Educação artística para o desenvolvimento de bem-estar subjetivo: A experiência chilena

Chile se encuentra en una transformación profunda de su sistema educativo, revisando y resignificando el concepto de calidad de la educación, cuestionando la competitividad como motor de ésta y preguntándose por el rol de la diversidad y la equidad en la formación integral de los estudiantes. El sistema educacional presenta altos índices de desigualdad, reflejo de una sociedad inequitativa. La escuela contribuye hoy a mantener las diferencias sociales, impacta negativamente en la percepción del bienestar subjetivo y las expectativas de desarrollo de muchos estudiantes. Los programas públicos de educación artística ofrecen una oportunidad estratégica al desarrollo de habilidades diversas para una educación integralChile is undergoing a process of deep transformation to its educational system, revising and reframing the concept of quality of education, questioning competitiveness as its driver and wondering about the role of diversity and equity in comprehensive education of students. The educational system shows high levels of inequality, as reflection of an inequitable society. Today, schools contribute to preserve social differences, negatively impacting on the perception of subjective well-being and on the expectations of development of many students. Public Art education programs offer a strategic opportunity contributing to the development of diverse skills for a comprehensive educationO Chile encontra-se numa profunda transformação do sistema educacional, mudando e redefinindo o conceito de qualidade educativa e de competitividade como seu motor além de questionar o papel da diversidade e da equidade na formação integral dos alunos. O sistema educativo tem elevados índices de desigualdade, reflexo de uma sociedade desigual. Hoje a escola contribui para manter as diferenças sociais influenciando de forma negativa a percepção do bem-estar subjectivo e o desenvolvimento das expectativas de muitos alunos. Os programas públicos de educação artísticas oferecem uma oportunidade estratégica contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de várias competências para uma educação integra

Indice estatal de libertad de expresión 2019. Nuevo León [Introducción]

En México hablar de democracia, implica la referencia obligada de las relaciones Estado -sociedad y sus principios de vinculación constitucional. Estas relaciones no se han caracterizado por ser libres, con principios de igualdad y equidad, que son los parámetros básicos para medir el grado real de democratización. Exponer los procesos de transición que han existido en México, implica hacer referencias a las diversas luchas que se han emprendido en diversos frentes para alcanzar estos principios básicos. Una de ellas, particularmente es el ejercicio pleno del derecho a la libertad de expresión, garantizado en los artículos sexto y séptimo constitucionales. De forma resumida, señalamos que el sentido clásico de la libertad de expresión estriba en primer término en incentivar el desarrollo tanto personal como social. En segundo término, se hace referencia a los incentivos que se generan a partir del cumplimiento de este derecho fundamental, a la deliberación pública democrática (Madrazo, 2011:18-19). Evidentemente, al contrastar esta teorización con los casos empíricos y medir el grado de libertad de expresión, podemos encontrar hondas diferencias si revisamos a las entidades federativas. El estado de Nuevo León, a pesar de que ha experimentado procesos de alternancia política, esto no ha significado necesariamente un avance sustantivo en la democracia (Medellín, 2011) y en un eficaz Estado de derecho, que es una de las arenas indispensables de la consolidación del modelo democrático (Linz y Stepan, 1996). En mediciones recientes, Nuevo León está clasificado con un grado de impunidad muy alto [ocupando el lugar 17], mostrando un atraso importante en la procuración de justicia en el estado (Le Clercq y Rodríguez, 2018:40). En Nuevo León, al igual que en otros estados, se han incrementado los niveles de criminalidad y de presencia activa de carteles de narcotráfico. De acuerdo a un estudio de México Peace Index, hubo un aumento de la violencia en 87% en los años del 2003 al 2012, llegando al lugar 30 de 32 con los peores promedios de deterioro (Mexico Peace Index 2013: 11)

Potential Fields as an External Force and Algorithmic Improvements in Deformable Models

Deformable Models are extensively used as a Pattern Recognition technique. They are curves defined within an image domain that can be moved under the influence of internal and external forces. Some trade-offs of standard deformable models algorithms are the selection of image energy function (external force), the location of initial snake and the attraction of contour points to local energy minima when the snake is being deformed. This paper proposes a new procedure using potential fields as external forces. In addition, standard Deformable Models algorithm has been enhanced with both this new external force and algorithmic improvements. The performance of the presented approach has been successfully proved to extract muscles from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences of Iberian ham at different maturation stages in order to calculate their volume change. The main conclusions of this paper are the practical viability of potential fields used as external forces, as well as the validation of the algorithmic improvements developed. The feasibility of applying Computer Vision techniques, in conjunction with MRI, for determining automatically the optimal ripening time of the Iberian ham is a practical conclusion reached with the proposed approach

Terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico en el manejo de osteonecrosis asociada a bifosfonatos: revisión bibliográfica

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients treated with bisphosphonates suffering from osteonecrosis. Material and Methods: A search was carried out in Medline metasearch engines, Cochrane Library, and Embase using the Mesh terms " Hyperbaric Oxygenation " AND "Biphosphonates" OR "Osteonecrosis". Inclusion criteria were studies performed in humans, in English, and with a maximum of 5 years of antiquity. Animal studies were excluded. Results:  Of a total of 21 articles, 12 were included, of which 7 were systematic reviews, 4 literature reviews, and 1 case report. A beneficial effect of the use of HOT as a complementary treatment to the management of osteonecrosis was mostly observed in patients with bisphosphonate treatment. Conclusion:  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis showed promising results by counteracting the effects of osteonecrosis, being a complementary measure to other conventional treatments. However, better and more evidence is needed to support these results.Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es evaluar los beneficios del uso de terapia de oxigeno hiperbárico en pacientes tratados con bifosfonatos que padezcan de osteonecrosis. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda utilizando los términos Mesh “Hyperbaric Oxygenation” AND “Biphosphonates” OR “Osteonecrosis” en metabuscadores Medline, Cochrane Library y Embase. Se incluyeron estudios en humanos, inglés y con máximo de 5 años de antigüedad. Se excluyeron estudios en animales. Resultados: De un total de 21 artículos, se incluyeron 12 que aportan al objetivo, de ellos 7 fueron revisiones sistemáticas, 4 revisiones de la literatura y 1 reporte de caso. Se observó en su mayoría, un efecto beneficioso del uso de OH como tratamiento complementario al manejo de osteonecrosis en pacientes con tratamiento de bifosfonatos. Conclusión: La terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico en el manejo de osteonecrosis asociada a bifosfonatos mostró resultados prometedores al contrarrestar los efectos de la osteonecrosis, siendo una medida complementaria a otros tratamientos convencionales. Sin embargo, se necesita una mejor y mayor evidencia para respaldar estos resultados

The A54T polymorphism in the FABP2 gene and its relationship with obesity

Introduction: Obesity is a complex, multifactorial, and mostly preventable disease affecting, along with overweight, more than a third of today’s world population. Variations in the nucleotide sequence of both metabolic and appetite control genes have been counted among these non-modifiable factors and are associated with BMI, lipidic profile, and abdominal circumference alterations. Methods: An analytical, non-experimental, and transversal research was done with the purpose to assess the presence of A54T polymorphism in the FABP gene in a sub-sample from the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study. Results: 154 individuals eight subjects were carriers of the A54Tpolymorphism, namely, a genotypic frequency of 5.19 %, with a sex distribution of 50 % for women (n=4) and 50 % (n=4) for men. In respect of alleles similarity degree, 75 % (n=6) were homozygous, and 25 % (n=2) were heterozygous. Obesity diagnosis throughout BMI was only present in 12.50 % (n=1) of the A54T carriers. Conversely, 25 % (n=2) of the carriers were overweighed; 50 % (n=4) were presented as normal-weight people; and only 12.50 % (n=1), in one underweighted person. Conclusion: As in many other studies, we do not find an association between Ala54Thr polymorphism and obesity. This result reinforces the fact of the multifactorial character of these diseases and a carrier state of this polymorphism is not necessarily to experience a higher obesity risk, at least, in our environment.La obesidad es una enfermedad compleja, multifactorial y en su mayor parte prevenible que afecta, a más de un tercio de la población mundial actual. Las variaciones en la secuencia de nucleótidos de los genes de control del metabolismo y del apetito se consideran hasta ahora como factores no modificables y se asocian con alteraciones del IMC, del perfil lipídico y de la circunferencia abdominal. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación analítica, no experimental y transversal con el propósito de evaluar la presencia del polimorfismo A54T en el gen FABP en una submuestra del Estudio de Prevalencia del Síndrome Metabólico de la Ciudad de Maracaibo. Resultados: De los 154 individuos de la submuestra ocho sujetos fueron portadores del polimorfismo A54T, es decir, una frecuencia genotípica de 5,19 %, con una distribución por sexo de 50 % para las mujeres (n=4) y 50 % (n=4) para los hombres. Con respecto al grado de similitud de los alelos, el 75 % (n=6) eran homocigotos y el 25 % (n=2) heterocigotos. El diagnóstico de obesidad a lo largo del IMC sólo estuvo presente en el 12,50 % (n=1) de los portadores de A54T. Por el contrario, el 25 % (n=2) de los portadores tenían sobrepeso; el 50 % (n=4) se presentaron como personas de peso normal; y sólo el 12,50 % (n=1) en la categoría de peso insuficiente. Conclusión: No se encontró una asociación entre el polimorfismo de Ala54Thr y la obesidad. Este resultado refuerza el carácter multifactorial de estas enfermedades y que un estado portador de este polimorfismo no es causa necesaria para padecer obesidad, al menos, en nuestro medio

