Comparison of micronuclei frequency in bone marrow cells of three rat lines

The aim of this paper is to compare the spontaneous and induced with cyclophosphamide micronucleus indexes in bone marrow cells of the Sprague Dawley, Lewis and Wistar rat lines. Five experimental groups were formed (10 animals of each sex and of each line, in every group). The first group was used as the negative control (intact animals), the second one was exposed to oral administration of drugs; other conditions were the same as for the other groups. The third group was treated with 2 % Tween 65 and the fourth group was treated with 0.9 % NaCl. Both substances were administered by oral way to 2 ml/kg during 14 days. The fifth group was treated intraperitoneally with strong mutagen cyclophosphamide in the dose of 50 mg/kg (10 ml/kg in solution), on 48th and 24th hours before euthanasia. The Sprague Dawley line (both sexes) was significantly different from the other lines. Rats of this line had lower index of spontaneous formation of micronuclei, higher index of cyclophosphamide­induced micronucle formation, percent of micronucleated erythrocytes in bone marrow and the index of cytotoxicity. The results obtained make it possible to identify the most appropriate line of rats as model animals for studies of genotoxicity. It will allow also to obtain more accurate estimates of genotoxicity of various substances.Сравнивали спонтанные и индуцированные циклофосфамидом микроядерные индексы в клетках костного мозга трех линий крыс – Sprague Dawley, Льюис и Вистар. Сформировали пять экспериментальных групп (по 10 животных каждого пола и линии в каждой группе). Первую группу использовали в качестве негативного контроля (интактные животные), вторая служила контролем влияния перорального приема препаратов. Все условия содержания были одинаковыми для всех групп животных. Крыс третьей группы обрабатывали 2 % Tween 65, а четвертой группы – 0,9 % NaCl. Оба вещества вводили перорально в дозе 2 мл/кг в течение 14 дней. Животных пятой группы обрабатывали внутрибрюшинно циклофосфамидом в дозе 50 мг/кг (10 мл/кг раствора), за 48 и 24 ч до эвтаназии. Линия Sprague Dawley (оба пола) существенно отличается от других. Крысы этой линии имели низкие показатели спонтанного образования микроядер и высокий индекс при индукции циклофосфамидом, а также процент эритроцитов с микроядрами в костном мозге и индекс цитотоксичности. Полученные результаты позволяют определить наиболее подходящие линии крыс в качестве модельных животных для изучения генотоксичности. Это также позволит получать более точные оценки генотоксичности различных веществ. Порівнювали спонтанні та індуковані циклофосфамідом мікроядерні індекси в клітинах кісткового мозку трьох ліній щурів – Sprague Dawley, Люіс і Вистар.Сформували п’ять експериментальних груп (по 10 тварин кожної статі і лінії в кожній групі). Першу групу використали як негативний контроль (інтактні тварини), друга слугувала контролем впливу перорального прийому препаратів. Всі умови утримання були однаковими для всіх груп тварин. Щурів третьої групи обробляли 2 % Тween 65, а четвертої групи – 0,9 % NaCl. Обидві речовини вводили перорально в дозі 2 мл/кг впродовж 14 днів. Тварин п’ятої групи обробляли внутрішньочеревно циклофосфамідом в дозі 50 мг/кг (10 мл/кг розчину), за 48 і 24 год до евтаназії. Лінія Sprague Dawley (обидві статі) істотно відрізнялась від інших. Щури цієї лінії мали низькі показники спонтанного утворення мікроядер і високий індекс при індукції циклофосфамідом, а також відсоток еритроцитів з мікроядрами в кістковому мозку та індекс цитотоксичності. Отримані результати дозволяють визначити найбільш відповідні лінії щурів як модельних тварин для вивчення генотоксичності. Це також дозволить отримувати точніші оцінки генотоксичності різних речовин

Perfil antigénico celular de cepas aisladas de Leptospira en León y Chinandega, Nicaragua

Objetivo. El siguiente trabajo se desarrollo con el objetivo de determinar los perfiles antigénicos celulares que sean reconocidos por el suero de personas vacunados con vax-SPIRAL® de cepas obtenidas de los departamentos de León y Chinandega. Métodos. Se analizaron cepas aisladas de hemocultivos tomadas de casos con sospecha clínica de leptospirosis, determinándose los perfiles antigénicos mediante electroforesis de células enteras y western blotting usando como anticuerpos, sueros provenientes de personas vacunadas con vax-SPIRAL®. Resultados y conclusiones. Se evidenció una gran homología antigénica entre todas las cepas estudiadas. Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que en los departamentos de León y Chinandega circulan cepas de L. interrogans con un fuerte reconocimientoObjective.The following work was development with the objective of determining the profiles cellular antigenics that are recognized by the serum of people vaccinated with vax-SPIRAL® of obtained strains of the León and Chinandega departments. Methods. Blood cultures samples were analyzed taken in sharp phase to cases with suspicion leptospirosis clinic, being determined the profiles antigenics by means of electrophoresis of whole cells and western blotting using as antibodies, serums coming from people vaccinated with vax-SPIRAL®. Results and conclusions. A great antigenic homology was evidenced among all the studied strains. The present study results suggest that in León and Chinandega departments circulate L. interrogans strains with a strong antigenic recognition front of serums of people vaccinated with vax-SPIRAL®

Comparison of the Sprague Dawley rat’s response against cyclophosphamide and bleomycin in the head sperm morphology assay

El ensayo de la morfología de la cabeza del espermatozoide permite el estudio del potencial genotóxico de muestras problemas a nivel celular, esta herramienta evalúa los cambios efectuados en la concentración espermática, así como el aumento de la frecuencia espontánea de cabezas de espermatozoides morfológicamente anormales. En este artículo decidimos evaluar y comparar en el biomodelo de ratas Sprague Dawley machos, el efecto de dos sustancias mutagénicas en este ensayo, la Ciclofosfamida (CF) en dosis de 50 mg/kg y la Bleomicina (BL) en dosis de 30 mg/kg, administradas por vía intraperitoneal durante 5 días consecutivos, siendo sacrificados los animales 52 días después de la última administración de los mutágenos. Se obtuvo como resultado que ambos mutágenos disminuyeron la concentración espermática y aumentaron el índice espontáneo de cabezas anómalas en los espermatozoides, siendo observado un marcado efecto mutagénico en la CF en comparación con la BL. Al final de la experiencia se obtuvieron mayores resultados de inducción de cabezas de espermatozoides anómalas con el uso de la CF. Estos resultados reafirman el uso de este mutágeno como control positivo eficiente y seguro en este ensayo el cual se encuentra incluido en los estudios de genotoxicidad y toxicología de la fertilidad.The head sperm morphology assay, allows the study of the genotoxic potencial of samples at the cellular level problems; this tool to evaluate the spermatic concentration changes, as well as the increase of the spontaneous heads frequency of sperms morphology abnormal. In this article we decide to evaluate and to compare in the Sprague Dawley males rats, the effect of two mutagenic substances in these assay, the Cyclophosphamide, (CF) in dose of 50 mg/kg and the Bleomycin (BL) in dose of 30 mg/kg, administered by intraperitoneal route during 5 consecutive days, being sacrificed the animals 52 days after the last administration of the mutagens. It was obtained that both mutagen diminished the spermatic concentration and they increased the spontaneous index of anomalous sperms heads, being observed a marked mutagenic effect in the CF in comparison with the BL. At the end of the experience bigger results of induction of anomalous heads sperms were obtained with the use of the CF. These results reaffirm the use of this mutagen as efficient and safe positive control in this assay which is included in the genotoxicity studies and fertility toxicology

Impacto de los cambios realizados en la etapa de multiplicación celular durante la obtención de la Sustancia Sensibilizante de Eritrocitos utilizada en el diagnóstico serológico de la Leptospirosis

Introducción: En Cuba desde 1981 se tiene implementada la hemoaglutinación indirecta como técnica diagnostica de Leptospirosis de forma alternativa en ausencia de otras que pueden ser más costosas pero efectivas en los diferentes estadios de la enfermedad. Para el desarrollo de la técnica se hace necesaria la sustancia sensibilizante de eritrocitos (SSE), asumiendo su producción el Instituto Finlay en el año 2009, a partir de una tecnología obsoleta en la etapa de multiplicación celular. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar cambios en esta etapa para obtener la SSE con los medios de cultivos disponibles en la planta de producción para el óptimo rendimiento del producto, sin afectar la actividad biológica como parámetro fundamental de calidad. Métodos. Fueron formados 8 grupos experimentales teniendo en cuenta: cepa productora (cepa LABIOFAM y cepa Finlay) medio de cultivo (MK y EMJH) y condiciones de cultivos (estático o agitado). Resultados y conclusión. Se obtuvo como resultado que la mejor variante fue en la que se utilizó la cepa de LABIOFAM, crecimiento en medio MEJH y agitado, con una disminución considerable en el tiempo de obtención de la SSE mediante esta nueva tecnología, con un título consistente con las exigencias de calidad. Permitiendo así comenzar los diferentes diseños de estudios de estabilidad y registro del producto.Introduction: In Cuba since 1981 has implemented the indirect hemagglutination as an alternative technique of Leptospirosis diagnosed, in the absence of others that may be more costly but effective at different stages of the disease. For the development of the technique requires the Erythrocytes Sensitize Substance (ESS), assuming the production Finlay Institute in 2009, from obsolete technology in the process of cell multiplication. Objective: The aim of this study was to make changes at this stage to obtain the ESS with the culture media available at the plant for optimum product performance, without affecting the biological activity as the basic parameter of quality. Methods: Eight experimental groups were formed according to multifactorial design, taking into account: production strain (LABIOFAM or Finlay strain of L. biflexa Patoc I), culture medium (MK and MEJH) and culture conditions (static or agitated). Results and conclusion: We obtained as a result that the best variant was the combination (LABIOFAM strain, growth in MEJH and agitated), with a considerable decrease in the time of the ESS obtaining by means of this new technology, with a consistent title with the demands of quality. This work allowed to use the best variant to begin the different designs of stability studies of the product

