the administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446, Lactobacillus casei CRL431 and Lactococcus lactis CRL1434, on immunemetabolic parameters and the composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. The supplementation of the caloric restriction diet with L. fermentum CRL1446 showed a bifidogenic effect and was able to maintain the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus over time. On the other hand, this strain showed hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic properties as well as inducing a decrease in plasma leptin levels. L. casei CRL431 administration increased the abundance of the Lactobacillus genera in the intestinal microbiota, which would improve the absorption of nutrients from the diet. This strain restores glucose values decreased by the diet in addition to inducing an increase in leptin and cytokines. Lac. lactis CRL1434 showed greater immunomodulatory capacity, without significantly affecting the composition of the intestinal microbiota. It had hypoglycemic properties and induced a decrease in leptin concentrations. L. fermentum CRL1446 and Lac. lactis CRL1434 could be potentially probiotic strains useful to correct the immuno-metabolic alterations associated with obesity, while L. casei CRL431 is a more suitable strain to be used in cases of malnutrition where it is sought to improve the absorption of nutrients and protection against infections, in addition to the stimulation of the immune system.Fil: Fabersani Marrades, Mario Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Russo, Matias Irineo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Márquez, María Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Abeijon Mukdsi, Maria Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; ArgentinaFil: Gauffin Cano, María Paola. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

    A STS study in the approach of animal anatomy and physiology in high school

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    Se presenta una propuesta para la enseñanza de la Fisiología y Anatomía animal en un curso de Biología a partir del estudio y situaciones problemáticas de la vaca y la carne bovina. La secuencia didáctica denominada “Anatomía y química de la vaca que comemos” incluyó diferentes tipos de actividades: cuestionarios de preguntas abiertas sobre saberes previos, interpretación de información escrita y resolución de situaciones problemáticas a partir de productos cárnicos, discusión sobre películas y trabajo experimental de laboratorio con diferentes cortes bovinos. La metodología implementada resultó motivadora para alumnos que en general muestran una resistencia hacia el estudio de la biología. Por otro lado, surgiendo varios interrogantes a ser abordados, permitiendo incorporar los contenidos curriculares a partir de temas de la vida cotidiana como lo es la alimentación.Uma proposta para o ensino de Fisiologia animal e Anatomia nos diferentes temas da Biologia é apresentada a partir do estudo e situações problemáticas da vaca e da carne bovina. A seqüência didática chamado “Anatomia e química vaca come” incluía diferentes tipos de actividades: questionários questões em aberto sobre o conhecimento prévio, a interpretação da escrita e resolução de situações problemáticas de produtos de carne informação, discussão sobre filmes e trabalhos experimentais laboratório com diferentes cortes bovinos. A metodologia implementada foi motivadora para os alunos que geralmente mostram uma resistência ao estudo da biologia. Por outro lado, surgindo várias questões a serem abordadas, permitindo incorporar o currículo, bem como questões não relacionadas com o assunto, mas com a vida diária deles. Assim, alcançar o objetivo principal da educação CTS: trazer os alunos para os problemas e situações que os cercam.A proposal for the teaching of Animal Physiology and Anatomy in a Biology course is presented from the study and problematic situations of the cow and beef. The didactic sequence called “Anatomy and chemistry of the cow that we eat” included different types of activities: questionnaires of open questions about previous knowledge, interpretation of written information and resolution of problematic situations from meat products, discussion about films and experimental work of laboratory with different bovine cuts. The methodology implemented was motivating for students who generally show a resistance to the study of biology. On the other hand, several questions arise to be addressed, allowing the incorporation of curricular contents from everyday life issues such as food.Fil: Lampert, Damian Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Russo, Matias. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

    Conservation Medicine: a STS approach to environmental, food and health education

