1,538 research outputs found
Evaluation of bioadhesive capacity and immunoadjuvant properties of vitamin B(12)-Gantrez nanoparticles.
PURPOSE: To design bioadhesive Gantrez AN (poly[methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic
anhydride], PVM/MA) nanoparticles (NP) coated with Vitamin B12 (Vit B12), and
investigate their application in oral antigen delivery.
METHODS: The association of Vit B12 to Gantrez AN nanoparticles was performed by
the direct attachment of reactive Vit B12 to the surface of the nanoparticles (NPB), or
linking to the copolymer chains in dimethylformamide prior to NP formation (NPBDMF).
Nanoparticles were characterized by measuring the size, zeta potential, Vit B12
association efficacy, and stability of Vit B12 on the surface of the nanoparticles. In vivo
bioadhesion study was performed by the oral administration of fluorescently-labeled
nanoparticle formulations to rats. Both systemic and mucosal immune responses were
evaluated after oral and subcutaneous immunization with ovalbumin (OVA) containing
Vit B12-coated nanoparticles.
RESULTS: The Vit B12 nanoparticles displayed homogenous size distribution with a
mean diameter of about 200 nm and a negative surface charge. The association
efficiency of Vit B12 to NPB-DMF formulation was about two times higher than to the
NPB, showing also a higher surface stability of Vit B12. The bioadhesion study
demonstrated that NPB-DMF had an important tropism to the distal portions of the gut,
which was about 2 and 3.5 times higher than the tropism observed for NPB and control
NP, respectively (P< 0.05). Oral administration of OVA-NPB-DMF induced also
stronger and more balanced serum anti-OVA titers of IgG2a (Th1) and IgG1 (Th2)
compared to control OVA-NP. In addition, oral immunization with OVA-NPB-DMF
induced a higher mucosal IgA response than subcutaneous administration.
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the benefits of bioadhesive Vit B12-coated
nanoparticles in oral antigen delivery eliciting systemic and mucosal immune response
Embodied cognitive ecosophy: the relationship of mind, body, meaning and ecology
The concept of embodied cognition has had a major impact in a number of disciplines. The extent of its consequences on general knowledge and epistemology are still being explored. Embodied cognition in human geography has its own traditions and discourses but these have become somewhat isolated in the discipline itself. This paper argues that findings in other disciplines are of value in reconceptualising embodied cognition in human geography and this is explored by reconsidering the concept of ecosophy. Criticisms of ecosophy as a theory are considered and recent work in embodied cognition is applied to consider how such criticisms might be addressed. An updated conceptualisation is proposed, the embodied cognitive ecosophy, and three characteristics arising from this criticism and synthesis are presented with a view to inform future discussions of ecosophy and emotional geography
Short Timescale Evolution of the Polarized Radio Jet during V404 Cygni's 2015 Outburst
We present a high time resolution, multi-frequency linear polarization
analysis of Very Large Array (VLA) radio observations during some of the
brightest radio flaring (~1 Jy) activity of the 2015 outburst of V404 Cygni.
The VLA simultaneously captured the radio evolution in two bands (each with two
1 GHz base-bands), recorded at 5/7 GHz and 21/26 GHz, allowing for a broadband
polarimetric analysis. Given the source's high flux densities, we were able to
measure polarization on timescales of ~13 minutes, constituting one of the
highest temporal resolution radio polarimetric studies of a black hole X-ray
binary (BHXB) outburst to date. Across all base-bands, we detect variable,
weakly linearly polarized emission (<1%) with a single, bright peak in the
time-resolved polarization fraction, consistent with an origin in an evolving,
dynamic jet component. We applied two independent polarimetric methods to
extract the intrinsic electric vector position angles and rotation measures
from the 5 and 7 GHz base-band data and detected a variable intrinsic
polarization angle, indicative of a rapidly evolving local environment or a
complex magnetic field geometry. Comparisons to the simultaneous,
spatially-resolved observations taken with the Very Long Baseline Array at 15.6
GHz, do not show a significant connection between the jet ejections and the
polarization state.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted by MNRA
RELICS: Strong Lens Models for Five Galaxy Clusters From the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
Strong gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters magnifies background
galaxies, enhancing our ability to discover statistically significant samples
of galaxies at z>6, in order to constrain the high-redshift galaxy luminosity
functions. Here, we present the first five lens models out of the Reionization
Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS) Hubble Treasury Program, based on new HST
WFC3/IR and ACS imaging of the clusters RXC J0142.9+4438, Abell 2537, Abell
2163, RXC J2211.7-0349, and ACT-CLJ0102-49151. The derived lensing
magnification is essential for estimating the intrinsic properties of
high-redshift galaxy candidates, and properly accounting for the survey volume.
