Impactos da violência obstétrica às mulheres brasileiras: uma revisão integrativa

The aim is to identify scientific studies about obstetric violence caused by health professionals and to evaluate its consequences. This is an integrative literature review of articles published in Portuguese selected from the VHL, WoS, SciELO and PubMed databases. The articles were chosen through the search with the descriptors: Obstetric violence, health professionals, women, Brazil and health impacts, using the Boolean operator AND as a tool for crossing the descriptors. Nine articles published in the period from 2015 to 2022 were reviewed. Obstetric violence can be associated with verbal and psychological offenses, for that it is necessary to detect the physical and psychological impacts of such impetuosity, since it has repercussions on trauma, pain, postpartum depression, development of anxiety and lower demand for health services after childbirth. It appears, therefore, the existence of limitations involving the theme, due to the scarcity of direct and objective literature, requiring the development of more research.Objetiva-se identificar estudos científicos acerca da violência obstétrica causada por profissionais da área da saúde e avaliar suas consequências. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos publicados em português selecionados nas bases de dados BVS, WoS, SciELO e PubMed. Os artigos foram escolhidos por meio da busca com os descritores: Violência obstétrica, profissionais da saúde, mulheres, Brasil e impactos na saúde, sendo utilizado o operador booleano AND como ferramenta para o cruzamento dos descritores. Foram revisados 09 artigos publicados no período de 2015 a 2022. A violência obstétrica pode estar associada a ofensas verbais e psicológicas, para tanto é necessário detectar os impactos físicos e psicológicos de tal impetuosidade, visto que repercute em traumas, dores, depressão pós-parto, desenvolvimento de ansiedade e menor procura nos serviços de saúde após o parto. Depreende-se, portanto, a existência de limitações envolvendo a temática, devido à escassez na literatura direta e objetiva, sendo necessário o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas

Programa Audiologia na Escola - Educação Continuada e Saúde Auditiva: Audiology at School Program - Continuing Education and Hearing Health

RESUMO O presente artigo discorre sobre o Programa Audiologia na Escola: Educação Continuada e Saúde Auditiva, da Universidade de Brasília, Campus Ceilândia, que desenvolve ações com pré-escolares e escolares de triagem auditiva e do processamento auditivo e atividades que buscam estimular as habilidades auditivas, desenvolve atividades com professores e alunos do ensino médio acerca dos efeitos do uso excessivo de ruídos externos e de fones de ouvido, triagem auditiva em crianças com TEA na ANDE e em trabalhadores do CIR/DF, realizando também a medição de ruído do ambiente através do decibelímetro nesse local, além de trabalhos informativos via redes sociais. Aproximadamente 300 alunos do 1º e 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental já passaram pelo processo de triagem e sessões de estimulação, 16 crianças com TEA passaram pelas etapas de ASPA e EOA, sendo o último realizado com 59 trabalhadores. Ambientado nas redes, o Instagram do projeto contém 877 seguidores e possui 193 publicações. Os resultados obtidos proporcionam aos alunos a devida prevenção ou aprimoramento do processamento auditivo, contribuindo significativamente na atuação dos educadores e na aquisição e desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. Dessa forma, a estimulação precoce é adequada para o aperfeiçoamento das habilidades auditivas, tal como as ações de promoção e prevenção que o projeto realiza. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Audiologia, estimulação, estudantes, saúde do trabalhador. ABSTRACT This article discusses the Audiology at School Program: Continuing Education and Hearing Health, from the University of Brasília, Campus Ceilândia, which develops hearing screening and auditory processing actions with preschoolers and schoolchildren and activities that seek to stimulate auditory skills, develops activities with teachers and high school students about the effects of excessive use of external noise and headphones, hearing screening in children with ASD at ANDE and in CIR/DF workers, also carrying out the measurement of ambient noise through the decibel meter in this place, in addition to informative works via social networks. Approximately 300 students from the 1st and 2nd year of Elementary School have already gone through the screening process and stimulation sessions, 16 children with ASD have gone through the ASPA and EOA stages, the last one being carried out with 59 workers. Set in networks, the project’s Instagram has 877 followers and 193 publications. The results obtained provide students with the proper prevention or improvement of auditory processing, contributing significantly to the performance of educators and to the acquisition and development of learning. Thus, early stimulation is suitable for the improvement of auditory skills, as well as the promotion and prevention actions that the project carries out. KEYWORDS: Students, audiology, stimulation, occupational health

Aspectos anatomopatológicos das neoplasias malignas renais: Anatomopathological aspects of malignant renal neoplasms

