Seminarium naukowe „Prawo międzynarodowe, unijne i bankowe wobec zbrojnej agresji Rosji na Ukrainę”, 9 marca 2022 roku

W reakcji na inwazję Rosji na Ukrainę rozpoczętą 24 lutego 2022 roku Zakład Prawa Europejskiego Instytutu Nauk Prawnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk zorganizował 9 marca 2022 roku seminarium naukowe „Prawo międzynarodowe, unijne i bankowe wobec zbrojnej agresji Rosji na Ukrainę”. Wydarzenie to odbyło się za pośrednictwem platformy Microsoft Teams, dzięki czemu udało się zgromadzić uczestników z Polski i Ukrainy

ERAS protocol in the treatment of older people

Prylińska Monika, Husejko Jakub, Skierkowska Natalia, Bieniek Daria, Rupniak Iga, Wycech Alicja, Gaborek Patryk, Osiak Joanna, Rozmarynowicz Ewa, Gajos Małgorzata, Topka Weronika, Kudanowska Agnieszka ,Kędziora - Kornatowska Kornelia. ERAS protocol in the treatment of older people. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(3):279-289. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2596527 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6701 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/907885 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.02.2019. Revised: 15.02.2019. Accepted: 17.03.2019. ERAS protocol in the treatment of older people Monika Prylińska2, Jakub Husejko1, Natalia Skierkowska1, Daria Bieniek1, Iga Rupniak1, Alicja Wycech1, Patryk Gaborek1, Joanna Osiak1, Ewa Rozmarynowicz1, Małgorzata Gajos1, Weronika Topka1, Agnieszka Kudanowska1, Kornelia Kędziora - Kornatowska1 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 2. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, Bydgoszcz, Poland Abstract Background: The guidelines for elderly recommend nutritional assessment in order to prevent malnutrition and make fast recovery after operation and mobilization possible. The ERAS protocol shortens the length of hospital stay and reduces the complication rate. Material and methods: A systematic review of published literature has been done for the factors reported to predict outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) among the elderly patients. Results: The improvement of treatment effects must be supported by a multidisciplinary medical team involved in the whole process with holistic approach which reduces time of regeneration and cost of health care Conclusions: ERAS protocol implementation is highly beneficial for operated patients due to faster recovery and strong psychological support by providing information concerning the perioperative period and reducing stress caused by the surgery. However, must be supported by a team of professional medical staff. Key words: enhanced recovery after surgery, perioperative care, older peopl

An Instruction on the In Vivo Shell-Less Chorioallantoic Membrane 3-Dimensional Tumor Spheroid Model

The traditional shell chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model has been used extensively in cancer research to study tumor growth and angiogenesis. Here we present a combined in vivo tumor spheroid and shell-less CAM three-dimensional model for use in quantitative and qualitative analysis. With this model, the angiogenic and tumorigenic environments can be generated locally without exogenous growth factors. This physiological model offers a stable, static and flat environment that features a large working area and wider field of view useful for imaging and biomedical engineering applications. The short experimental time frame allows for rapid data acquisition, screening and validation of biomedical devices. The method and application of this shell-less model are discussed in detail, providing a useful tool for biomedical engineering research

Transcription profiling reveals potential mechanisms of dysbiosis in the oral microbiome of rhesus macaques with chronic untreated SIV infection.

A majority of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have inadequate access to antiretroviral therapy and ultimately develop debilitating oral infections that often correlate with disease progression. Due to the impracticalities of conducting host-microbe systems-based studies in HIV infected patients, we have evaluated the potential of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaques to serve as a non-human primate model for oral manifestations of HIV disease. We present the first description of the rhesus macaque oral microbiota and show that a mixture of human commensal bacteria and "macaque versions" of human commensals colonize the tongue dorsum and dental plaque. Our findings indicate that SIV infection results in chronic activation of antiviral and inflammatory responses in the tongue mucosa that may collectively lead to repression of epithelial development and impact the microbiome. In addition, we show that dysbiosis of the lingual microbiome in SIV infection is characterized by outgrowth of Gemella morbillorum that may result from impaired macrophage function. Finally, we provide evidence that the increased capacity of opportunistic pathogens (e.g. E. coli) to colonize the microbiome is associated with reduced production of antimicrobial peptides

Small but crucial : the novel small heat shock protein Hsp21 mediates stress adaptation and virulence in Candida albicans

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Cisplatin-induced emesis: systematic review and meta-analysis of the ferret model and the effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists

PURPOSE: The ferret cisplatin emesis model has been used for ~30 years and enabled identification of clinically used anti-emetics. We provide an objective assessment of this model including efficacy of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists to assess its translational validity. METHODS: A systematic review identified available evidence and was used to perform meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 182 potentially relevant publications, 115 reported cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets and 68 were included in the analysis. The majority (n = 53) used a 10 mg kg(−1) dose to induce acute emesis, which peaked after 2 h. More recent studies (n = 11) also used 5 mg kg(−1), which induced a biphasic response peaking at 12 h and 48 h. Overall, 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists reduced cisplatin (5 mg kg(−1)) emesis by 68% (45–91%) during the acute phase (day 1) and by 67% (48–86%) and 53% (38–68%, all P < 0.001), during the delayed phase (days 2, 3). In an analysis focused on the acute phase, the efficacy of ondansetron was dependent on the dosage and observation period but not on the dose of cisplatin. CONCLUSION: Our analysis enabled novel findings to be extracted from the literature including factors which may impact on the applicability of preclinical results to humans. It reveals that the efficacy of ondansetron is similar against low and high doses of cisplatin. Additionally, we showed that 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists have a similar efficacy during acute and delayed emesis, which provides a novel insight into the pharmacology of delayed emesis in the ferret

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A autoreceptor adaptive changes in substance P (neurokinin 1) receptor knock-out mice mimic antidepressant-induced desensitization

Antagonists at substance P receptors of the neurokinin 1 (NK1) type have been shown to represent a novel class of antidepressant drugs, with comparable clinical efficacy to the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Because 5-HT 1A receptors may be critically involved in the mechanisms of action of SSRIs, we examined whether these receptors could also be affected in a model of whole-life blockade of NK1 receptors, i.e. knock-out mice lacking the latter receptors (NK1Ϫ/Ϫ). 5-HT 1A receptor labeling by the selective antagonist radioligand receptor agonist ipsapirone to inhibit the discharge of serotoninergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus within brainstem slices, and reduced hypothermic response to 8-OH-DPAT, were noted in NK1Ϫ/Ϫ versus NK1ϩ/ϩ mice. On the other hand, cortical 5-HT overflow caused by systemic injection of the SSRI paroxetine was four-to sixfold higher in freely moving NK1Ϫ/Ϫ mutants than in wild-type NK1ϩ/ϩ mice. Accordingly, the constitutive lack of NK1 receptors appears to be associated with a downregulation/functional desensitization of 5-HT 1A autoreceptors resembling that induced by chronic treatment with SSRI antidepressants. Double immunocytochemical labeling experiments suggest that such a heteroregulation of 5-HT 1A autoreceptors in NK1Ϫ/Ϫ mutants does not reflect the existence of direct NK1-5-HT 1A receptor interactions in normal mice

A mouse model of high trait anxiety shows reduced heart rate variability that can be reversed by anxiolytic drug treatment

Increasing evidence suggests that specific physiological measures may serve as biomarkers for successful treatment to alleviate symptoms of pathological anxiety. Studies of autonomic function investigating parameters such as heart rate (HR), HR variability and blood pressure (BP) indicated that HR variability is consistently reduced in anxious patients, whereas HR and BP data show inconsistent results. Therefore, HR and HR variability were measured under various emotionally challenging conditions in a mouse model of high innate anxiety (high anxiety behaviour; HAB) vs. control normal anxiety-like behaviour (NAB) mice. Baseline HR, HR variability and activity did not differ between mouse lines. However, after cued Pavlovian fear conditioning, both elevated tachycardia and increased fear responses were observed in HAB mice compared to NAB mice upon re-exposure to the conditioning stimulus serving as the emotional stressor. When retention of conditioned fear was tested in the home cage, HAB mice again displayed higher fear responses than NAB mice, while the HR responses were similar. Conversely, in both experimental settings HAB mice consistently exhibited reduced HR variability. Repeated administration of the anxiolytic NK1 receptor antagonist L-822429 lowered the conditioned fear response and shifted HR dynamics in HAB mice to a more regular pattern, similar to that in NAB mice. Additional receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated the high specificity and sensitivity of HR variability to distinguish between normal and high anxiety trait. These findings indicate that assessment of autonomic response in addition to freezing might be a useful indicator of the efficacy of novel anxiolytic treatments

Evaluation of the Role of Candida albicans Agglutinin-Like Sequence (Als) Proteins in Human Oral Epithelial Cell Interactions

The fungus C. albicans uses adhesins to interact with human epithelial surfaces in the processes of colonization and pathogenesis. The C. albicans ALS (agglutinin-like sequence) gene family encodes eight large cell-surface glycoproteins (Als1-Als7 and Als9) that have adhesive function. This study utilized C. albicans Δals mutant strains to investigate the role of the Als family in oral epithelial cell adhesion and damage, cytokine induction and activation of a MAPK-based (MKP1/c-Fos) signaling pathway that discriminates between yeast and hyphae. Of the eight Δals mutants tested, only the Δals3 strain showed significant reductions in oral epithelial cell adhesion and damage, and cytokine production. High fungal:epithelial cell multiplicities of infection were able to rescue the cell damage and cytokine production phenotypes, demonstrating the importance of fungal burden in mucosal infections. Despite its adhesion, damage and cytokine induction phenotypes, the Δals3 strain induced MKP1 phosphorylation and c-Fos production to a similar extent as control cells. Our data demonstrate that Als3 is involved directly in epithelial adhesion but indirectly in cell damage and cytokine induction, and is not the factor targeted by oral epithelial cells to discriminate between the yeast and hyphal form of C. albicans