Rediseño de un parque infantil para niños discapacitados basado en la teoría de la actividad de Vygotsky

En el presente trabajo se desarrolla una metodología para el diseño de parques infantiles inclusivos, basada en la teoría de la actividad de Vygotsky y la teoría del juego de Piaget. Se ilustra la aplicación de dicha metodología al diseño de un parque infantil para niños discapacitados.In the present study develops a methodology for designing playgrounds inclusive, based on the theory of activity Vygotsky and theory of game Piaget. It illustrates the application of the methodology to the design of a playground for children with disabilities

La experiencia de coordinación en el Grado de Maestro de Educación Infantil

The objective of this work was to disseminate the perception detected about the implementation of the Teaching Degree in pre-primary Education adapted to the EHEA and propose suggestions for improvement. It was performed through a SWOT analysis, to the teaching staff and students of the Faculty of Education and Social Work at the University of Valladolid. The data came from different assessments carried out by the Committee of Title during the first years of these studies, responding to one of the assigned competencies: To propose improvements in the educational program and in the services provided in the degree.El objeto de este trabajo fue dar a conocer la percepción detectada, sobre la implantación del Grado de Maestro en Educación Infantil adaptado al EEES y proponer sugerencias de mejora.  Se realizó a través de un  análisis DAFO, al profesorado y al alumnado de la Facultad de Educación y Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Valladolid. Los datos procedieron de diferentes evaluaciones llevadas a cabo por el Comité de Título durante los primeros cursos académicos de estos estudios, dando respuesta a una de las competencias asignadas: proponer  mejoras en el programa formativo y en los servicios prestados en la titulación

La percepción de los adolescentes de las prácticas parentales desde la perspectiva de género

Cultural gender representations are learned through socialization processes within a socio-cultural context. Parents are the main socializing agents of stereotyped beliefs about gender which exert an influence on the child-rearing practices. A questionnaire called Percepciones del Alumnado sobre las Prácticas de Crianza de Madres y Padres (PAPC), prepared ad hoc for this research was used to assess the perceptions of adolescents about the parenting styles of fathers and mothers. A sample of 1837 students from 1st and 3rd of Compulsory Secondary Education and 1st of Non-Compulsary Secondary Education (Bachillerato) participated in this study. Regarding the reliability of the instrument, results indicated αMother = .828 and αFather = .812. Turning to its validity, measured through the Exploratory Factor Analysis, results indicated that there were two factors that explained a 45.88% of the total variance, called Uso del Castigo Físico y/o Verbal y Omisión y Asunción de Responsabilidades. Both girls and boys from different cultures perceived that mothers were more concerned with the control of inappropriate behaviour than fathers, with mothers using both punitive strategies and those that appealed to responsibility (Mmother=12.43, Mfather=11.72, t= 6.98, p<.001, Mmother=16.82, Mfather=15.62, t=11.40, p<.001, respectively). Lastly, in relation with the sex variable, significant differences were observed. Boys claimed to receive more physical and verbal punishments than the both from mothers (Mgirls=12.12, Mboys=12.68, t=2.75, p<.05) and fathers (Mgirls=10.88, Mboys= 12.62, t = 8.08, p < .001).Las representaciones culturales de género se aprenden a través de los procesos de socialización dentro de un contexto sociocultural, siendo madres y padres los principales agentes socializadores de creencias estereotipadas sobre género que influyen en las prácticas de crianza. Con el objetivo de conocer las percepciones de los adolescentes sobre los estilos parentales de padres y madres, se ha aplicado un cuestionario, elaborado ad hoc para esta investigación, denominado Percepciones del Alumnado sobre las Prácticas de Crianza de Madres y Padres (PAPC), a 1837 estudiantes de 1.º y 3.º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y 1.º de Bachillerato. Los resultados indican que, en primer lugar, la fiabilidad del instrumento el αMadre =.828 y αPadre = .812 y su validez, medida a través del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, indica que existen dos factores que explican el 45.88% de la varianza total, denominados Uso del Castigo Físico y/o Verbal y Omisión y Asunción de Responsabilidades. En segundo lugar, tanto las chicas como los chicos de diferentes culturas perciben que las madres se ocupan más del control de conductas inadecuadas que los padres, siendo las madres las que más utilizan tanto las estrategias punitivas como las que apelan a la responsabilidad (Mmadre=12.43; Mpadre=11.72; t=6.98, p<.001; Mmadre=16.82; Mpadre=15.62; t=11.40, p<.001, respectivamente). Por último, en relación con la variable sexo, se observa que existen diferencias significativas siendo los chicos los que afirman recibir más castigos físicos y verbales que las chicas, tanto por las madres (Mchicas=12.12; Mchicos=12.68; t=2.75, p<.05) como por los padres (Mchicas=10.88; Mchicos=12.62; t=8.08, p<.001)