The sick adipose tissue : new insights into defective signaling and crosstalk with the myocardium

Adipose tissue (AT) biology is linked to cardiovascular health since obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and positively correlated with excessive visceral fat accumulation. AT signaling to myocardial cells through soluble factors known as adipokines, cardiokines, branched-chain amino acids and small molecules like microRNAs, undoubtedly influence myocardial cells and AT function via the endocrine-paracrine mechanisms of action. Unfortunately, abnormal total and visceral adiposity can alter this harmonious signaling network, resulting in tissue hypoxia and monocyte/macrophage adipose infiltration occurring alongside expanded intra-abdominal and epicardial fat depots seen in the human obese phenotype. These processes promote an abnormal adipocyte proteomic reprogramming, whereby these cells become a source of abnormal signals, affecting vascular and myocardial tissues, leading to meta-inflammation, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart hypertrophy, heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review first discusses the pathophysiology and consequences of adipose tissue expansion, particularly their association with meta-inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. We also explore the precise mechanisms involved in metabolic reprogramming in AT that represent plausible causative factors for CVD. Finally, we clarify how lifestyle changes could promote improvement in myocardiocyte function in the context of changes in AT proteomics and a better gut microbiome profile to develop effective, non-pharmacologic approaches to CVD

Hepatitis C Virus Clearance by Direct-Acting Antivirals Agents Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: HEPCAR Study

© 2020 The Author(s).[INTRODUCTION]: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been related to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of sustained virological response (SVR) on endothelial dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with hepatitis C virus treated with direct-acting antiviral agents. [METHODS]: A total of 114 patients were prospectively recruited and underwent CV risk assessment including (i) endothelial dysfunction determined through laser Doppler flowmetry and (ii) subclinical atherosclerosis, elucidated by the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Atherogenic lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides); markers of oxidative stress (oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies [OLAbs]), soluble markers of adhesion (vascular cell adhesion molecule [VCAM], e-selectin, and soluble markers of angiogenesis; and vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial [EMPs] and platelet [PMPs] apoptotic microparticles, and cell-free DNA [cfDNA]) were measured. All determinations were performed at baseline, 12 weeks (SVR time), and 1 year after treatment. [RESULTS]: In patients with endothelial dysfunction, area of hyperemia improved after virus clearance (P = 0.013) and was related to significant decrease in VCAM, e-selectin (P < 0.001), and cfDNA (P = 0.017) and to increased OLAb levels (P = 0.001). In patients with subclinical atherosclerosis at baseline, a significantly improved ABI was seen after HCV clearance (P < 0.001). Levels of both EMPs and PMPs also decreased after SVR and at follow-up (P = 0.006 and P = 0.002, respectively). [DISCUSSION]: HCV clearance improved not only liver function but also endothelial dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis promoted by decrease in levels of VCAM, e-selectin, cfDNA, and PMPs and EMPs.Postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Government (Juan de la Cierva fellowship FJC1-2014-21675). Instituto de Salud Carlos III Project GLD17/00203

