HINAULT Anne-Claude, OSTY Florence et SERVEL Laurence, 2019. Enquêter dans les organisations. Comprendre pour agir

Anne-Claude Hinault, Florence Osty et Laurence Servel nous proposent un ouvrage intéressant, en ce sens qu’il se distingue du vaste corpus traitant des diverses méthodologies employées en sciences humaines et sociales. En effet, si ce dernier est essentiellement composé de livres orientés vers une finalité de recherche et de production scientifiques, le manuel ici recensé propose une démarche et des repères inédits pour mener des enquêtes sociologiques lors de situations d’intervention et d’a..

Communication virale dans la publicité au sein des espaces numériques : Approche critique et expérimentale du phénomène

Our thesis examines the notion of viral communication in digital social spaces both in general and when applied to online video advertisement. Our research revealed a lack of clarity and coherence in its definition and meaning (Beauvisage et al., 2011) that necessited an effort of standardization before planning to pursue our work. Furthermore, our literature review pointed out the complexity of the viral phenomenon and its comprehension. This complexity is due to the number and different factors originating the viral phenomenon (Beauvisage et al., 2011).In order to highlight one of those factors, we make the first hypothesis that the variations in the quality of the definition (high or standard) of a video have an effect over the evaluation of the video (H1). Corollary, we think that the quality of the definition affects this video sharings (H2). More precisely, we think that a video will be more shared if it is watched in high definition rather than in standard definition. In order to meet those hypotheses, we opted for an experimental approach.Notre thèse interroge la notion de communication virale dans les espaces socionumériques de manière générale et plus particulièrement lorsque ce phénomène s’applique aux vidéos publicitaires en ligne. Nos recherches ont révélé un manque évident de clarté et de cohérence au niveau de sa définition et de son acception (Beauvisage et al., 2011) qu’il a fallu corriger par un travail d’harmonisation avant d’envisager la suite de nos travaux. De plus, notre revue de littérature a mis en avant la complexité du phénomène viral et de son appréhension ; complexité nourrie par le nombre et la nature des facteurs à son origine (Beauvisage et al., 2011). Afin de mettre en avant un de ces facteurs, nous émettons pour première hypothèse que les variations de qualité de la définition (haute ou standard) d’une vidéo influencent l’appréciation de la vidéo (H1). Par corollaire, nous pensons que le partage de cette vidéo est affecté par la qualité de la définition (H2). Plus précisément, nous pensons qu’une même vidéo sera plus partagée si elle est visionnée en haute définition plutôt qu’en définition standard. Pour répondre à ces hypothèses nous avons opté pour une approche expérimentale

Synovial effusion and synovial fluid biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis to assess intraarticular tumor necrosis factor-α blockade in the knee joint

Introduction: Evaluation of synovial effusion (SE), synovial fluid (SF) and synovial tissue (ST) biomarkers in relation to disease activity indexes to assess the response to intraarticular (IA) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u3b1 blockers in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: Systemic and local disease activity indexes (disease activity score [DAS]; the Ritchie articular index [mRAI], erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP); Thompson articular [THOMP] and joint articular [KJAI]-Index ) and ST samples were assessed at baseline, throughout treatment, and during the follow-up in 14 patients affected with PsA who underwent IA injections (0.5 ml - 12.5 mg) in the knee joint of etanercept (E) or placebo (P) once every two weeks for a ten week period. Total SF white blood cell (WBC) counts (WBC/ \u3bcl) and SF cytokine/chemokine (CK/CCK) levels were measured before IA-E at baseline, after IA-E, and as long as there were adequate amounts of SF for knee aspiration (post). Characterization of synovial mononuclear cell infiltration and synovial vessels was carried out in 8/14 knees by staining serial sections of synovial tissue biopsies for CD45, CD3, CD68, CD31 and CD105. Results: At baseline, CRP and/or ESR were significantly correlated with SF-CK (IL-1\u3b2, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8) and CCK (CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4). Post-IA injections, there was a decrease in SE in the knees in which aspiration following IA-E injection was possible as well as a significant reduction in SF WBC/\u3bcl and in SF-CK (TNF-\u3b1, IL- 1\u3b2, IL-1Ra, IL-6 and IL-22). Pre- and post- IAE injections, there were significant correlations between ST markers and SF-CK (IL-1\u3b2 with CD45; IL-1\u3b2 and IL-6 with CD31) and between SF-CCK (CCL4 and CCL3 with CD3). At the end of the study, there was a significant reduction in disease activity indexes (CRP, DAS, RAI, THOMP, KJAI) as well as in the ST markers (CD45; CD3)