El autoconcepto en la etapa de Educación Primaria: incidencia en los alumnos más capaces

Los nuevos planteamientos en el campo de las altas capacidades, frente al tópico de considerar únicamente la inteligencia como elemento fundamental en su identificación, optan por un amplio abanico de cualidades y dimensiones a tener en cuenta en la detección. Entre ellas, aparece el autoconcepto entendido como la autoimagen mental del sujeto. Este constructo y su relación con otras variables, caso del rendimiento académico o el sexo de los escolares, podrían ser factores influyentes en las cifras llamativamente bajas de diagnóstico de alumnado con altas capacidades y en los resultados negativos en evaluaciones internacionales de rendimiento. Para comprobar la relación entre estas variables, hemos realizado una investigación cuantitativa para evaluar el autoconcepto general y académico en una muestra de 118 sujetos de 4º, 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria, incluidos escolares con altas capacidades diagnosticadas . Se ha utilizado la Escala de Autoconcepto de Piers Harris. Los resultados arrojan una correlación positiva entre el autoconcepto general y académico y el rendimiento académico, no encontrándose relación entre autoconcepto y género, alta capacidad, edad y curso. De esta forma, se deberán favorecer, desde los propios procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, actuaciones específicas en pro de la mejora del autoconcepto del alumnado teniendo presente su rendimiento académico. El bienestar de los escolares deberá de ser una premisa fundamental de la praxis docenteThe new approaches in the field of high capacities, compared to the topic of considering only intelligence as a fundamental element in their identification, opt for a wide range of qualities and dimensions to be taken into account in detection. Among them, self-concept appears as the mental selfimage of the subject. This construct and its relationship with other variables, such as the academic performance or the sex of schoolchildren, could be influential factors in the strikingly low figures for the diagnosis of students with high abilities and negative results in international performance evaluations. To verify the relationship between these variables, we conducted a quantitative research to evaluate the general and academic self-concept in a sample of 118 subjects of 4th, 5th and 6th grade of Primary Education, including school children with high diagnostic abilities. The Piers Harris Self-concept Scale has been used. The results show a positive correlation between general and academic self-concept and academic performance, not finding a relationship between self-concept and gender, high ability, age and course. In this way, specific actions should be favored, from the teaching and learning processes themselves, in favor of improving the students' self-concept, keeping in mind their academic performance. The welfare of schoolchildren should be a fundamental premise of the teaching practice

El autoconcepto en la etapa de Educación Primaria: incidencia en los alumnos más capaces