Caracterização de cardiopatias congênitas em Manizales, Colômbia, 2010-2016

Congenital heart defects are the third cause of congenital malformations and one of the main causes of mortality in the neonatal period in the world; they originate from alterations in embryonic development. The incidence is variable; in Colombia, it is estimated that they affect 2 to 3% of live newborns. In 2015, 20.8% of children under the age of five affected with congenital heart defects died from these disorders. This is a descriptive and retrospective study. Data of 252 clinical records of patients diagnosed with congenital heart defect between 2010 and 2016 were included, showing that 56% of this population were female. Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases predominated (87%). The highest prevalence was patent ductus arteriosus (35.3%). Doppler echocardiography was used in 98.4% of cases; regarding management, 47.2% of patients were in follow-up, this being more common than medical or surgical alternatives. In conclusion patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect and interatrial septal defect are the most frequent acyanotic heart diseases in the population under study and they are associated with pulmonary hypertension that require higher follow-up. Tetralogy of Fallot was the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease.Las cardiopatías congénitas son la tercera causa de malformaciones congénitas y una de las principales responsables de la mortalidad en periodo neonatal en el mundo; se originan a partir de alteraciones en el desarrollo embrionario. La incidencia es variable; en Colombia, se estima que afectan del 2 al 3 % de los recién nacidos vivos. En 2015, 20,8 % de los niños menores de cinco años afectados con cardiopatías congénitas fallecieron a causa de estas alteraciones. El presente es un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron los datos de 252 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de cardiopatía congénita entre los años 2010 y 2016, el 56 % de la población encontrada fue de sexo femenino. Predominaron las cardiopatías congénitas no cianosantes (87 %). La mayor revalencia fue el ductus arterioso permeable (35,3 %). La ecocardiografía Doppler se utilizó en 98,4 % de los casos; con respecto al manejo, el 47,2 % de los pacientes estuvieron en seguimiento, siendo este más común que las alternativas médicas o quirúrgicas. En conclusión, el ductus arterioso permeable, la comunicación interventricular y la comunicación interatrial son las cardiopatías no cianosantes más frecuentes en la población estudiada y se asocian a hipertensión pulmonar que ameritan mayor seguimiento. La tetralogía de Fallot fue la cardiopatía congénita cianosante más común.As cardiopatias congênitas são a terceira causa de malformações congênitas e uma das principais responsáveis pela mortalidade no período neonatal no mundo. São originadas a partir de alterações no desenvolvimento embrionário. A incidência é variável; na Colômbia, é estimado que afetam de 2 a 3 % dos recém-nascidos vivos. Em 2015, 20,8 % das crianças menores de cinco anos afetadas com cardiopatias congênitas faleceram por causa dessas alterações. Este estudo é descritivo e retrospectivo. Foram incluídos dados de 252 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de cardiopatia congênita entre 2010 e 2016, 56 % da população encontrada foi do sexo feminino. Predominaram as cardiopatias congênitas não&nbsp; ianóticas (87 %). A maior persistência foi o ducto arterioso permeável (35,3 %). A ecocardiografia Doppler foi utilizada em 98,4 % dos casos; quanto ao manejo, 47,2 % dos pacientes estiveram em seguimento, o que foi mais comum do que as alternativas médicas ou cirúrgicas. Em conclusão, o ducto arterioso permeável, a comunicação interventricular e a comunicação interatrial são as cardiopatias não cianóticas mais frequentes na população estudada e são associadas com a hipertensão pulmonar que merecem maior seguimento. A tetralogia de Fallot foi a cardiopatia congênita cianótica mais comum

Recommendations for ophthalmologic practice during the easing of COVID-19 control measures

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides recommendations for medical eye care during the easing of control measures after lockdown. The guidelines presented are based on a literature review and consensus among all Spanish Ophthalmology Societies regarding protection measures recommended for the ophthalmologic care of patients with or without confirmed COVID-19 in outpatient, inpatient, emergency and surgery settings. We recommend that all measures be adapted to the circumstances and availability of personal protective equipment at each centre and also highlight the need to periodically update recommendations as we may need to readopt more restrictive measures depending on the local epidemiology of the virus. These guidelines are designed to avoid the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among both patients and healthcare staff as we gradually return to normal medical practice, to prevent postoperative complications and try to reduce possible deficiencies in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the ophthalmic diseases. With this update (5th) the Spanish Society of Ophthalmology is placed as one of the major ophthalmology societies providing periodic and systematized recommendations for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 pandemic

Recommendations for ophthalmologic practice during the easing of COVID-19 control measures

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides recommendations for medical eye care during the easing of control measures after lockdown. The guidelines presented are based on a literature review and consensus among all Spanish Ophthalmology Societies regarding protection measures recommended for the ophthalmologic care of patients with or without confirmed COVID-19 in outpatient, inpatient, emergency and surgery settings. We recommend that all measures be adapted to the circumstances and availability of personal protective equipment at each centre and also highlight the need to periodically update recommendations as we may need to readopt more restrictive measures depending on the local epidemiology of the virus. These guidelines are designed to avoid the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among both patients and healthcare staff as we gradually return to normal medical practice, to prevent postoperative complications and try to reduce possible deficiencies in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the ophthalmic diseases. With this update (5th) the Spanish Society of Ophthalmology is placed as one of the major ophthalmology societies providing periodic and systematized recommendations for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 pandemic