Characterization of new Leptospira spp. isolates from Nicaragua Republic for the development of future antileptospirosic vaccine preparations

Leptospirosis constitutes a current problem on animal health. Although, there are vaccines available in the market, they have as main disadvantage the low cross-protection specific serogroup/serovar. Due to this situation it is important to have virulent and characterized strains of the serogroup or serovar of epidemic interest

European and Asian contribution to the genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens

Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from the Americas have long been recognized as descendants of European chickens, transported by early Europeans since the fifteenth century. However, in recent years, a possible pre-Columbian introduction of chickens to South America by Polynesian seafarers has also been suggested. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial control region genetic diversity of modern chicken populations from South America and compare this to a worldwide dataset in order to investigate the potential maternal genetic origin of modern-day chicken populations in South America. The genetic analysis of newly generated chicken mitochondrial control region sequences from South America showed that the majority of chickens from the continent belong to mitochondrial haplogroup E. The rest belongs to haplogroups A, B and C, albeit at very low levels. Haplogroup D, a ubiquitous mitochondrial lineage in Island Southeast Asia and on Pacific Islands is not observed in continental South America. Modern-day mainland South American chickens are, therefore, closely allied with European and Asian chickens. Furthermore, we find high levels of genetic contributions from South Asian chickens to those in Europe and South America. Our findings demonstrate that modern-day genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens appear to have clear European and Asian contributions, and less so from Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, there is also some indication that South Asia has more genetic contribution to European chickens than any other Asian chicken populations.Michael B. Herrera, Spiridoula Kraitsek, Jose A. Alcalde, Daniel Quiroz .... Vicki Thomson ... Jeremy J. Austin ... et al

Trail Making Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish-speaking pediatric population

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 3,337 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the TMT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. The TMT-A and TMT-B scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age on both scores, such that as children needed less time to complete the test while they become older. TMT-A scores were affected by age2 for all countries except, Cuba, Guatemala, and Puerto. TMT-B scores were affected by age2 for all countries except, Guatemala and Puerto Rico. Models indicated that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years of education needed less time to complete the test compared to children whose parent(s) had a MLPE ≤12 years for Mexico and Paraguay in TMT-A scores; and Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, and Spain for TMT-B scores. Sex affected TMT-A scores for Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Peru, in that boys needed less time to complete the test than girls. Sex did not affect TMT-B scores. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate approach to interpret the TMT in pediatric populations

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd

The solar particle acceleration radiation and kinetics (SPARK) mission concept

Particle acceleration is a fundamental process arising in many astrophysical objects, including active galactic nuclei, black holes, neutron stars, gamma-ray bursts, accretion disks, solar and stellar coronae, and planetary magnetospheres. Its ubiquity means energetic particles permeate the Universe and influence the conditions for the emergence and continuation of life. In our solar system, the Sun is the most energetic particle accelerator, and its proximity makes it a unique laboratory in which to explore astrophysical particle acceleration. However, despite its importance, the physics underlying solar particle acceleration remain poorly understood. The SPARK mission will reveal new discoveries about particle acceleration through a uniquely powerful and complete combination of γ-ray, X-ray, and EUV imaging and spectroscopy at high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. SPARK’s instruments will provide a step change in observational capability, enabling fundamental breakthroughs in our understanding of solar particle acceleration and the phenomena associated with it, such as the evolution of solar eruptive events. By providing essential diagnostics of the processes that drive the onset and evolution of solar flares and coronal mass ejections, SPARK will elucidate the underlying physics of space weather events that can damage satellites and power grids, disrupt telecommunications and GPS navigation, and endanger astronauts in space. The prediction of such events and the mitigation of their potential impacts are crucial in protecting our terrestrial and space-based infrastructure