The new approaches in the field of high capacities, compared to the topic of considering only intelligence as a fundamental element in their identification, opt for a wide range of qualities and dimensions to be taken into account in detection. Among them, self-concept appears as the mental self-image of the subject. This construct and its relationship with other variables, such as the academic performance or the sex of schoolchildren, could be influential factors in the strikingly low figures for the diagnosis of students with high abilities and negative results in international performance evaluations. To verify the relationship between these variables, we conducted a quantitative research to evaluate the general and academic self-concept in a sample of 118 subjects of 4th, 5th and 6th grade of Primary Education, including school children with high diagnostic abilities. The Piers Harris Self-concept Scale has been used. The results show a positive correlation between general and academic self-concept and academic performance, not finding a relationship between self-concept and gender, high ability, age and course. In this way, specific actions should be favored, from the teaching and learning processes themselves, in favor of improving the students' self-concept, keeping in mind their academic performance. The welfare of schoolchildren should be a fundamental premise of the teaching practice.Los nuevos planteamientos en el campo de las altas capacidades, frente al tópico de considerar únicamente la inteligencia como elemento fundamental en su identificación, optan por un amplio abanico de cualidades y dimensiones a tener en cuenta en la detección. Entre ellas, aparece el autoconcepto entendido como la autoimagen mental del sujeto. Este constructo y su relación con otras variables, caso del rendimiento académico o el sexo de los escolares, podrían ser factores influyentes en las cifras llamativamente bajas de diagnóstico de alumnado con altas capacidades y en los resultados negativos en evaluaciones internacionales de rendimiento. Para comprobar la relación entre estas variables, hemos realizado una investigación cuantitativa para evaluar el autoconcepto general y académico en una muestra de 118 sujetos de 4º, 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria, incluidos escolares con altas capacidades diagnosticadas . Se ha utilizado la Escala de Autoconcepto de Piers Harris. Los resultados arrojan una correlación positiva entre el autoconcepto general y académico y el rendimiento académico, no encontrándose relación entre autoconcepto y género, alta capacidad, edad y curso. De esta forma, se deberán favorecer, desde los propios procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, actuaciones específicas en pro de la mejora del autoconcepto del alumnado teniendo presente su rendimiento académico. El bienestar de los escolares deberá de ser una premisa fundamental de la praxis docente

Air pollution relevance analysis in the bay of Algeciras (Spain)

The aim of this work is to accomplish an in-depth analysis of the air pollution in the two main cities of the Bay of Algeciras (Spain). A large database of air pollutant concentrations and weather measurements were collected using a monitoring network installed throughout the region from the period of 2010-2015. The concentration parameters contain nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10). The analysis was developed in two monitoring stations (Algeciras and La Linea). The higher average concentration values were obtained in Algeciras for NO2 (28.850 mu g/m(3)) and SO2 (11.966 mu g/m(3)), and in La Linea for PM10 (30.745 mu g/m(3)). The analysis shows patterns that coincide with human activity. One of the goals of this work is to develop a useful virtual sensor capable of achieving a more robust monitoring network, which can be used, for instance, in the case of missing data. By means of trends analysis, groups of equivalent stations were determined, implying that the values of one station could be substituted for those in the equivalent station in case of failure (e.g., SO2 weekly trends in Algeciras and Los Barrios show equivalence). On the other hand, a calculation of relative risks was developed showing that relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction produce an increase in the risk of higher pollutant concentrations. Besides, obtained results showed that wind speed and wind direction are the most important variables in the distribution of particles. The results obtained may allow administrations or citizens to support decisions

Papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome : presentation of a clinical case

Papular-Purpuric Glove-and-Sock Syndrome is a rare, infectious disease, of viral etiology, characterized by the presence of pruritus, edema and symmetrical erythema, very well defined at the wrists and ankles with a gloves-and-socks distribution. Other areas can be affected, with a moderate erythema appearing in cheeks, elbows, knees, armpits, abdomen, groin, external genitalia, internal face of the thighs and the buttocks. Erosions, small ulcers, enanthema and blisters can be observed in the oral cavity and lips, and less frequently in other mucous membranes. Complications are rare, although they can be severe, 50% of the published cases are related with the Parvovirus B19. Due to its oral involvement stomatologists should be aware of this syndrome in order to carry out a correct diagnosis of the disease