We report on new spectroscopic redshifts of multiply imaged lensed galaxies
behind these clusters, which are used as constraints, and detail our strategy
to reduce systematic uncertainties due to lack of spectroscopic information. In
addition, we quantify the uncertainty on the lensing magnification due to
statistical and systematic errors related to the lens modeling process, and
find that in all but one cluster, the magnification is constrained to better
than 20% in at least 80% of the field of view, including statistical and
systematic uncertainties. The five clusters presented in this paper span the
range of masses and redshifts of the clusters in the RELICS program. We find
that they exhibit similar strong lensing efficiencies to the clusters targeted
by the Hubble Frontier Fields within the WFC3/IR field of view. Outputs of the
lens models are made available to the community through the Mikulski Archive
for Space TelescopesComment: Accepted to Ap
The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: Survey Design and First Data Release
The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey is a survey of 240,000 emission line galaxies
in the distant universe, measured with the AAOmega spectrograph on the 3.9-m
Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). The target galaxies are selected using
ultraviolet photometry from the GALEX satellite, with a flux limit of NUV<22.8
mag. The redshift range containing 90% of the galaxies is 0.2<z<1.0. The
primary aim of the survey is to precisely measure the scale of baryon acoustic
oscillations (BAO) imprinted on the spatial distribution of these galaxies at
look-back times of 4-8 Gyrs. Detailed forecasts indicate the survey will
measure the BAO scale to better than 2% and the tangential and radial acoustic
wave scales to approximately 3% and 5%, respectively.
This paper provides a detailed description of the survey and its design, as
well as the spectroscopic observations, data reduction, and redshift
measurement techniques employed. It also presents an analysis of the properties
of the target galaxies, including emission line diagnostics which show that
they are mostly extreme starburst galaxies, and Hubble Space Telescope images,
which show they contain a high fraction of interacting or distorted systems. In
conjunction with this paper, we make a public data release of data for the
first 100,000 galaxies measured for the project.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS; this has some figures in low resolution format.
Full resolution PDF version (7MB) available at
http://www.physics.uq.edu.au/people/mjd/pub/wigglez1.pdf The WiggleZ home
page is at http://wigglez.swin.edu.au
Terminology for chain polymerization (IUPAC Recommendations 2021)
Chain polymerizations are defined as chain reactions where the propagation steps occur by reaction between monomer(s) and active site(s) on the polymer chains with regeneration of the active site(s) at each step. Many forms of chain polymerization can be distinguished according to the mechanism of the propagation step (e.g., cyclopolymerization – when rings are formed, condensative chain polymerization – when propagation is a condensation reaction, group-transfer polymerization, polyinsertion, ring-opening polymerization – when rings are opened), whether they involve a termination step or not (e.g., living polymerization – when termination is absent, reversible-deactivation polymerization), whether a transfer step is involved (e.g., degenerative-transfer polymerization), and the type of chain carrier or active site (e.g., radical, ion, electrophile, nucleophile, coordination complex). The objective of this document is to provide a language for describing chain polymerizations that is both readily understandable and self-consistent, and which covers recent developments in this rapidly evolving field
Terminology for chain polymerization (IUPAC Recommendations 2021)
Chain polymerizations are defined as chain reactions where the propagation steps occur by reaction between monomer(s) and active site(s) on the polymer chains with regeneration of the active site(s) at each step. Many forms of chain polymerization can be distinguished according to the mechanism of the propagation step (e.g., cyclopolymerization – when rings are formed, condensative chain polymerization – when propagation is a condensation reaction, group-transfer polymerization, polyinsertion, ring-opening polymerization – when rings are opened), whether they involve a termination step or not (e.g., living polymerization – when termination is absent, reversible-deactivation polymerization), whether a transfer step is involved (e.g., degenerative-transfer polymerization), and the type of chain carrier or active site (e.g., radical, ion, electrophile, nucleophile, coordination complex). The objective of this document is to provide a language for describing chain polymerizations that is both readily understandable and self-consistent, and which covers recent developments in this rapidly evolving field
Terminology for chain polymerization (IUPAC Recommendations 2021)
Chain polymerizations are defined as chain reactions where the propagation steps occur by reaction between monomer(s) and active site(s) on the polymer chains with regeneration of the active site(s) at each step. Many forms of chain polymerization can be distinguished according to the mechanism of the propagation step (e.g., cyclopolymerization – when rings are formed, condensative chain polymerization – when propagation is a condensation reaction, group-transfer polymerization, polyinsertion, ring-opening polymerization – when rings are opened), whether they involve a termination step or not (e.g., living polymerization – when termination is absent, reversible-deactivation polymerization), whether a transfer step is involved (e.g., degenerative-transfer polymerization), and the type of chain carrier or active site (e.g., radical, ion, electrophile, nucleophile, coordination complex). The objective of this document is to provide a language for describing chain polymerizations that is both readily understandable and self-consistent, and which covers recent developments in this rapidly evolving field
Terminology for chain polymerization (IUPAC Recommendations 2021)
Chain polymerizations are defined as chain reactions where the propagation steps occur by reaction between monomer(s) and active site(s) on the polymer chains with regeneration of the active site(s) at each step. Many forms of chain polymerization can be distinguished according to the mechanism of the propagation step (e.g., cyclopolymerization – when rings are formed, condensative chain polymerization – when propagation is a condensation reaction, group-transfer polymerization, polyinsertion, ring-opening polymerization – when rings are opened), whether they involve a termination step or not (e.g., living polymerization – when termination is absent, reversible-deactivation polymerization), whether a transfer step is involved (e.g., degenerative-transfer polymerization), and the type of chain carrier or active site (e.g., radical, ion, electrophile, nucleophile, coordination complex). The objective of this document is to provide a language for describing chain polymerizations that is both readily understandable and self-consistent, and which covers recent developments in this rapidly evolving field
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