As neoplasias renais correspondem ao crescimento exacerbado de células tumorais no interior dos rins, classificadas como benignas ou malignas. Neste estudo será abordado sobre as neoplasias malignas renais, a qual correspondem a maior prevalência e são representadas pelo carcinoma de células renais e o tumor de Wilms, com a finalidade de descrever a respeito dos aspectos anatomopatológicos, disseminando informações para o diagnóstico e manejo precoce. O carcinoma de células renais é mais prevalente no sexo masculino, indivíduos mais velhos, geralmente assintomático, contribuindo para o diagnóstico tardio junto a existência de metástases e terapêutica irresponsiva. Não se trata de uma doença genética, sendo o caráter esporádico o predominante, neste contexto os fatores de risco, sobretudo o tabagismo em seguida de obesidade hemodiálise e doenças genéticas são potenciais desencadeantes da enfermidade. Os exames complementares associado a clínica, junto ao acompanhamento eleva a possibilidade de identificação antes de avanços metastáticos. O tumor de Wilms é típico de crianças, acometendo um ou ambos os rins, normalmente com alguma anomalia genética, sendo os sinais inespecíficos, mas sempre manifestando massa palpável e dor abdominal, a qual os métodos de imagem confirmam o diagnóstico e estimam o prognóstico deste. Neste contexto, elucida-se a transcendência que os aspectos anatomopatológicos das neoplasias malignas renais oferecem para a diagnose precoce, devido a escassez e inespecificidafe das manifestações clínicas. Logo, a junção do perfil de cada neoplasia abordado conduz ao manejo adequado e reduz a incidência de tratamentos agressivos e irresponsivos

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Infected Implants

This chapter addresses infections associated with artificial devices of a specialized nature. Optimal treatment requires participation of surgical specialists experienced in the management of these difficult infections. This is especially the case for pseudophakic endophthalmitis, in which therapy includes intraocular injections.INTRAOCULAR LENS-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS (PSEUDOPHAKIC ENDOPHTHALMITIS)Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed operations in the United States. More than 1 million intraocular lenses are implanted each year. Pseudophakic endophthalmitis is a serious complication after cataract surgery, and despite modern pharmacological and surgical methods, its treatment is still difficult and may threaten visual acuity. Fortunately, the incidence of pseudophakic endophthalmitis is very low. Pseudophakic endophthalmitis is thought to occur as a consequence of contamination with flora of the conjunctival sac or lid margin at the time of surgery. There also have been reports of infections arising from contamination of lenses and neutralizing and storage solutions.The differential diagnosis of endophthalmitis following cataract extraction includes sterile inflammation as well as bacterial and fungal infection. The most common presenting signs and symptoms include pain in the involved eye, decreased visual acuity, red eye, lid edema, hypopyon, and absent or poor red reflex. A single bacterial strain is usually isolated; the most common pathogen is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (approximately 50% in one large series) followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Virtually any microorganism can be implicated

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of individuals with very high rapid plasma reagin

The objective of the study was to identify clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with infectious syphilis who presented with a high rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titre (≥1: 512) during the year of 2009 at the Miami Dade County Health Department (MDCHD) STD clinic. Potential cases were identified by a search in the electronic database. Among 519 individuals identified with reactive RPR, 190 individuals met criteria for infectious syphilis and 32 of them had at least one RPR titre of ≥1: 512. We found that the majority of individuals with high RPR were men who have sex with men (82%), from ethnic minorities (91%), and HIV infected (75%) but only 3 of them were on antiretroviral therapy. Overall, 50% of these patients with very high RPR titres were symptomatic, and the most common symptom was skin rash (93%)

Risk Factors for Anal Dysplasia in Transgender Women: A Retrospective Chart Review

The aim of the study was to assess risk factors for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and anal dysplasia among a cohort of transgender women (TGW). A retrospective chart review was conducted based on electronic medical records of TGW patients seen in the University of Miami Health System between 2010 and 2016. Outcome measures included risk factors of anal dysplasia, including HIV infection, receptive anal intercourse, and smoking history. Descriptive statistical analysis and χ testing were used. Sixty-nine TGW patients' charts were reviewed. Patients' ages ranged from 18 to 72 (mean = 38 [15]). Twenty-two (30%) were older than 50 years; 10 (15%) were black/African descent; 20 (29%) reported a smoking history; 6 (9%) were HIV positive, and 28 (72%) among those with known partner preference (n = 39) reported male partners. Male partner preference was significantly associated with being black/African descent (p = .009) and being single (p = .048). Older age was significantly associated with HIV-positive status (p = .023). The average number of risk factors per person was 2.10 (0.97). Sixty-one years or older had the highest average number of risk factors (2.90 [0.88]). Because rates of HIV, dangerous sexual behaviors, and other risk factors for anal dysplasia continue to persist among TGW, this study reinforces the need to increase the focus on anal health in the care of TGW and the need for further research to guide patient care and anal dysplasia screening strategies among those individuals