Biología reproductiva del Chimango (<i>Polyborus chimango</i>)

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la biología reproductiva del chimango en las provincias de Córdoba y Buenos Aires. En ambos sitios fueron observados grupos de nidos, y una colonia de nidificación (56 nidos en 0,7 ha) fue observada en Córdoba. Como hubo una buena cantidad de árboles apropiados, la disponibilidad de lugar para los nidos no puede explicar la nidificación en grupos; la abundancia de alimento es un factor más probable. El tamaño medio de la postura fue de 2.77 huevos, el período de incubación de 26 a 27 días, y el tiempo de permanencia del pichón en el nido 32 a 34 días. El alimento traído a los pichones incluye insectos ortópteros, anfibios y pequeños mamíferos. Aceptado el 14 de abril de 1986.Reproductive biology of the Chimango Caracara (<i>Polyborus chimango</i>). The reproductive biology of the Chimango Caracara (<i>Polyborus chimango</i> ) was studied in the provinces of Córdoba and Buenos Aires. Champed nesting was observed at both sites, and a dense colony (56 nests in 0.7 ha) was observed in Córdoba. Nest sites at both areas were almost exclusively arboreal. As there were plenty of suitable trees, nest site avaiability cannot explain clumped nesting; abundance of food is a more likely factor. Mean clutch size was 2.77 eggs, the incubation period 26 to 27 days, and the nestling period 32 - 34 days. Food brought to nestlings include orthopteroid insects, amphibians and small mammals

The 'last mile' for climate data supporting local adaptation

UIDB/04647/2020 UIDP/04647/2020Non-technical summary The 'last mile' is a transportation planning term that describes the movement of people and goods from a transportation hub to a final destination; a local place such as a home or a shop. This is the final step of the logistics process that unites the product with its new owner. We present and explain challenges of science-guided adaptation at the local level, and how this is an equivalent 'last mile' challenge for climate adaptation. Technical summary The 'last mile' issue, a term used in transportation planning, describes the movement of people and goods from a transportation hub to a final destination, a local place such as a home or a shop. This is the critical final step of the logistics process that unites the product with its new owner, and the point of the value chain. This analogy aptly describes the last steps between presenting scientific evidence of climate change to decision-makers for use in local adaptation and planning. Climate change data (observational and model simulation data e.g. climate change projections and predictions) remain under-utilised, especially by local institutions and actors for which adaptation is a priority. The assumptions and assertions of the classical data-information-knowledge-wisdom are challenged, and a derivative form of the information hierarchy is proposed. Elements of the classical information hierarchy are offset by four balancing elements of access (to data); usability (of information); governance (of knowledge) and politics (of wisdom). These balancing elements and their relatedness coincide with newer models of innovation relating to the interaction between different stakeholders across the different levels of governance, the inclusion of stakeholder expectations, transparency and accountability. Social media summary Climate data to wise decision-making in the 'last mile': a novel perspective on science-guided local adaptation.publishersversionpublishe

Análisis Comparativo Del Posicionamiento GNSS Utilizando Receptor De Bajo Costo U-Blox De Doble Frecuencia Para Aplicaciones Topógrafo-Geodésicas

Se evaluó y comparó estadísticamente el posicionamiento obtenido a través del receptor de bajo costo U-blox ZED-F9P de nueva generación con un receptor geodésico, realizando observaciones GNSS sobre un vértice geodésico mediante del método de Posicionamiento Puntual Preciso y relativo estático, con una distancia de 33 km a la estación de referencia. Esto, con la finalidad de probar la factibilidad de utilizar receptores de bajo costo de gama similares en trabajos topográficos-geodésicos. Para ello, se consideran cuatro escenarios; en el primer escenario, se aplicó la técnica relativo estático con el equipo de bajo costo, en el segundo escenario se procesó con un receptor geodésico en modo relativo estático; ambos mediante un software comercial. Para el tercer y cuarto escenario, se procesó modo Posicionamiento Puntual Preciso con el software RTKLIB. Los resultados muestran que para la técnica Posicionamiento Puntal Preciso la precisión lograda de 1 cm por el equipo de bajo costo es apta para realizar trabajos geodésicos. En el método relativo estático, la precisión lograda de 7 mm indica que es posible utilizar el equipo de bajo costo para trabajos topógrafos-geodésicos de alta precisión considerando una línea base ≤33 km, esto, según la normatividad del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. The new generation, low-cost U-blox ZED-F9P receiver was evaluated and statistically compared by GNSS observations on a geodesic monument, through both Precise Point Positioning and Static relative positioning techniques with a distance of 33 km from the references station. This was done with the purpose of checking the use feasibility of the low-cost receiver of similar gamma in topographic-geodesic works. To that end, four scenarios were considered: in the first scenario, the static relative positioning with the low-cost equipment was applied; in the second scenario, the static relative positioning with a geodetic receiver was applied. Both scenarios were processed with commercial software. The third and fourth scenarios were processed with Precise Point Positioning techniques through the RTKLIB software. The results show that Precise Point Positioning techniques get a precision of 1 cm through the use of low-cost equipment which is suitable to apply in geodetic works. In the static relative method, the precision obtained is 7 mm, indicating the possibility of using the low-cost equipment in both survey and geodetic high precision works, considering a line base ≤30 Km, according to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía normative

