Creencias, catolicismos y violencias en el contexto de las modernidades y secularizaciones múltiples. Hacia un rediseño de algunas políticas y prácticas en la Iglesia Católica

Múltiples estudios realizados desde distintas disciplinas dan cuenta de significativas transformaciones en las creencias y en las prácticas religiosas en las últimas décadas. Estos procesos son caracterizados de diversas maneras: secularización de la vida cotidiana, pluralismo religioso, privatización e individualización de la religión, aparición de nuevos movimientos fundamentalistas, etc. Entre otras cuestiones, dichos estudios abordan, de manera específica, la desinstitucionalización de las creencias, en el marco de una progresiva pérdida de relieve de todas las instituciones en las sociedades occidentales. Determinados colectivos, especialmente los jóvenes, se ven afectados de manera más radical por estos procesos. Al mismo tiempo, algunas investigaciones actuales hacen foco en los vínculos estrechos entre religiones monoteístas y violencias, tanto en el plano teorético como en el histórico; particularmente en el contexto latinoamericano y argentino, se revisan actores y actuaciones de la Iglesia católica ante situaciones concretas como el terrorismo de estado. En ese marco complejo, el presente proyecto se propone, mediante diversas líneas simultáneas de investigación, analizar críticamente las transformaciones de las creencias y vivencias religiosas del catolicismo en el contexto de las secularizaciones múltiples de las últimas décadas, en orden a una comprensión más amplia y precisa de los procesos personales e institucionales, y a contribuir al rediseño de políticas y prácticas de la Iglesia católica que le permitan responder con acierto y credibilidad.Fil: Rosolino, Guillermo José de Jesús. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Schickendantz, Carlos Federico. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Mingo, Alejandro Damián. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Morello, Enzo Gustavo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentin

Creencias, catolicismos y violencias en el contexto de las modernidades y secularizaciones múltiples. Hacia un rediseño de algunas políticas y prácticas en la Iglesia Católica

Múltiples estudios realizados desde distintas disciplinas dan cuenta de significativas transformaciones en las creencias y en las prácticas religiosas en las últimas décadas. Estos procesos son caracterizados de diversas maneras: secularización de la vida cotidiana, pluralismo religioso, privatización e individualización de la religión, aparición de nuevos movimientos fundamentalistas, etc. Entre otras cuestiones, dichos estudios abordan, de manera específica, la desinstitucionalización de las creencias, en el marco de una progresiva pérdida de relieve de todas las instituciones en las sociedades occidentales. Determinados colectivos, especialmente los jóvenes, se ven afectados de manera más radical por estos procesos. Al mismo tiempo, algunas investigaciones actuales hacen foco en los vínculos estrechos entre religiones monoteístas y violencias, tanto en el plano teorético como en el histórico; particularmente en el contexto latinoamericano y argentino, se revisan actores y actuaciones de la Iglesia católica ante situaciones concretas como el terrorismo de estado. En ese marco complejo, el presente proyecto se propone, mediante diversas líneas simultáneas de investigación, analizar críticamente las transformaciones de las creencias y vivencias religiosas del catolicismo en el contexto de las secularizaciones múltiples de las últimas décadas, en orden a una comprensión más amplia y precisa de los procesos personales e institucionales, y a contribuir al rediseño de políticas y prácticas de la Iglesia católica que le permitan responder con acierto y credibilidad.Fil: Rosolino, Guillermo José de Jesús. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Schickendantz, Carlos Federico. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Mingo, Alejandro Damián. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Morello, Enzo Gustavo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentin

The influence of online banking service quality on e-customer satisfaction and e-customer loyalty.

En el ámbito digital, la calidad del servicio bancario por internet posee diferentes dimensiones que impactan directamente en la satisfacción electrónica del consumidor (e-customer satisfaction) y que este, posteriormente desarrolla una lealtad en el mismo (e-customer loyalty). El propósito de esta propuesta inicial de investigación busca conocer a profundidad sobre los conceptos anteriormente mencionados, así como rescatar aquellas teorías y aprendizajes manifestados en estudios anteriores y similares a la presente investigación. Además, el presente estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, por lo que se aplicarán encuestas a personas entre 25 y 45 años que residan en Lima Metropolitana y que hayan realizado algún trámite o transacción a través de la página web de alguna entidad bancaria. Asimismo, para el análisis de los datos obtenidos se utilizará el software SPSS AMOS.In the digital field, online banking service quality has many dimensions that impact directly on the e-satisfaction for the customers which later on develops loyalty on the customers themselves. The objective of this first approach aims to know the concepts explained before, as well as identify theories and learnings found on previous and similar studies to this research. Additionally, this is a quantitative research, therefore surveys to 25 to 45-year-old people living in Metropolitan Lima and who had carried out any procedure or transaction through any bank web page will be applied. Finally, the results will be analyzed through the software SPSS AMOS.Trabajo de investigació

Teología, estudios de las mujeres y estudios de género = Theology, women's studies and gender studies

