Qual será a verdade do jeitinho brasileiro? Perspectivas sobre a Comissão Nacional da Verdade do Brasil

After 31 years of dictatorship, military power was transferred to a civilian president for 27 years ago. A new Constitution was ratified 24 years ago and, since then, Brazil has has six presidential elections. The last three elected presidents can be considered victims of the old regime and they suffered persecutions of different natures, such as exile, imprisonment and torture. In 2012, a National Truth Commission has been implemented with the aim of establishing the memory and the truth about human rights violations committed by State agents over the past 66 years. What factors have determined it to be created now and not 20 years ago? What results can be expected of this committee? This article seeks to analyze the context and the reasons for creating the committee and its possibilities and limitations, to the theories of criminal law and transitional justice. Key words: human rights, National Truth Commission, Brazil, transitional justice.Após 31 anos de ditadura, o poder dos militares foi transferido para um presidente civil há 27 anos, uma nova constituição entrou em vigor há 24 anos e foram realizadas seis eleições presidenciais desde então, sendo que os três últimos presidentes eleitos podem ser considerados vítimas do antigo regime, tendo sofrido perseguições de diferentes naturezas, como exílio, prisão e tortura. Até que ponto pode ser uma surpresa que em 2012 esteja sendo implantada uma Comissão Nacional da Verdade, com o objetivo de estabelecer a memória e a verdade sobre as violações de direitos humanos praticadas por agentes do Estado ocorridas nos últimos 66 anos? Que fatores determinaram que ela fosse criada agora e não 20 anos atrás? E que resultados podem ser esperados desta comissão? Este artigo busca analisar o contexto e os fundamentos da criação da comissão e suas possibilidades e limites, à luz das teorias do direito penal e da justiça transicional. Palavras-chave: direitos humanos, Comissão Nacional da Verdade, Brasil, justiça transicional

Os “boat people” do século XXI e a atual Política Brasileira para refugiados

Este trabalho busca evidenciar os limites e problemas da política nacional e internacional do Brasil para refugiados, bem como a conexão com o fenômeno das migrações internacionais, no contexto do crescimento do fenômeno dos migrantes internacionais conhecidos como “boat people”. É apresentado o quadro de mudanças da conjuntura internacional das últimas décadas que interferem no modelo brasileiro, destacando-se a situação das migrações internacionais clandestinas no Mediterrâneo no período mais recente. Empregando-se um levantamento bibliográfico nacional e internacional recente, assim como investigação de documentos, procura-se demonstrar resultados parciais em torno dos avanços e deficiências nacionais no que tange ao sistema migratório como um todo

O método comparativo e a ciência política

A definição do método utilizado parece ser a questão mais temida atualmente nas bancas de trabalhos de conclusão de curso e de dissertações da área de ciências sociais. É cada vez mais comum o uso de uma frase, muitas vezes descontextualizada, dizendo que "o método utilizado neste trabalho é X", para resolver o problema da definição. Questionar sobre o porquê deste enquadramento é colocar o avaliado em risco de um colapso cardíac

O método comparativo e a ciência política

A definição do método utilizado parece ser a questão mais temida atualmente nas bancas de trabalhos de conclusão de curso e de dissertações da área de ciências sociais. É cada vez mais comum o uso de uma frase, muitas vezes descontextualizada, dizendo que "o método utilizado neste trabalho é X", para resolver o problema da definição. Questionar sobre o porquê deste enquadramento é colocar o avaliado em risco de um colapso cardíac

Formation history and material budget of holocene shelf mud depocenters in the Gulf of Cadiz

Mud depocenters (MDCs) are common elements on modern continental shelves and act as a major shallow-marine sink for fluviogenic material. These most proximal depocenters, thus, play a major role in material cycling and carbon availability on global and regional scales, though individual formation history, dependence on external forcing mechanisms, and material composition makes each of them a unique case. This study establishes a chronostratigraphic framework and deciphers the depositional dynamics for the two main MDCs on the continental shelf in the eastern Gulf of Cadiz, as a prime example, with the goal to calculate a regional sediment and carbon budget. Based on the analysis of 2040 km of subbottom profiles and 18 sediment cores, the fine-grained depocenters began to grow during maximum flooding around 6.5 cal ka BP. Sedimentation rates ranged between 2 and 35 cm/ka until 2.7 cal ka BP and increased significantly around the Roman Warm Period (30-200 cm/ka), caused by regional humidification as well as mining and agricultural activities. After 1.0 cal ka BP, sedimentation rates rose further (20-3000 cm/ka), due to land clearing in coincidence with erosion-favoring aridity during the Islamic period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Unprecedented sediment accumulation started with the Industrial Era. The total sediment volume of the two MDCs is 5.80 km(3) with a dry mass of 12,971 Mt. 85 Mt of organic matter and 3637 Mt of carbonate make this depocenter an important shallow-marine sink, with a total of 521 Mt carbon as a significant player in the regional terrestrial-marine carbon cycle.DL57/2016/CP1361/CT0009; CGL2011-30302-C02-02; CTM2017-88237-Pinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used