Metabolic Serendipities of Expanded Newborn Screening

Incidental findings on newborn screening (NBS) are results that are not the target of screening within a given NBS program, but rather are found as a result of the screening and resulting diagnostic workup for that target. These findings may not have an immediate clinical impact on the newborn, but are sometimes an additional benefit of NBS programs and may be considered secondary targets of NBS programs. This work describes four case reports that had incidental findings on the NBS, which eventually led to the diagnosis of another metabolic disease instead of the one that was initially suspected. The first case was a new defect in the cationic amino acid transporter-2 (CAT-2), which was oriented as an arginase-1 deficiency in the newborn. The second case was a maternal glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA-1) that mimicked a carnitine transporter deficiency in the newborn. The third report was a case of lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), which appeared as high levels of citrulline on the NBS. The fourth case was a mother with homocystinuria that was diagnosed during the biochemical study of vitamin B12 status. All cases provide new or interesting data that will help guide differential diagnosis in the future.Financial support was provided by grant PI19/01155 and the European Regional Development Fun

Embodied energy in agricultural inputs. Incorporating a historical perspective

Este documento de trabajo analiza la energía asociada a los inputs agrarios en perspectiva histórica. El estudio se basa en una amplia revisión bibliográfica, que se ha complementado con estimaciones propias para crear una base de datos coherente que incluye toda la energía directa e indirecta asociada a los principales insumos agrícolas con el máximo nivel de desagregación posible. Estos insumos incluyen mano de obra, vectores energéticos como combustibles y electricidad, materiales, maquinaria, fertilizantes y pesticidas de síntesis, insumos orgánicos, material de propagación, insumos asociados al regadío, edificaciones, invernaderos, transporte y servicios no materiales. Para cada insumo se describe su evolución histórica desde la perspectiva energética, las metodologías más comúnmente empleadas en la literatura para el cálculo de su energía asociada, y se proporcionan series temporales sobre la evolución de esta energía. Las series temporales incluyen todo el siglo XX y la primera década del siglo XXI, y están expresadas en cortes decenales. Los valores ofrecidos son promedios globales o referidos a las principales regiones productoras. Los resultados muestran los grandes cambios que han ocurrido en la eficiencia energética de la producción de insumos agrícolas, subrayando la necesidad de emplear coeficientes dinámicos en el análisis energético de la evolución histórica de los sistemas agrícolas.This working paper analyzes the energy embodied in agricultural inputs from a historical perspective. The study is based on a wide literature review, which has been complemented with own estimations in order to create a coherent database including all direct and indirect energy associated to the main agricultural inputs with the maximum possible level of disaggregation. The inputs studied include human labour, energy carriers such as fuels and electricity, materials, machinery, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, organic inputs, propagation material, irrigation inputs, buildings, greenhouses, transport and non-material services. For each input we describe its historical evolution from an energetic perspective, the most common methods used for the calculation of its embodied energy published in the literature and temporal data series on the historical evolution of this energy. The temporal data series are expressed in 10-year time-steps and, in the majority of cases, they cover the whole 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. The values provided are global averages or covering the main producing regions. The results show the large changes that have occurred in the energy efficiency of the production of agricultural inputs, underlining the need for the use of dynamic coefficients in historical energy analyses of agricultural systems

Sex Differences and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with COVID-19: Results from the ANCOHVID Multicentre Study

Spain is one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although risk factors for severe disease are published, sex differences have been widely neglected. In this multicentre study, we aimed to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in men and women hospitalised with COVID-19. An observational longitudinal study was conducted in the cohort of patients admitted to four hospitals in Andalusia, Spain, from 1 March 2020 to 15 April 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from hospital records. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate 30-day survival and multiple Cox regression models were applied. All analyses were stratified by sex. A total of 968 patients were included (54.8% men, median age 67.0 years). In-hospital mortality reached 19.1% in men and 16.0% in women. Factors independently associated with an increased hazard of death were advanced age, higher CURB-65 score and not receiving azithromycin treatment, in both sexes; active cancer and autoimmune disease, in men; cardiovascular disease and chronic lung disease, in women. Disease outcomes and predictors of death differed between sexes. In-hospital mortality was higher in men, but the long-term effects of COVID-19 merit further research. The sex-differential impact of the pandemic should be addressed in public health policies