Adsorption and dissociation of molecular hydrogen on orthorhombic β- Mo2C and cubic δ-MoC (001) surfaces

Molybdenum carbides are increasingly used in heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reactions, which imply the adsorption and dissociation of molecular hydrogen. Here a systematic density functional theory based study, including or excluding dispersion terms, concerning the interaction and stability of H2 with cubic δ-MoC(001) and orthorhombic β-Mo2C(001) surfaces is presented. In the latter case the two possible C or Mo terminations are considered. In addition, different situations for the H covered surfaces are examined. Computational results including dispersive forces predict as essentially spontaneous dissociation of H2 on β-Mo2C(001) independently of the surface termination, whereas on δ-MoC(001) molecular hydrogen dissociation implies a small but noticeable energy barrier. Furthermore, the ab initio thermodynamics formalism has been used to compare the stability of different H coverages. Finally, core level binding energies and vibrational frequencies are presented with the aim to assist the interpretation of yet unavailable data from X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopies

Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de pacientes con diagnóstico post-mortem de colitis pseudomembranosa

Introducción: La incidencia de infecciones asociadas a clostridium difficile en el contexto mundial, incluida Cuba, varía entre 0,6 y 2,1% del total de pacientes hospitalizados.Objetivo:Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes con diagnóstico post-mortem de colitis pseudomembranosa.Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, utilizando un universo de 49 pacientes fallecidos en el Hospital “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado” a los cuales se les diagnosticó colitis pseudomembranosa a través de necropsia. Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, edad, estadía, servicio de procedencia, prescripción antibiótica, incidencia del padecimiento, uso de nutrición a través de sonda nasogástrica y el empleo de Omeprazol.Resultados: El promedio de edades fue de 73,2 años y predominaron los que tenían 65 o más. La estadía promedio fue de 38 días y más del 70% procedieron de unidades de cuidados intensivos. En el 63,2% se empleó IBP en el tratamiento y el 71,4% necesitó alimentación a través de sonda nasogástrica. Los grupos de antibióticos más usados fueros las cefalosporinas de tercera generación, seguidas por las quinolonas, las cefalosporinas de cuarta generación y los carbapenémicos.Conclusiones: Las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes diagnosticados de infecciones asociadas a clostridium difficile corresponden generalmente a pacientes ancianos, con larga estadía hospitalaria, uso reciente de antibióticos, estancia en unidades de cuidados intensivos, con alimentación a través de sonda nasogástrica y tratamiento con IBP

Stories in social-ecological knowledge cocreation

Transformations in social-ecological systems to overturn poverty and ecosystem degradation require approaches to knowledge synthesis that are inclusive and open to creative innovation. We draw on interviews with participants and in-depth process observation of an iterative knowledge cocreation process in Kenya and Mozambique that brought together scientists, community representatives, government representatives, and practitioners who had expertise or experience in poverty and/or coastal natural resource use and management. We analyze the communicative spaces opened by techniques of system diagrams and future scenarios, and provide a rich account of the emergent process of developing a "shared conceptual repertoire" as a basis for effective communication and knowledge synthesis. Our results highlight the difficulties of challenging dominant narratives and the creative potential that exists in reflecting on their underpinning assumptions. In our analysis, stories and lived experiences emerged as key means shaping the construction of shared concepts and ideas. We conclude by outlining the implications of designing knowledge cocreation processes that support the task of devising systemic interventions that are robust for a range of future scenarios. This includes embracing the role of stories in generating shared meanings and opening up spaces for exploration of knowledge assumptions that are embedded in intervention narratives

