Análisis de artículo 365 bis del código penal chileno : desde la comparación con los delitos de violación y estupro.

Tesis (Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas)INTRODUCCIÓN: Hoy en día, nos vemos enfrentados a una realidad social compleja, en que hay conflictos de intereses entre los habitantes de la nación., Para su solución ha nacido el Derecho, y más específicamente aun el derecho penal. Esta rama jurídica se preocupa de aquellos atentados contra bienes jurídicos de mayor relevancia, por lo mismo decimos que el derecho penal es la 11/tima ratio, vale decir, es la última arma que tiene el estado para poder controlar el actuar de las personas en aquellos casos en que la sociedad entera se vea afectada por determinadas actuaciones de habitantes de la República. Es así como existen los delitos sexuales. Y dentro de esta parte del ordenamiento jurídico penal, encontramos el artículo 365 bis del Código Penal Chileno, el cual tipifica un comportamiento consistente en la introducción de objetos por vía anal, vaginal o bucal, o la utilización de animales en la agresión sexual. Este delito ha tenido diversos problemas en cuanto al tenor de sus palabras, puesto que en la ley no se ha definido lo que debe entenderse por "objeto". Por lo tanto, estamos ante un problema de legalidad penal en la fase de interpretación, es decir, debemos ubicar este problema en el seno de los limites del denominado mandato de lex stricta En cuanto a este problema, una parte de la doctrina se ha manifestado favorablemente a la redacción de la disposición, basándose en la igualdad en el daño provocado a una víctima, es decir, que la víctima no tiene menos daño si se le introduce un dedo o un objeto inerte o, por otra parte, el pene. El injusto mirado desde el punto de vista de la víctima es el mismo

Impacto de TI en las pequeñas y medianas empresas ¿es su efecto moderado por la intensidad de uso de TI de la industria?

Title: IT impact on small and medium enterprises ¿is its effect moderate by intensity of IT use of industry? This article aims to demonstrate that the impact of information technology (IT), on organizational performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), varies according to the intensity level of IT use of industry. For this we use microdata from the Second Longitudinal Survey of Business (ELE2), through which we established variables of intensity of IT use and organizational performance. Then, using X-Means we define indicators of intensity of IT use in SMEs and industries. The results showed that the intensity of IT use has positive effects on SMEs. Also, prove that the effects of the intensity of transactional IT use on performance, varies according to level of IT use of industry

Actividad Deportiva y Familia

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Educación General Básica, Licenciado en Educación)El objetivo del estudio presenta su base en la identificación de la importancia e interés que deben mostrar los padres por la práctica de deportes de sus hijos/as durante la etapa escolar, principalmente en alumnos de sexto año básico de escuela municipal y colegios particulares-subvencionados de la V región de Valparaíso. El presente estudio, fue realizado a través del método estadístico con la aplicación de 108 encuestas a los padres y apoderados de los establecimientos: Colegio Alemán y Divina Maestra de la Comuna de Villa Alemana, junto con Saint Benedict College y José Manuel Balmaceda de la Comuna de Viña del Mar y escuela deportiva de natación impulsada por la casa de deporte de Viña del Mar. La encuesta aplicada se compone por 4 ítems divididos de manera desigual para lograr identificar el interés de los padres, abarcando diferentes puntos de relación entre ellos y sus intereses personales en cuanto al deporte, con relación a los intereses de sus hijos/as, lo que les gustaría o hasta qué punto están dispuestos apoyar y guiar en la práctica deportiva a sus hijos/as de acuerdo a realización de actividades o talleres deportivos, tanto dentro, como fuera del establecimiento educacional. Las variables participantes fueron definidas una por una, identificando y asociando cada una de ellas, a los intereses ideales de los padres por sus hijos/as frente a las actividades deportivas.This study was carried out using statistical method based on the application of 80 surveys to parents of the following establishments: German School and Divine Master from Villa Alemana and Saint Benedict and Jose Manuel Balmaceda College from Viña del Mar. The survey consisted of 4 items divided unevenly in order to identify the interest of parents, covering different aspects of the relations between them and their personal interests in sports, regarding the interests of their children, what they would like to or how far they are willing to support and guide their children in accordance with activities or sports workshops, both within and outside the educational establishment. The participants variables that were defined one by one, identifying and associating each of them, to the ideal interests of parents for their children toward to sports activities, carried out by each one of them