Serine residue 115 of MAPK-activated protein kinase MK5 is crucial for its PKA-regulated nuclear export and biological function

The mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-5 (MK5) resides predominantly in the nucleus of resting cells, but p38MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases-3 and -4 (ERK3 and ERK4), and protein kinase A (PKA) induce nucleocytoplasmic redistribution of MK5. The mechanism by which PKA causes nuclear export remains unsolved. In the study reported here we demonstrated that Ser-115 is an in vitro PKA phosphoacceptor site, and that PKA, but not p38MAPK, ERK3 or ERK4, is unable to redistribute MK5 S115A to the cytoplasm. However, the phosphomimicking MK5 S115D mutant resides in the cytoplasm in untreated cells. While p38MAPK, ERK3 and ERK4 fail to trigger nuclear export of the kinase dead T182A and K51E MK5 mutants, S115D/T182A and K51E/S115D mutants were able to enter the cytoplasm of resting cells. Finally, we demonstrated that mutations in Ser-115 affect the biological properties of MK5. Taken together, our results suggest that Ser-115 plays an essential role in PKA-regulated nuclear export of MK5, and that it also may regulate the biological functions of MK5

The diterpenoid alkaloid noroxoaconitine is a Mapkap kinase 5 (MK5/PRAK) inhibitor

The mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase MK5 is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates and is implicated in cell proliferation, cytoskeletal remodeling, and anxiety behavior. This makes MK5 an attractive drug target. We tested several diterpenoid alkaloids for their ability to suppress MK5 kinase activity. We identified noroxoaconitine as an ATP competitor that inhibited the catalytic activity of MK5 in vitro (IC50 = 37.5 μM; Ki = 0.675 μM) and prevented PKA-induced nuclear export of MK5, a process that depends on kinase active MK5. MK5 is closely related to MK2 and MK3, and noroxoaconitine inhibited MK3- and MK5- but not MK2-mediated phosphorylation of the common substrate Hsp27. Molecular docking of noroxoaconitine into the ATP binding sites indicated that noroxoaconitine binds more strongly to MK5 than to MK3. Noroxoaconitine and derivatives may help in elucidating the precise biological functions of MK5 and may prove to have therapeutic values

Gaia Early Data Release 3: Structure and properties of the Magellanic Clouds

We compare the Gaia DR2 and Gaia EDR3 performances in the study of the Magellanic Clouds and show the clear improvements in precision and accuracy in the new release. We also show that the systematics still present in the data make the determination of the 3D geometry of the LMC a difficult endeavour; this is at the very limit of the usefulness of the Gaia EDR3 astrometry, but it may become feasible with the use of additional external data. We derive radial and tangential velocity maps and global profiles for the LMC for the several subsamples we defined. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the two planar components of the ordered and random motions are derived for multiple stellar evolutionary phases in a galactic disc outside the Milky Way, showing the differences between younger and older phases. We also analyse the spatial structure and motions in the central region, the bar, and the disc, providing new insights into features and kinematics. Finally, we show that the Gaia EDR3 data allows clearly resolving the Magellanic Bridge, and we trace the density and velocity flow of the stars from the SMC towards the LMC not only globally, but also separately for young and evolved populations. This allows us to confirm an evolved population in the Bridge that is slightly shift from the younger population. Additionally, we were able to study the outskirts of both Magellanic Clouds, in which we detected some well-known features and indications of new ones

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Communication virale dans les espaces numériques : effet de la définition de l’image sur la diffusion d’une vidéo publicitaire en ligne

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