Comparación de la biodisponibilidad y la farmacocinética entre dos formulaciones de tabletas de metformina de 850 mg en voluntarios colombianos sanos

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of two formulations of metformin 850 mg tablets: Glucophage® from Merck Santè laboratories (reference product) and Metformin from Winthrop Pharmaceuticals de Colombia SA (test product) in healthy Colombian volunteers. Methods: A random, double blind, two-period, two-week wash out period, crossover study was performed in 24 healthy male and female volunteers for a single 850-mg dose of metformin tablets administrated with 240 ml of water after 12 hours of fasting. Once the drug was administrated, blood samples were collected before and within 24 hour, and plasma metformin concentration was determined by using a validated HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, AUC0-96h, AUC0-OO, and Tmax were determined. The formulations were considered bioequivalent if the logarithmic mean ratios of ln-transformed Cmax and AUC0-OO values were within the equivalence range of 80%-125%. Results: ANOVA analysis of the ln-transformed Cmax and AUC0-OO indicated that none of the effects examined (formulation, period, within and between-subjet variances and carry over) was statistically significant. The mean (±SD) of Cmax 1217.38 (± 251.72) ng/ml vs. 1305.25 (± 301.06) ng/ml, AUC0-96h 1363.49 (± 315.51) ng.h/ml vs. 1584.82 (± 368.75) ng.h/ml, AUC0-OO, 7155.75 (± 1440.74) ng.h/ml vs. 7777.08 (± 1896.49) ng.h/ml, and Tmax 2.57 (± 0.93) h vs. 2.22 (± 0.94) h were obtained with test and reference formulations, respectively. These pharmacokinetic parameters presented differences with the results from other published papers. The 90% confidence interval of the logarithmic ratio of AUC0-OO and Cmax was within the range of 80-125%. Conclusions: In this study in healthy Colombian volunteers, a single 850-mg dose of metformin tablet test formulation met the criteria for bioequivalence to the reference formulation based on pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0-OO and Cmax. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la bioequivalencia de dos formulaciones de tabletas de metformina de 850 mg: Glucophage® del Laboratorio Merck Santè (producto de referencia) y metformina de Laboratorios Winthrop Pharmaceuticals de Colombia SA (producto de prueba), en voluntarios colombianos sanos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego, cruzado, en dos períodos y con un tiempo de lavado de dos semanas, en 24 voluntarios sanos, hombres y mujeres, que recibieron una dosis única de metformina de 850 mg, con 240 ml de agua, después de 12 horas de ayuno. Luego de la administración del medicamento, se recolectaron muestras de sangre durante 24 horas y las concentraciones plasmáticas de metformina se determinaron con un método de HPLC validado. Se calcularon los parámetros farmacocinéticos: Cmax, AUC0-96h, AUC0-OO, y Tmax. Las formulaciones se consideraron bioequivalentes si la relación de la media transformada a ln de Cmax y AUC0-OO estaba dentro del rango de bioequivalencia de 80% a 125%. Resultados: El Anova de los datos transformados a ln de Cmax y AUC0-OO indicaron que ninguno de los efectos analizados (formulación, período, variación intra e intersujetos y arrastre) fueron estadísticamente significativos. La media (±SD) de los parámetros obtenidos para los productos de prueba y de referencia, respectivamente, fueron: Cmax 1217.38 (± 251.72) ng/ml vs. 1305.25 (± 301.06) ng/ml, AUC0-96h 1363.49 (± 315.51) ng.h/ml vs. 1584.82 (± 368.75) ng.h/ml, AUC0-OO, 7155.75 (± 1440.74) ng.h/ml vs. 7777.08 (± 1896.49) ng.h/ml, and Tmax 2.57 (± 0.93) h vs. 2.22 (± 0.94) h. El intervalo de confianza de la relación logarítmica del AUC0OO y Cmax se encontró dentro del rango de 80% a 125%. Conclusiones: En este estudio en voluntarios sanos colombianos, la comparación de una formulación de prueba de tabletas de metformina de 850 mg, con una formulación de referencia, cumplió los criterios de bioequivalencia teniendo como base los parámetros farmacocinéticos AUC0-OO and Cmax