Tras 15 años de publicación (2003-2018), se elabora este Boletín Bibliográfico como un signo de la permanente colaboraci´´´on del Programa de Estudios Teologanda y la revista Stromata. El boletín presenta reseñas distribuidas en tres secciones: Biblia, Teología y otras disciplinas

Emergence of Fosfomycin Resistance by Plasmid-Mediated <i>fos</i> Genes in Uropathogenic ESBL-Producing <i>E. coli</i> Isolates in Mexico

Fosfomycin is currently a viable option against urinary tract infections, particularly against extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli, due to its unique mechanism of action and its low resistance among bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate two of the three most common mechanisms of resistance against this antibiotic among 350 ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from the urine of Mexican patients. The prevalence of fosfomycin resistance in our study was 10.9% (38/350). Of all resistant isolates analyzed, 23 (60.5%) were identified as fos-producing organisms, with 14 strains carrying fosA3 and 9, fosA1. Additionally, 11 (28.9%) fosfomycin-resistant isolates presented resistance due to impaired antibiotic transport and 8 (21.0%) both mechanisms. No resistance mechanism investigated in the study was found on 12 strains. All 38 confirmed ESBL-producing isolates carried a blaCTX-M subtype, 36 (94.5%) belonged to the O25b-ST131 clone, and all of them were able to transfer the fosfomycin resistance trait to recipient strains horizontally. This is the first study in Mexico demonstrating a plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance mechanism among clinical E. coli strains. Since our results suggest a strong association among fos and blaCTX-M genes and ST131 clones in uropathogenic E. coli, plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance should be closely monitored

Drug resistance phenotypes and genotypes in Mexico in representative gram-negative species: Results from the infivar network.

AimThis report presents phenotypic and genetic data on the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and representative carbapenemases-producing Gram-negative species in Mexico.Material and methodsA total of 52 centers participated, 43 hospital-based laboratories and 9 external laboratories. The distribution of antimicrobial resistance data for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in selected clinical specimens from January 1 to March 31, 2020 was analyzed using the WHONET 5.6 platform. The following clinical isolates recovered from selected specimens were included: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ESBL or carbapenem-resistant E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii complex, and P. aeruginosa. Strains were genotyped to detect ESBL and/or carbapenemase-encoding genes.ResultsAmong blood isolates, A. baumannii complex showed more than 68% resistance for all antibiotics tested, and among Enterobacteria, E. cloacae complex showed higher resistance to carbapenems. A. baumannii complex showed a higher resistance pattern for respiratory specimens, with only amikacin having a resistance lower than 70%. Among K. pneumoniae isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 68.79%, 72.3%, and 91.9% of isolates, respectively. Among E. coli isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 20.8%, 4.53%, and 85.7% isolates, respectively. For both species, the most frequent genotype was blaCTX-M-15. Among Enterobacteriaceae, the most frequently detected carbapenemase-encoding gene was blaNDM-1 (81.5%), followed by blaOXA-232 (14.8%) and blaoxa-181(7.4%), in A. baumannii was blaOXA-24 (76%) and in P. aeruginosa, was blaIMP (25.3%), followed by blaGES and blaVIM (13.1% each).ConclusionOur study reports that NDM-1 is the most frequent carbapenemase-encoding gene in Mexico in Enterobacteriaceae with the circulation of the oxacillinase genes 181 and 232. KPC, in contrast to other countries in Latin America and the USA, is a rare occurrence. Additionally, a high circulation of ESBL blaCTX-M-15 exists in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

A snapshot of antimicrobial resistance in Mexico. Results from 47 centers from 20 states during a six-month period.

AIM:We aimed to assess the resistance rates of antimicrobial-resistant, in bacterial pathogens of epidemiological importance in 47 Mexican centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS:In this retrospective study, we included a stratified sample of 47 centers, covering 20 Mexican states. Selected isolates considered as potential causatives of disease collected over a 6-month period were included. Laboratories employed their usual methods to perform microbiological studies. The results were deposited into a database and analyzed with the WHONET 5.6 software. RESULTS:In this 6-month study, a total of 22,943 strains were included. Regarding Gram-negatives, carbapenem resistance was detected in ≤ 3% in Escherichia coli, 12.5% in Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp., and up to 40% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa; in the latter, the resistance rate for piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) was as high as 19.1%. In Acinetobacter sp., resistance rates for cefepime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and TZP were higher than 50%. Regarding Gram-positives, methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was as high as 21.4%, and vancomycin (VAN) resistance reached up to 21% in Enterococcus faecium. Acinetobacter sp. presented the highest multidrug resistance (53%) followed by Klebsiella sp. (22.6%) and E. coli (19.4%). CONCLUSION:The multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and E. coli and the carbapenem resistance in specific groups of enterobacteria deserve special attention in Mexico. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and MRSA are common in our hospitals. Our results present valuable information for the implementation of measures to control drug resistance

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially