Intervención del estado en los asentamientos humanos ilegales

Es importante contextualizar desde la perspectiva conceptual la problemática a abordar, específicamente hablando de lo que concierne a la definición de los asentamientos humanos ilegales o informaciones, y cuáles son las condiciones o características para establecer su precariedad o condiciones de consolidación; además del papel que involucra la gestión estatal en todo este proceso. En este sentido se trae a colación el origen y formación de los asentamientos humanos ilegales en Colombia, según el grupo de investigación “Procesos urbanos en hábitat, vivienda e informalidad y que es liderado por el arquitecto Carlos Alberto Torres Tovar.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira -- Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales -- Especialización en Derecho Urbano, Gestión y Planeamientos Inmobiliario

Model of adoption of virtual tools by university students in the context of an emerging economy

IntroductionThe impact of COVID-19 on higher education has necessitated a reevaluation of teaching methodologies, student engagement, and the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) as pedagogical tools. This shift creates opportunities for innovation and collaborative learning environments among students.MethodsThis study aims to investigate the adoption of virtual tools by university students in Medellín. A sample of 373 students was surveyed using a quantitative approach with a descriptive scope. Factor analysis techniques were employed utilizing SPSS software to assess the associative relationships among variables and hypotheses within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).ResultsThe analysis revealed significant correlations, particularly between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Notably, technological devices such as laptops and smartphones were identified as valuable tools for educational purposes, contributing to a positive attitude towards their utilization among students.DiscussionThe findings underscore the importance of students’ perceptions in shaping their attitudes towards ICT tools for teaching and learning. Understanding these perceptions is crucial for designing effective pedagogical strategies, particularly in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where virtual tools play a vital role in maintaining educational continuity. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the integration of virtual tools in higher education, highlighting avenues for further research and practical implications for educators and policymakers

Aplicación de ambientes virtuales empleando dispositivos hápticos en el área de rehabilitación y evaluación motriz

Todos los seres humanos estamos expuestos a sufrir una lesión neurológica, y en consecuencia padecer una discapacidad motriz en miembros superiores que a su vez pueden determinar un nivel de dependencia haciendo la vida difícil de sobrellevar. En este trabajo se propone un sistema de interacción que a través del uso de ambientes virtuales y nuevas tecnologías de interacción de bajo costo sea capaz de rehabilitar y evaluar la discapacidad motriz en miembros superiores. Los escenarios desarrollados pretenden motivar, divertir y reentrenar las habilidades cognitivas del paciente con el fin de lograr una rehabilitación. Los dispositivos de interacción propuestos corresponde a unos guantes de realidad virtual y el dispositivo háptico Novint Falcon. Para ello se realiza una prueba piloto en un paciente con discapacidad motriz generada a partir de una lesión neurológica obteniendo resultados favorables en el desempeño motriz del paciente y en el proceso de adaptación al sistema

Determinantes de la inversión extranjera directa de los principales países hacia el Perú desde 2000 a 2020: un enfoque basado en indicadores de gobernanza

La gobernanza es un factor crucial que influye en la decisión de los extranjeros para invertir en un país. Esto quiere decir que las economías deben promover un entorno sólido y estable para atraer la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED), ya que esto aumenta la percepción de seguridad y predictibilidad entre los inversores. Debido a ello, se busca determinar si dichas medidas se aplican al contexto peruano, específicamente entre los años 2000 y 2020. Nuestros resultados basados en el modelo de gravedad consideran las 13 principales economías inversoras en el Perú confirmando que tres de los seis indicadores de gobernanza propuestos por el Banco Mundial (Control de la Corrupción, Estabilidad Política y Estado de Derecho) afectan de forma positiva la IED. El indicador más importante resultó ser el Estado de Derecho el cual implica la confianza de los ciudadanos en las reglas de la sociedad e instituciones, y en especial para los negocios, en el cumplimiento de los contratos

Geodetic fault slip rates on active faults in the Baza sub-Basin (SE Spain): Insights for seismic hazard assessment

One of the most significant parameters for seismic hazard assessment analyses is the fault slip rate. The combination of both geological (long-term) and geodetic (short-term) data offers a more complete characterization of the seismic potential of active faults. Moreover, geodetic data are also a helpful tool for the analysis of geodynamic processes. In this work, we present the results of a local GPS network from the Baza sub-Basin (SE Spain). This network, which includes six sites, was established in 2008 and has been observed for seven years. For the first time, we obtain short-term slip rates for the two active faults in this area. For the normal Baza Fault, we estimate slip rates ranging between 0.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr and 1.3 ± 0.4 mm/yr. For the strike-slip Galera Fault, we quantify the slip rate as 0.5 ± 0.3 mm/yr. Our GPS study shows a discrepancy for the Baza Fault between the short-term slip rates and previously reported long-term rates. This discrepancy indicates that the fault could be presently in a period with a displacement rate higher than the mean of the magnitude 6 seismic cycle. Moreover, the velocity vectors that we obtained also show the regional tectonic significance of the Baza Fault, as this structure accommodates one-third of the regional extension of the Central Betic Cordillera. Our GPS-related slip rates form the basis for future seismic hazard analysis in this area. Our results have further implications, as they indicate that the Baza and Galera Faults are kinematically coherent and they divide the Baza sub-Basin into two tectonic blocks. This points to a likely physical link between the Baza and Galera Faults; hence, a potential complex rupture involving both faults should be considered in future seismic hazard assessment studies.We acknowledge the comments of Editor Prof. Irina M. Artemieva and two anonymous reviewers, which significantly improved the quality of this paper. This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (Research Projects: RTI2018-100737-BI00 and CGL2016-80687-R), the University of Alicante (Research Project: VIGROB053), the University of Jaén (PAIUJA 2019-2020 and Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 - call made by UJA 2018), the University of Granada (B-RNM-301-UGR18) and the Junta de Andalucía regional government (RNM148, RNM282, and RNM370 and P18-RT-3275 research groups). We thank all observers who collected the data of survey-mode GPS measurements

Serotype distribution, clinical characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Colombia during PCV10 mass vaccination (2017–2022)

IntroductionInvasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children under 5 y. Colombia introduced PCV10 vaccination in 2012, and the Neumocolombia network has been monitoring IPD in pediatric patients since 2008.Materials and methodsThis study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort involving pediatric patients with IPD admitted to 17 hospitals in Colombia, from January 1st, 2017, to December 31st, 2022. We present data on serotypes (Spn), clinical characteristics, and resistance patterns.ResultsWe report 530 patients, 215 (40.5%) were younger than 24 months. Among these, 344 cases (64.7%) presented with pneumonia, 95 (17.9%) with primary bacteremia, 53 (10%) with meningitis, 6 (1.1%) had pneumonia and meningitis, and 32 (6%) had other IPD diagnosis. The median hospital stay was 12 days (RIQ 8–14 days), and 268 (50.6%) were admitted to the ICU, of whom 60 (11.3%) died. Serotyping was performed in 298 (56.1%). The most frequent serotypes were Spn19A (51.3%), Spn6C (7.7%), Spn3 (6.7%), Spn6A (3.6%), and Spn14 (3.6%). Of 495 (93%) isolates with known susceptibility, 46 (9.2%) were meningeal (M) and 449 (90.7%) non-meningeal (NM). Among M isolates, 41.3% showed resistance to penicillin, and 21.7% decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone. For NM isolates, 28.2% had decreased susceptibility to penicilin, and 24.2% decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Spn19A showed the highest resistant to penicillin at 47% and was linked to multiresistance.ConclusionThe prevalence of PCV10-included serotypes decreased, while serotypes 19A and 6C increased, with Spn19A being associated with multiresistance. These findings had played a crucial role in the decision made by Colombia to modify its immunization schedule by switching to PCV13 in July 2022

Twitter as a Tool for Teaching and Communicating Microbiology: The #microMOOCSEM Initiative

Online social networks are increasingly used by the population on a daily basis. They are considered a powerful tool for science communication and their potential as educational tools is emerging. However, their usefulness in academic practice is still a matter of debate. Here, we present the results of our pioneering experience teaching a full Basic Microbiology course via Twitter (#microMOOCSEM), consisting of 28 lessons of 40-45 minutes duration each, at a tweet per minute rate during 10 weeks. Lessons were prepared by 30 different lecturers, covering most basic areas in Microbiology and some monographic topics of general interest (malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, etc.). Data analysis on the impact and acceptance of the course were largely affirmative, promoting a 330% enhancement in the followers and a >350-fold increase of the number of visits per month to the Twitter account of the host institution, the Spanish Society for Microbiology. Almost one third of the course followers were located overseas. Our study indicates that Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC) via Twitter are highly dynamic, interactive, and accessible to great audiences, providing a valuable tool for social learning and communicating science. This strategy attracts the interest of students towards particular topics in the field, efficiently complementing customary academic activities, especially in multidisciplinary areas like Microbiology.Versión del edito

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Postoperative outcome after surgical treatment in a Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) occasionally spreads to the pancreas. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the short and long-term results of a multicenter series in order to determine the effect of surgical treatment on the prognosis of these patients. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Variables related to the primary tumor, demographics, clinical characteristics of metastasis, location in the pancreas, type of pancreatic resection performed and data on short and long-term evolution after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 116 patients. The mean time between nephrectomy and pancreatic metastases' resection was 87.35 months (ICR: 1.51-332.55). Distal pancreatectomy was the most performed technique employed (50 %). Postoperative morbidity was observed in 60.9 % of cases (Clavien-Dindo greater than IIIa in 14 %). The median follow-up time was 43 months (13-78). Overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 96 %, 88 %, and 83 %, respectively. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 73 %, 49 %, and 35 %, respectively. Significant prognostic factors of relapse were a disease free interval of less than 10 years (2.05 [1.13-3.72], p 0.02) and a history of previous extrapancreatic metastasis (2.44 [1.22-4.86], p 0.01). Conclusions: Pancreatic resection if metastatic RCC is found in the pancreas is warranted to achieve higher overall survival and disease-free survival, even if extrapancreatic metastases were previously removed. The existence of intrapancreatic multifocal compromise does not always warrant the performance of a total pancreatectomy in order to improve survival. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Repeated pancreatic resection for pancreatic metastases from renal cell Carcinoma: A Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background and objectives: Recurrent isolated pancreatic metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) after pancreatic resection is rare. The purpose of our study is to describe a series of cases of relapse of pancreatic metastasis from renal cancer in the pancreatic remnant and its surgical treatment with a repeated pancreatic resection, and to analyse the results of both overall and disease -free survival. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing pancreatic resection for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Patients were grouped into two groups depending on whether they received a single pancreatic resection (SPS) or iterative pancreatic resection. Data on short and long-term outcome after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 131 pancreatic resections performed in 116 patients. Thus, iterative pancreatic surgery (IPS) was performed in 15 patients. The mean length of time between the first pancreatic surgery and the second was 48.9 months (95 % CI: 22.2-56.9). There were no differences in the rate of postoperative complications. The DFS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 86 %, 78 % and 78 % vs 75 %, 50 % and 37 % in the IPS and SPS group respectively (p = 0.179). OS rates at 1, 3, 5 and 7 years were 100 %, 100 %, 100 % and 75 % in the IPS group vs 95 %, 85 %, 80 % and 68 % in the SPS group (p = 0.895). Conclusion: Repeated pancreatic resection in case of relapse of pancreatic metastasis of RCC in the pancreatic remnant is justified, since it achieves OS results similar to those obtained after the first resection