Vacinação em massa no Município de Serrana - SP: a eficácia da garantia de proteção contra o SARS-CoV- 2 / Mass vaccination in the Municipality of Serrana - SP: the effectiveness of ensuring protection against SARS-CoV- 2

O coronavírus é o agente causador da maior pandemia que já aconteceu em todos os tempos e tirou a vida de mais de 340.000 pessoas e com mais de 13 milhões de casos confirmados pelo novo coronavírus somente no Brasil. Em março de 2020 segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) o novo Coronavírus foi considerado uma pandemia. A doença tem uma capacidade de propagação de forma exponencial atingindo grande número de pessoas levando ao aumento de casos e em alguns destes a forma grave desta patologia. Sendo assim, é necessário estratégias para mitigar a disseminação das partículas virais como o distanciamento social, medidas sanitárias e a vacinação em massa. O Instituto Butantan juntamente com a prefeitura de Serrana – SP está adotando uma medida inédita e exclusiva de imunização em massa nessa cidade com o intuito de reduzir os casos de internação e da preservação da vida. Com base no texto acima e observando a relevância dessa pandemia em nível mundial, esse projeto tem como objetivo geral verificar a importância da imunização/vacinação em massa em uma determinada localidade/cidade (Serrana-SP) destacando os efeitos benéficos e futuros em várias áreas como saúde individual/coletiva, educação e a área econômica

Petrology and tectonic evolution of late Paleozoic mafic-ultramafic sequences and the Leones Pluton of the Eastern Andean Metamorphic Complex (46-47°S), southern Chile

The metamorphosed mafic-ultramafic sequences of the Eastern Andean Metamorphic Complex outcropping in the Patagonian Andes are critical to disclose the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southwestern margin of Gondwana. In the study area, mafic-ultramafic bodies are thrusted onto polydeformed metasedimentary rocks and intruded by the mid-Carboniferous composite Leones Pluton. The metabasalts (mostly tremolite-chlorite schists and amphibolites) show N-MORB and BABB chemical affinities pointing that formed part of an oceanic crustal section with components of the marginal basin, emplaced after the main pulse of Devonian arc magmatism, possibly in a retreating convergent margin. Interleaved serpentinites consist of serpentine polymorphs (antigorite, lizardite, and late chrysotile) and magnetite, with variably distributed minor amounts of chlorite, tremolite, and traces of ilmenite. Serpentinites have high Cr, Ni, Ti, and Yb contents, and show slightly enriched LREE and flat HREE patterns with a noticeable Eu positive anomaly. Mineralogical and geochemical features indicate that olivine-rich clinopyroxene-spinel-bearing peridotites were metamorphosed in a newly formed east-dipping subduction zone. The closure of the marginal basin continued with the tectonic underthrusting and tectonic juxtaposition of mafic-ultramafic rocks within an accretionary wedge. The tectonic cycle of the oceanic basin finished with the intrusion of mid-Carboniferous subduction-related plutons and pluton-driven thermal metamorphism.Fil: Rojo, D.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentina. Universidad Arturo Prat; ChileFil: Calderón, M.. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Hervé, F.. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Díaz, J.. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Quezada, P.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil. Universidad de Aysén; ChileFil: Suárez, Rodrigo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Ghiglione, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes, F.. Universidad Mayor; ChileFil: Theye, T.. Universität Stuttgart; AlemaniaFil: Cataldo, J.. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Sándoval, J.. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Viefhaus, T.. Universität Stuttgart; Alemani

Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) Mediates Neuronal Aβ42 Uptake and Lysosomal Trafficking

