Wealth and inequality gradients for the detection and control of hypertension in older individuals in middle-income economies around 2007-2015

Socioeconomic inequalities in the detection and treatment of non-communicable diseases represent a challenge for healthcare systems in middle-income countries (MICs) in the context of population ageing. This challenge is particularly pressing regarding hypertension due to its increasing prevalence among older individuals in MICs, especially among those with lower socioeconomic status (SES). Using comparative data for China, Colombia, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa, we systematically assess the association between SES, measured in the form of a wealth index, and hypertension detection and control around the years 2007-15. Furthermore, we determine what observable factors, such as socio-demographic and health characteristics, explain existing SES-related inequalities in hypertension detection and control using a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Results show that the prevalence of undetected hypertension is significantly associated with lower SES. For uncontrolled hypertension, there is evidence of a significant gradient in three of the six countries at the time the data were collected. Differences between rural and urban areas as well as lower and higher educated individuals account for the largest proportion of SES-inequalities in hypertension detection and control at the time. Improved access to primary healthcare in MICs since then may have contributed to a reduction in health inequalities in detection and treatment of hypertension. However, whether this indeed has been the case remains to be investigated

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Mercados de saneamiento y matrimonio en India: Evidencia de la Campaña de Saneamiento Total

Este documento mide el valor adicional del saneamiento dentro del arreglo matrimonial. Utilizamos datos de la encuesta de hogares de desarrollo humano de la India (IHDS) para modelar las decisiones matrimoniales de hombres y mujeres en las zonas rurales de la India y para estimar el excedente marital (las ganancias de estar casado). Usamos el modelo para demostrar que la Campaña de Saneamiento Total (TSC, por sus siglas en inglés) del gobierno aumentó el excedente marital y cambió los resultados del mercado matrimonial para hombres y mujeres. La descomposición revela (i) que el saneamiento hace que sea más atractivo estar en un matrimonio para ambos géneros, y (ii) que la exposición a TSC condujo a una disminución en la participación excedente de la esposa, lo que implica una redistribución de las ganancias dentro del matrimonio.This paper measures the additional value of sanitation within the marriage arrangement. We use data from the Indian human development household survey (IHDS) to model the marital decisions of men and women in rural India and to estimate the marital surplus (the gains from being married). We use the model to demonstrate that the government’s Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) increased marital surplus and changed marriage market outcomes for men and women. Decomposition reveals (i) that sanitation makes it more attractive to be in a marriage for both gender, and (ii) that TSC exposure led to a decrease in the wife’s surplus share, implying a redistribution of gains within the marriage

Mercados de saneamiento y matrimonio en India: Evidencia de la Campaña de Saneamiento Total

Este documento mide el valor adicional del saneamiento dentro del arreglo matrimonial. Utilizamos datos de la encuesta de hogares de desarrollo humano de la India (IHDS) para modelar las decisiones matrimoniales de hombres y mujeres en las zonas rurales de la India y para estimar el excedente marital (las ganancias de estar casado). Usamos el modelo para demostrar que la Campaña de Saneamiento Total (TSC, por sus siglas en inglés) del gobierno aumentó el excedente marital y cambió los resultados del mercado matrimonial para hombres y mujeres. La descomposición revela (i) que el saneamiento hace que sea más atractivo estar en un matrimonio para ambos géneros, y (ii) que la exposición a TSC condujo a una disminución en la participación excedente de la esposa, lo que implica una redistribución de las ganancias dentro del matrimonio.This paper measures the additional value of sanitation within the marriage arrangement. We use data from the Indian human development household survey (IHDS) to model the marital decisions of men and women in rural India and to estimate the marital surplus (the gains from being married). We use the model to demonstrate that the government’s Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) increased marital surplus and changed marriage market outcomes for men and women. Decomposition reveals (i) that sanitation makes it more attractive to be in a marriage for both gender, and (ii) that TSC exposure led to a decrease in the wife’s surplus share, implying a redistribution of gains within the marriage

Would Plain Packaging and Health Warning Labels Reduce Smoking in the Presence of Informal Markets? A Choice Experiment in Colombia

Background Despite progress made by many countries on the adoption of plain tobacco packaging laws over the last years, low- and middle-income countries, with a large supply of loose cigarettes via informal vendors, remain far behind. Aim To study the potential effectiveness of plain tobacco packaging and dissuasive cigarette sticks, via willingness-to-pay estimates, when illicit cigarette options are available. Methods We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) in which respondents chose licit and illicit products with three attributes: packaging (standard vs. plain packaging), stick design (branded stick vs. stick with warning), and price level. The sample, collected on 12/2021, consisted of 1,761 respondents from an internet panel involving smokers and nonsmokers. Conditional logit and latent class models were used to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) to avoid restrictive packaging elements. Results Nonsmokers are willing to pay USD $5.63 for a pack of cigarettes to avoid plain packaging, which is higher than the actual commercial price of illicit cigarettes (USD$2.40). The WTP increases to USD $12.14 in the presence of illicit alternatives. Smokers are also willing to pay to avoid illicit options, which they also deem riskier, and the presence of such options increases the WTP to avoid plain packaging. However, nonsmokers do not perceive the illicit option as riskier. The dissuasive stick (stick with warning) does not affect perceptions of risk and plays a small role in terms of choice for both smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusions Even in the presence of illicit tobacco alternatives, plain packaging seems to be as effective in reducing the attractiveness of tobacco products in Colombia as in other countries that have already adopted it. Given conflicting results on the case for dissuasive sticks, there is a need for more research

Valores de paquimetría en personas sanas y con glaucoma en una población colombiana

ResumenIntroducción: Larelación entre presión intraocular (PIO), paquimetría y desarrollo de glaucoma ha sido objeto de diversos estudios. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar y comparar los valores de paquimetría en una población colombiana de pacientes sanos y pacientes con morbilidad ocular relacionada con glaucoma. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en un programa de tamizaje poblacional voluntario en mayores de 40 años para detección de glaucoma en el municipio de Bucaramanga, Colombia se tomaron como variable de estudio sexo, edad, PIO, evaluación esterescópica de la excavación del disco, capiometría de doble frecuencia y paquiometría ultrasónica. En el análisis comparativo se utilizó la prueva de análisis de varianza no para métrica. Resultados: La prevalencia de glaucoma fue de 3.9%, siendo el glaucoma primario con presión normal el tipo de glaucoma más frecuente (60%) y el grupo con la mediana de paquimetría significativamente más baja (534.5;P25 503.8-P75 558.8). Conclusión: Valores de paquimetría reducidos en pacientes con diagnóstico de glaucoma de presión normal sugiere que la PIO es infraestimada por córneas delgadas o que puede existir una asociación entre las alteraciones estructurales de los pacientes con córneas delgadas y una susceptibilidad  mayor para la progresión del glaucoma.[Rueda JC, Lesmes DP, Parra JC, Urrea R, Rey JJ, Rodríguez LA, et al. Valores paquimetría en personas sanas y con glaucoma en una poblacion colombiana MedUNAB 2007;10:81-85]. Palabras clave: Córnea, Paquimetría, Hispanos, Glaucoma, Grosor corneal central, Presión intraocular