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    En la actualidad, han surgido numerosos campos del conocimiento relacionados a la problemática ambiental, alimentaria y de salud, producto de la interacción humana con el ambiente. A través del conocimiento de estas áreas, pueden abordarse temáticas que permiten una comprensión de aspectos de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Sociedad. En este trabajo, se presenta una aplicación educativa denominada “Medicina de la Conservación” (MdlC), una disciplina que engloba, bajo una única salud, a la salud animal, humana y del ambiente. En el presente artículo se emplea la MdlC como herramienta educativa para incorporar contenidos CTS dentro del área de las ciencias naturales y, además, fomentar el Pensamiento Crítico. Se desarrolla una Unidad Didáctica, UD aplicada a tres grupos: uno de nivel medio de una escuela agropecuaria, otro de formación del profesorado y por último, un grupo de estudiantes de ingeniería en alimentos. La UD incluyó el abordaje de las Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos (ETA) y las zoonosis en diferentes espacios como la granja de la escuela, los zoológicos, los bioparques y los parques nacionales. Para la evaluación de la UD, se utilizó un cuestionario y el formato de entrevista del proyecto: Educación de las competencias científica, tecnológica y pensamiento crítico mediante la enseñanza de temas de naturaleza de ciencia y tecnología (CYTPENCRI). De los resultados se destacan el interés, la motivación y el desarrollo de toma de decisiones por parte del estudiantado frente a las zoonosis y ETA a partir del abordaje desde la MdlC.Currently, numerous fields of knowledge have emerged related to environmental, food and health problems, as a result of human interaction with the environment. Through knowledge of these areas, topics that allow an understanding of aspects of Science, Technology and Society can be addressed. In this work, an educational application called “Conservation Medicine” (CM) is presented, a discipline that encompasses, under a single health, animal, human and environmental health. In this article, the CM is used as an educational tool to incorporate CTS content within the natural sciences area and, in addition, to promote Critical Thinking. A Didactic Unit is developed, DU applied to three groups: one of medium level of an agricultural school, another of teacher training and finally, a group of students of food engineering. The DU included the approach of Foodborne Diseases (FD) and zoonoses in different spaces such as the school farm, zoos, bioparks and national parks. For the evaluation of the DU, a questionnaire and the interview format of the project were used: Education of scientific, technological and critical thinking skills through the teaching of subjects of a science and technology nature (CYTPENCRI). The results highlight the interest, motivation and the development of decision-making by the students against zoonoses and FD from the approach from the CM.Atualmente, surgiram inúmeras áreas do conhecimento relacionadas a problemas ambientais, alimentares e de saúde, como resultado da interação humana com o meio ambiente. Através do conhecimento dessas áreas, podem ser abordados tópicos que permitem o entendimento entre os aspectos da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma aplicação educacional denominada “Medicina de Conservação” (MdC), disciplina que engloba, sob uma única saúde, saúde animal, humana e ambiental. Neste artigo, o MdC é usado como uma ferramenta educacional para incorporar o conteúdo da CTS na área de ciências naturais e, além disso, para promover o Pensamento Crítico. É desenvolvida uma Unidade Didática (UD), aplicada a três grupos: um de nível médio de uma escola agrícola, outro de formação de professores e, finalmente, um grupo de estudantes de engenharia de alimentos. A UD incluiu a abordagem de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTA) e zoonoses em diferentes espaços, como a fazenda da escola, zoológicos, bioparques e parques nacionais. Para a avaliação da UD, utilizou-se um questionário e o formato de entrevista do projeto: Educação de habilidades de pensamento científico, tecnológico e crítico por meio do ensino de disciplinas de natureza científica e tecnológica (CYTPENCRI). Os resultados destacam o interesse, a motivação e o desenvolvimento da tomada de decisões dos estudantes contra zoonoses e DTA a partir da abordagem do MdC.Fil: Lampert, Damian Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Russo, Matias. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Scandroglio, Natalia. No especifíca;Fil: Roncaglia, Diana Inés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentin

    Enzymatic Inactivation of Oxysterols in Breast Tumor Cells Constraints Metastasis Formation by Reprogramming the Metastatic Lung Microenvironment

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    Recent evidence indicates that immune cells contribute to the formation of tumor metastases by regulating the pre-metastatic niche. Whether tumor-derived factors involved in primary tumor formation play a role in metastasis formation is poorly characterized. Oxysterols act as endogenous regulators of lipid metabolism through the interaction with the nuclear Liver X Receptors-(LXR)alpha and LXR beta. In the context of tumor development, they establish a pro-tumor environment by dampening antitumor immune responses, and by recruiting pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive neutrophils. However, the ability of LXR/oxysterol axis to promote tumor invasion and metastasis by exploiting immune cells, is still up to debate. In this study we provide evidence that oxysterols participate in the primary growth of orthotopically implanted 4T1 breast tumors by establishing a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Furthermore, we show that oxysterols are involved in the metastatic spread of 4T1 breast tumors, since their enzymatic inactivation mediated by the sulfotransferase 2B1b, reduces the number of metastatic cells in the lungs of tumor-bearing mice. Finally, we provide evidence that oxysterols support the metastatic cascade by modifying the lung metastatic niche, particularly allowing the recruitment of tumor-promoting neutrophils. These results identify a possible new metastatic pathway to target in order to prevent metastasis formation in breast cancer patients