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of early intraneuronal deposits of amyloid-beta 42 (Abeta42) that precede extracellular amyloid deposition in vulnerable brain regions. It has been hypothesized that endosomal/lysosomal dysfunction might be associated with the pathological accumulation of intracellular Abeta42 in the brain. Our previous findings suggest that the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a major receptor for apolipoprotein E, facilitates intraneuronal Abeta42 accumulation in mouse brain. However, direct evidence of neuronal endocytosis of Abeta42 through LRP1 is lacking.Here we show that LRP1 endocytic function is required for neuronal Abeta42 uptake. Overexpression of a functional LRP1 minireceptor, mLRP4, increases Abeta42 uptake and accumulation in neuronal lysosomes. Conversely, knockdown of LRP1 expression significantly decreases neuronal Abeta42 uptake. Disruptions of LRP1 endocytic function by either clathrin knockdown or by removal of its cytoplasmic tail decreased both uptake and accumulation of Abeta42 in neurons. Finally, we show that LRP1-mediated neuronal accumulation of Abeta42 is associated with increased cellular toxicity.These results demonstrate that LRP1 endocytic function plays an important role in the uptake and accumulation of Abeta42 in neuronal lysosomes. These findings emphasize the central function of LRP1 in neuronal Abeta metabolism

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie

Subutai : Primitives de synchronisation distribuées pour applications parallèles antérieures et émergentes

Parallel applications are essential for efficiently using the computational power of a MultiProcessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC). Unfortunately, these applications do not scale effortlessly with the number of cores because of synchronization operations that take away valuable computational time and restrict the parallelization gains. The existing solutions either restrict the application to a subset of synchronization primitives, require refactoring the source code of it, or both. We introduce Subutai, a hardware/software architecture designed to distribute the synchronization mechanisms over the Network-on-Chip. Subutai is comprised of novel hardware specialized in accelerating synchronization operations, a small private memory for recording events, an operating system driver, and a user space custom library that supports legacy and novel parallel applications. We target the POSIX Threads (PThreads) library as it is widely used as a synchronization library, and internally by other libraries such as OpenMP and Threading Building Blocks. We also provide extensions to Subutai intended to further accelerate parallel applications in two scenarios: (i) multiple applications running in a highly-contended scheduling scenario; (ii) remove the access serialization to condition variables in PThreads. Experimental results with four applications from the PARSEC benchmark running on a 64-core MPSoC show an average application speedup of 1.57× compared with the legacy software solutions. The same applications are further sped up to 5% using our proposed Critical Section-aware scheduling policy compared to a baseline Round-Robin scheduler without any changes in the application source code.Les applications parallèles sont essentielles pour utiliser efficacement la puissance de calcul des systèmes multi-processeurs (MPSoC). Cependant, ces applications ne s’adaptent pas sans effort au nombre de cœurs à cause des opérations de synchronisation qui limitent les gains de parallélisation. Les solutions existantes soit se restreignent à un sous-ensemble de primitives de synchronisation, soit nécessitent de modifier le code source de l'application, ou les deux. Nous présentons Subutai, une solution logiciel/matériel conçue pour distribuer les mécanismes de synchronisation sur le réseau sur puce, tout en restant compatible avec le code source originel. Subutai est composé d’un matériel spécialisé dans l’accélération des opérations de synchronisation, une mémoire privée, un pilote de système d’exploitation et une bibliothèque personnalisée. Nous ciblons la bibliothèque POSIX Threads (PThreads), largement utilisée comme bibliothèque de synchronisation native et en interne par d’autres bibliothèques telles que OpenMP ou TBB. Nous fournissons aussi des extensions à Subutai destinées à accélérer encore davantage les applications dans deux cas: (i) plusieurs applications dans un contexte d'exécution fortement disputé; et (ii) sérialisation d’accès pour les variables condition dans PThreads. Les résultats expérimentaux sur quatre applications du benchmark PARSEC fonctionnant sur un MPSoC à 64 cœurs montrent une accélération moyenne des applications de 1,57× par rapport à des solutions purement logicielles. Une accélération de 5% en plus est obtenue en utilisant notre politique d'ordonnancement Critical Section-aware comparée à un ordonnanceur Round-Robin de bas