Utilização de SIG “open source” no ordenamento apícola.

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica - Recursos Agro-Florestais e Ambientais.A apicultura assume um papel indispensável no ambiente pois as abelhas, para além de produzirem mel, própolis, geleia real e apitoxina assumem-se como principais polinizadores em diversos ecossistemas. O ordenamento do espaço rural de um modo geral e especificamente o ordenamento apícola é uma temática multidisciplinar, dado que envolve o conhecimento da apicultura e dos seus regulamentos, da economia, da modelação espacial, e da saúde pública. Neste estudo foi abrangida a área controlada da Associação dos Apicultores do Parque Natural de Montesinho; a área controlada da Meltagus, Associação de apicultores do Parque Natural do tejo internacional; e a área controlada da Apilegre, Associação do Apicultores do Nordeste do Alentejo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para avaliar o potencial apícola com recurso a Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) open source. A avaliação do potencial apícola foi realizada através de análise multicritério espacial integrando um conjunto dados espaciais: fontes emissoras de radiação eletromagnética, ocupação do solo, radiação solar, rede hidrográfica, e rede viária. A produção da carta de potencial apícola permite avaliar a localização dos apiários atuais e selecionar as zonas para instalação e ou deslocalização de apiários. Neste sentido, foi demonstrada a capacidade dos SIG no apoio à tomada de decisão no ordenamento apícola.Abstract The beekeeping has an imperative role in the environment because the bees besides the production of honey, propolis, royal jelly and apitoxin they are assumed as the main pollinators on several ecosystems. The rural planning in general and the beekeeping planning in particular is an multidisciplinary subject, due it involves the knowledge of beekeeping and his regulations, economics, space modulation and public health. The study area included the controlled area of the Association of Beekeepers of the Natural Park of Montesinho; the controlled area of Meltagus, Beekeepers Association of the international Tejo Natural Park and the controlled area of Apilegre, Beekeepers Association of Northeast of Alentejo. The purpose of this work is developing a methodology to evaluate the beekeeping suitability with open source Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For the evaluation of beekeeping suitability, was used, spatial multicriteria analysis analysis integrating a series of space data: electromagnetic radiation sources, soil occupation, solar radiation, hydrographic system and road network. The beekeeping suitability map, allows the evaluation the degree of compliance of the apiaries located. In this sense, the potential of GIS in Apiculture, in the context of beekeeping planning, is evidenced in order to optimize the location of apiaries

Análise dos fatores de risco de acidente vascular encefálico em adultos jovens

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) ou Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), também chamado popularmente de "Derrame cerebral", é uma patologia que ocorre quando há aporte inadequado de sangue à área vascular do encéfalo. Essa patologia pode ser classificada como AVC isquêmico, AVC isquêmico transitório ou AVC hemorrágico. Muitos são os fatores de risco que podem levar ao AVC, entre eles estão hábitos de vida e doenças preexistentes. Os fatores de risco associados aos casos de AVC em adultos jovens serão analisados nesse estudo. Trata-se de uma mini- revisão da literatura, a partir da seleção de artigos nas plataformas Pubmed, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) utilizando os descritores “stroke”; “risk factores” e “adult young”. Essa análise é indispensável para se prevenir a ocorrência da patologia em uma idade ainda jovem. O AVC, além de ser responsável por várias mortes no país e no mundo, também pode levar à incapacidades físicas e mentais. O conhecimento aprofundado dos fatores de risco também é fundamental para o tratamento adequado dos indivíduos já acometidos pela patologia

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Geospatial analysis applied to seroepidemiological survey of canine leishmaniosis in east-central Portugal

Despite the high prevalence of canine Leishmania infantum infection in Portugal, significant differences associated with different risk factors can be found between geographically contiguous areas. In this study, a geographical area within the central region of Portugal (municipalities of Proença-a-Nova, Mação and Vila de Rei) was investigated. An epidemiological survey involved the analysis by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum samples collected during the anti-rabies vaccination campaign from 282 dogs. Geospatial analysis showed the distribution of geospatial prevalence of leishmaniosis and has delimited two areas (clusters) with a statistically significant higher risk of seropositivity in dogs (p =  0.003 and p = 0.027, for clusters 1 and 2, respectively). The highest seroprevalence (56.0%; CI: 41.2-70.0) was found in Vila de Rei. Five land occupation types showed a possible influence on the geographic distribution of seropositivity, with statistically significant differences between seropositive and seronegative dogs. Land occupied by temporary irrigated crops (p =  0.026), olive groves (p =  0.013), complex cultural systems and parcelling (p =  0.021), open forests, logging and new plantations (p =  0.043) and watercourses (p =  0.012) influenced the geographical distribution of canine Leishmania infection. Seropositive dogs had a greater average area of occupied land (i.e. open forests, logging and new plantations) than the seronegative ones (3.1439 km2 versus 2.5650 km2, respectively; p =  0.043).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Study of chronic toxicity of the glyphosate herbicide on seeds of parsley, lettuce and coriander

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2018-09-21T14:08:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ana Paula do Nascimento - 2009.pdf: 151859 bytes, checksum: 334baaea343c59da1a220c80bcc0ced2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2018-09-21T14:43:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ana Paula do Nascimento - 2009.pdf: 151859 bytes, checksum: 334baaea343c59da1a220c80bcc0ced2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T14:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ana Paula do Nascimento - 2009.pdf: 151859 bytes, checksum: 334baaea343c59da1a220c80bcc0ced2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08O glifosato é um herbicida do grupo dos fosfonatos, ele é amplamente usado como herbicida. Embora mate quase todas as plantas pode ser usado para eliminar as ervas daninhas durante o crescimento das plantações que são resistentes ao glifosato. Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se verificar os efeitos toxicológicos do herbicida glifosato utilizando como organismo teste sementes de salsa (Petrosolium sativum), alface (Lactuca sativa) e coentro (Coriandrum sativum). O ensaio toxicológico consistiu em utilizar papel toalha umedecido com a amostra de glifosato, e vinte sementes distribuídas uniformemente em vasilhames com tampas, deixados em local seco e arejado, sendo regadas uma vez ao dia durante 5 dias. Foi possível verificar o efeito tóxico do glifosato para sementes de salsa nas concentrações acima de 90 mg.L-1, para sementes de alface nas concentrações acima de 4 mg.L-1 e para sementes de coentro concentração acima de 12 mg.L-1. Desta forma foi possível concluir que as sementes em estudo apresentaram uma elevada sensibilidade com possibilidade de ser aplicadas em ensaios de toxicidade.Glyphosate is an agrochemical from the group of phosphonates widely used as an herbicide. Although it kills almost any plant, it can be used to eliminate weeds during the growing season of commercial crops resistant to glyphosate. This research aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of the herbicide using seeds of parsley (Petrosolium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum.) In the toxicological test was used twenty seeds each, dampened with glyphosate, evenly distributed in containers with lids. The containers were left in a dry and airy place, and it was watered once a day for 5 days. It was possible to check the toxic effect in the germination and growth of the seeds provoked by the glyphosate, such as: for parsley (Petrosolium sativum) at concentrations above 90 mg.L-1, for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds at concentrations above 4 mg L-1 and for coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seeds in concentrations above 12 mg L - 1. With these results it was possible to conclude that the seeds studied were very sensitive to glyphosate. Also, these seeds can be used as a reference for toxicity testing

Lipid Body Organelles within the Parasite <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>: A Role for Intracellular Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

<div><p>Most eukaryotic cells contain varying amounts of cytosolic lipidic inclusions termed lipid bodies (LBs) or lipid droplets (LDs). In mammalian cells, such as macrophages, these lipid-rich organelles are formed in response to host-pathogen interaction during infectious diseases and are sites for biosynthesis of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived inflammatory mediators (eicosanoids). Less clear are the functions of LBs in pathogenic lower eukaryotes. In this study, we demonstrated that LBs, visualized by light microscopy with different probes and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), are produced in trypomastigote forms of the parasite <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, the causal agent of Chagas’ disease, after both host interaction and exogenous AA stimulation. Quantitative TEM revealed that LBs from amastigotes, the intracellular forms of the parasite, growing in vivo have increased size and electron-density compared to LBs from amastigotes living in vitro. AA-stimulated trypomastigotes released high amounts of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and showed PGE₂ synthase expression. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated increased unsaturated lipid content and AA incorporation in stimulated parasites. Moreover, both Raman and MALDI mass spectroscopy revealed increased AA content in LBs purified from AA-stimulated parasites compared to LBs from unstimulated group. By using a specific technique for eicosanoid detection, we immunolocalized PGE₂ within LBs from AA-stimulated trypomastigotes. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that LBs from the parasite <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> are not just lipid storage inclusions but dynamic organelles, able to respond to host interaction and inflammatory events and involved in the AA metabolism. Acting as sources of PGE₂, a potent immunomodulatory lipid mediator that inhibits many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, newly-formed parasite LBs may be implicated with the pathogen survival in its host.</p></div