    Oral administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 improves biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with wheat bran

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    This work aimed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of probiotic Lactobacillus (L.) fermentum CRL1446, with feruloyl esterase (FE) activity, on metabolic biomarkers and intestinal microbiota of mice with high fat diet-induced Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and supplemented with wheat bran as a source ofesterified ferulic acid. Six-week-old male Swiss albino mice developed the components of MS when fed with high fat diet supplemented with wheat bran (HFD + WB) for 14 weeks. Positive impact of L. fermentum CRL1446 administration on these animals was reflected in a decrease in body weight gain and adiposity index compared to the animals that did not receive the probiotic strain. In addition, a decrease in plasma leptin levels, improvement of inflammatory profile, reduction of fatty infiltration in hepatocytes and modification of lipid profile (increased HDL-cholesterol and decreased LDL-cholesteroland triglyceride levels) were observed. On the other hand, L. fermentum CRL1446 reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, improving the HOMA index in mice with MS. Postprandial glucose levels were also reduced in the oral glucose tolerance test. Consumption of L. fermentum CRL1446 with HFD + WB (HFD + WB-Lf mice group) had a great impact on host metabolism, modulating intestinal microbiota, with an increase in Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Firmicutes abundance being observed. Increased intestinal FE activity, improved oxidative status and increased abundance of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid andbutyric acid concentration in colonic content, were also demonstrated in HFD + WB-Lf mice. Results obtained suggest that supplementation with L. fermentum CRL1446 enhances beneficial effects of a bran diet, attenuating the risk factors associated with MS.Fil: Russo, Matias Irineo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Márquez, María Antonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, Héctor Matías. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Abeijon Mukdsi, Maria Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Saavedra, Maria Lucila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Hebert, Elvira Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Gauffin Cano, María Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentin

    Bistability breaks-off deterministic responses to intracortical stimulation during non-REM sleep

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    During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (stage N3), when consciousness fades, cortico-cortical interactions are impaired while neurons are still active and reactive. Why is this? We compared cortico-cortical evoked-potentials recorded during wakefulness and NREM by means of time-frequency analysis and phase-locking measures in 8 epileptic patients undergoing intra-cerebral stimulations/recordings for clinical evaluation. We observed that, while during wakefulness electrical stimulation triggers a chain of deterministic phase-locked activations in its cortical targets, during NREM the same input induces a slow wave associated with an OFF-period (suppression of power > 20 Hz), possibly reflecting a neuronal down-state. Crucially, after the OFF-period, cortical activity resumes to wakefulness-like levels, but the deterministic effects of the initial input are lost, as indicated by a sharp drop of phase-locked activity. These findings suggest that the intrinsic tendency of cortical neurons to fall into a down-state after a transient activation (i.e. bistability) prevents the emergence of stable patterns of causal interactions among cortical areas during NREM. Besides sleep, the same basic neurophysiological dynamics may play a role in pathological conditions in which thalamo-cortical information integration and consciousness are impaired in spite of preserved neuronal activity. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.Peer reviewe

    Endocannabinoids-related compounds in gastrointestinal diseases

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    The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an endogenous signalling pathway involved in the control of several gastrointestinal (GI) functions at both peripheral and central levels. In recent years, it has become apparent that the ECS is pivotal in the regulation of GI motility, secretion and sensitivity, but endocannabinoids (ECs) are also involved in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier permeability, suggesting their role in the pathophysiology of both functional and organic GI disorders. Genetic studies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease have indeed shown significant associations with polymorphisms or mutation in genes encoding for cannabinoid receptor or enzyme responsible for their catabolism, respectively. Furthermore, ongoing clinical trials are testing EC agonists/antagonists in the achievement of symptomatic relief from a number of GI symptoms. Despite this evidence, there is a lack of supportive RCTs and relevant data in human beings, and hence, the possible therapeutic application of these compounds is raising ethical, political and economic concerns. More recently, the identification of several EC-like compounds able to modulate ECS function without the typical central side effects of cannabino-mimetics has paved the way for emerging peripherally acting drugs. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms linking the ECS to GI disorders and describes the most recent advances in the manipulation of the ECS in the treatment of GI diseases

    Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for adult patients with stroke

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    Se estima que dos tercios de las personas que han sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) tienen secuelas que condicionan su calidad de vida. La rehabilitación del ACV es un proceso complejo, que requiere de un equipo multidisciplinario de profesionales especializados (médicos, kinesiólogos, enfermeros, terapistas ocupacionales, fonoaudiólogos, neuropsicólogos y nutricionistas). Actualmente, las prácticas realizadas en rehabilitación son consecuencia de la combinación de evidencia y consenso, siendo la mayoría aportadas a través de guías internacionales de rehabilitación en ACV. El objetivo de esta revisión es ajustar las recomendaciones internacionales sobre rehabilitación a lo aplicado a la práctica diaria, a fin de unificar criterios en las recomendaciones y reducir la variabilidad de las prácticas empleadas. En este trabajo, se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre las guías de rehabilitación en ACV realizadas en los últimos 10 años y cada apartado fue supervisado por distintos profesionales especializados en dichas áreas. Se analizaron los tiempos y organización necesaria para desarrollarla, las recomendaciones para la rehabilitación motora, cognitiva y visual, el tratamiento de la disfagia y nutrición, de las comorbilidades (trombosis venosa, úlceras cutáneas, dolor, trastornos psiquiátricos, osteoporosis) y las tareas necesarias para favorecer el retorno a las actividades de la vida diaria.It is estimated that two thirds of people who have suffered a stroke have sequels that condition their quality of life. The rehabilitation of the stroke is a complex process, which requires the multidisciplinary approach of specialized professionals (doctors, kinesiologists, nurses, occupational therapists, phonoaudiologists, neuropsychologists and nutritionists). Currently, the practices carried out are a consequence of the combination of evidence and consensus, most of them through international stroke rehabilitation guides. The objective of this review is to adjust the international recommendations on stroke rehabilitation to what is applied to daily practice, in order to unify the criteria of the recommendations and to reduce the variability of the practices carried out. This work is a review of the literature on stroke rehabilitation guides developed in the last 10 years. Each section was supervised by different professionals specialized in these areas. We analyze the time and organization necessary to develop rehabilitation, recommendations for motor, cognitive and visual rehabilitation, the management of dysphagia and nutrition, the approach of comorbidities (venous thrombosis, skin ulcers, pain, psychiatric disorders and osteoporosis) and the necessary tasks to favor the return to the activities of daily life.Fil: Alessandro, Lucas. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Olmos, Lisandro. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Bonamico, Lucas. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Muzio, Diana M.. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Ahumada, Martina H.. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Russo, María Julieta. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Allegri, Ricardo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Gianella, Matias G.. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Campora, Horacio. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Delorme, Ricardo. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Vescovo, Maria Esther. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Lado, Vanina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Mastroberti, Liliana R.. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Butus, Ayelen. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Galluzzi, Hugo D.. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Décima, Graciela. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Ameriso, Sebastian Francisco. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentin

    Digital Pixel Test Structures implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process

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    The ALICE ITS3 (Inner Tracking System 3) upgrade project and the CERN EP R&D on monolithic pixel sensors are investigating the feasibility of the Tower Partners Semiconductor Co. 65 nm process for use in the next generation of vertex detectors. The ITS3 aims to employ wafer-scale Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors thinned down to 20 to 40 um and bent to form truly cylindrical half barrels. Among the first critical steps towards the realisation of this detector is to validate the sensor technology through extensive characterisation both in the laboratory and with in-beam measurements. The Digital Pixel Test Structure (DPTS) is one of the prototypes produced in the first sensor submission in this technology and has undergone a systematic measurement campaign whose details are presented in this article. The results confirm the goals of detection efficiency and non-ionising and ionising radiation hardness up to the expected levels for ALICE ITS3 and also demonstrate operation at +20 C and a detection efficiency of 99% for a DPTS irradiated with a dose of 101510^{15} 1 MeV neq/_{\mathrm{eq}}/cm2^2. Furthermore, spatial, timing and energy resolutions were measured at various settings and irradiation levels.Comment: Updated threshold calibration method. Implemented colorblind friendly color palette in all figures. Updated reference
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