Mamíferos continentales del Mioceno tardío a la actualidad en la Argentina: cincuenta años de estudios

Ameghiniana was created 50 years ago. During this lapse, the late Cenozoic paleomastozoology developed exponentially in Argentina. Many of the papers dealed with systematics. However, fossil mammals were also used for establish the chronological scale based on a biostratigraphic sequence of faunas mainly from the Pampean area. This scale proved valid for other South American areas. Besides, mammals were used as proxies for understanding the continental climatic evolution and, at the same time, biogeographic studies flourished. In recent years, many paleoecological and morphofunctional studies were carried out. Certainly, the last 50 years were the most productive time in Argentina since the pioneering work of Florentino Ameghino

Bioequivalence Study of Clonazepam 2 mg Tablets in Colombian Healthy Volunteers

RESUMEN: Con el fin de determinar la bioequivalencia de dos formulaciones de tabletas de 2 mg de clonazepam: Sedatril®/Clonazepam MK (Tecnoquímicas S. A., Cali, Colombia) como producto de prueba y Rivotril® (Roche Químicos e Farmacéuticas S. A., Río de Janeiro, Brasil), como producto de referencia, se realizó un estudio de bioequivalencia en 26 voluntarios sanos. Los productos de prueba y de referencia se administraron en condiciones de ayuno de acuerdo con un diseño cruzado aleatorio de dosis única, con dos secuencias, dos tratamientos y un período de lavado de 28 días. Las muestras de sangre se obtuvieron desde las 0 hasta las 96 horas después de la administración del medicamento. Los niveles plasmáticos de clonazepam se determinaron con un método validado por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia con detección ultravioleta (HPLC/UV, siglas en inglés). Los parámetros farmacocinéticos ABC0-96, ABC0-∞, Cmax , Tmax, t1/2, and ke se determinaron de los perfiles plasmáticos concentración-tiempo por el método no compartimental. El test de bioequivalencia se realizó con los datos transformados a logaritmo natural (ln) de ABC0-∞ and Cmax. Los intervalos de confianza del 90% para la relación producto de prueba/producto de referencia fueron de 87,9% a 103,6% y 84,4% a 104,0%, respectivamente. Estos resultados estuvieron dentro de los rangos de aceptación del 80,0% al 125%, establecidos por la FDA y se concluyó que ambos productos son bioequivalentes.ABSTRACT: In order to determine the bioequivalence of two formulations of clonazepam 2 mg tablets: Sedatril® / Clonazepam MK (Tecnoquímicas S. A., Cali, Colombia) as a test product and Rivotril® (Roche Químicos e Farmacêuticas S. A., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) as a reference product, a bioavailability study was performed in 26 healthy volunteers. Test and reference products were administered under fasting conditions following a single dose, two-sequences, two treatments, crossover randomized design with a 28-day-washout period. Blood samples were obtained from 0 to 96 hours after dosing. Plasma clonazepam levels were determined by a validated high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection method (HPLC/UV). ABC0-96, ABC0-∞, Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, and ke , pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma level-time profiles by a noncompartmental method. ln-trasformed ABC0-∞ and Cmax were tested for bioequivalence. 90%-confidence intervals for test/reference ratio of these parameters were 87.9% to 103.6% and 84.4% to 104.0%, respectively. These results were within the FDA acceptance range of 80% to 125% and it was concluded that both products were bioequivalent

Land mammal from the late miocene to recent in Argentina: Fifty years of research

Ameghiniana was created 50 years ago. During this lapse, the late Cenozoic paleomastozoology developed exponentially in Argentina. Many of the papers dealed with systematics. However, fossil mammals were also used for establish the chronological scale based on a biostratigraphic sequence of faunas mainly from the Pampean area. This scale proved valid for other South American areas. Besides, mammals were used as proxies for understanding the continental climatic evolution and, at the same time, biogeographic studies flourished. In recent years, many paleoecological and morphofunctional studies were carried out. Certainly, the last 50 years were the most productive time in Argentina since the pioneering work of Florentino Ameghino.Museo de La Plat