A Linearization Framework for Dependency and Constituent Trees

[Abstract]: Parsing is a core natural language processing problem in which, given an input raw sentence, a model automatically produces a structured output that represents its syntactic structure. The most common formalisms in this field are constituent and dependency parsing. Although both formalisms show differences, they also share limitations, in particular the limited speed of the models to obtain the desired representation, and the lack of a common representation that allows any end-to-end neural system to obtain those models. Transforming both parsing tasks into a sequence labeling task solves both of these problems. Several tree linearizations have been proposed in the last few years, however there is no common suite that facilitates their use under an integrated framework. In this work, we will develop such a system. On the one hand, the system will be able to: (i) encode syntactic trees according to the desired syntactic formalism and linearization function, and (ii) decode linearized trees into their original representation. On the other hand, (iii) we will also train several neural sequence labeling systems to perform parsing from those labels, and we will compare the results.[Resumen]: El análisis sintáctico es una tarea central dentro del procesado del lenguaje natural, en el que dada una oración se produce una salida que representa su estructura sintáctica. Los formalismos más populares son el de constituyentes y el de dependencias. Aunque son fundamentalmente diferentes, tienen ciertas limitaciones en común, como puede ser la lentitud de los modelos empleados para su predicción o la falta de una representación común que permita predecirlos con sistemas neuronales de uso general. Transformar ambos formalismos a una tarea de etiquetado de secuencias permite resolver ambos problemas. Durante los últimos años se han propuesto diferentes maneras de linearizar árboles sintácticos, pero todavía se carecía de un software unificado que permitiese obtener representaciones para ambos formalismos sobre un mismo sistema. En este trabajo se desarrollará dicho sistema. Por un lado, éste permitirá: (i) linearizar árboles sintácticos en el formalismo y función de linearización deseadas y (ii) decodificar árboles linearizados de vuelta a su formato original. Por otro lado, también se entrenarán varios modelos de etiquetado de secuencias, y se compararán los resultados obtenidos.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FIC). Enxeñaría Informática. Curso 2021/202

4 and 7-bit Labeling for Projective and Non-Projective Dependency Trees

We introduce an encoding for parsing as sequence labeling that can represent any projective dependency tree as a sequence of 4-bit labels, one per word. The bits in each word's label represent (1) whether it is a right or left dependent, (2) whether it is the outermost (left/right) dependent of its parent, (3) whether it has any left children and (4) whether it has any right children. We show that this provides an injective mapping from trees to labels that can be encoded and decoded in linear time. We then define a 7-bit extension that represents an extra plane of arcs, extending the coverage to almost full non-projectivity (over 99.9% empirical arc coverage). Results on a set of diverse treebanks show that our 7-bit encoding obtains substantial accuracy gains over the previously best-performing sequence labeling encodings.Comment: Accepted for publication at EMNLP 202

Compilación de las batallas campales que son contenidas en las historias escolásticas y de España

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Optimal operation of a combined cooling system

[Resumen] Uno de los retos que se plantea en plantas termosolares de producción de electricidad es el elevado consumo de agua, que proviene principalmente del proceso de refrigeración del ciclo de potencia. Los sistemas de refrigeración combinados (húmeda+seca) se presentan como una potencial solución, ya que además del menor consumo de agua requerido, evitan la penalización en la eficiencia del bloque de potencia en comparación con los sistemas de refrigeración convencionales. El presente trabajo analiza la aplicación de estrategias de optimización para un sistema de refrigeración combinado con el fin de evaluar la configuración de operación más adecuada atendiendo a distintos criterios de operación y ambientales. Para ello, se han desarrollado modelos basados en redes neuronales de cada componente del sistema combinado, para lo que se ha llevado a cabo una exhaustiva campaña experimental en una planta piloto de la Plataforma Solar de Almería - CIEMAT. El potencial de la estrategia de optimización es analizada mediante la simulación de distintos casos de estudio.[Abstract] One of the challenges related to solar thermal power plants is the high water consumption, which mainly comes from the cooling process of the power cycle. Combined cooling systems are presented as a potential solution to reduce water consumption, while also avoiding a high penalty due to efficiency loss in the power block. This paper analyzes the application of optimization strategies for a combined cooling system in order to evaluate the most suitable operating configuration according to different operating and environmental criteria. For this purpose, it has been necessary to carry out an exhaustive experimental campaign in a pilot plant at Plataforma Solar de Almería - CIEMAT, in order to train and obtain models based on neural networks. The potential of the optimization strategy is analyzed by simulating different case studies.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; PID2021-126452OA-I0

An IoT Architecture for Water Resource Management in Agroindustrial Environments: A Case Study in Almería (Spain)†

The current agricultural water panorama in many Mediterranean countries is composed by desalination facilities, wells (frequently overexploited), the water public utility network, and several consumer agents with different water needs. This distributed water network requires centralized management methods for its proper use, which are difficult to implement as the different agents are usually geographically separated. In this sense, the use of enabling technologies such as the Internet of Things can be essential to the proper operation of these agroindustrial systems. In this paper, an Internet of Things cloud architecture based on the FIWARE standard is proposed for interconnecting the several agents that make up the agroindustrial system. In addition, this architecture includes an efficient management method based on a model predictive control technique, which is aimed at minimizing operating costs. A case study inspired by three real facilities located in Almería (southeast of Spain) is used as the simulation test bed. The obtained results show how around 75% of the total operating costs can be saved with the application of the proposed approach, which could be very significant to decrease the costs of desalinated water and, therefore, to maintain the sustainability of the agricultural system

Influence of the conditions of time and storageon dimensional stability of casts made from Irreversible hydrocolloid

Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios dimensionales de los modelos de yeso a partir de impresiones con hidrocoloide irreversible (alginato) bajo distintos tiempos de vaciado y condiciones de almacenamiento. Métodos: Estudio experimental in vitro que realizó 130 impresiones con hidrocoloide irreversible (Tropicalgin ®) sobre un modelo maestro. Las impresiones fueron asignadas en 13 grupos dependiendo del tiempo de vaciado (a los 5, 10 y 15 minutos), según las condiciones de almacenamiento (uso de torundas de algodón y/o empaques herméticas) y combinando las condiciones con los tiempos de vaciado. Las medidas de los modelos en yeso (altura y diámetro) fueron comparadas con las mediciones del modelo maestro para calcular los cambios dimensionales. Resultados: A nivel de la altura se obtuvo un cambio dimensional de 0,3 ± 0,22 mm con el uso de torundas, sellado hermético y vaciado a los 15 minutos (décimo tercer grupo), mientras que con el vaciado inmediato (primer grupo) se obtuvo un cambio de 0,41 ± 0,38 mm (p=0,03). A nivel del diámetro el cambio dimensional del décimo tercer grupo fue de 0,08 ± 0,12 mm mientras que con el primer grupo fue de 0,06 ± 0,04 mm (p=0,41) siendo estos los grupos con mayores cambios dimensionales. Conclusiones: Los grupos de modelos con impresiones almacenadas con torundas y empaques herméticos evidenciaron los menores cambios dimensionales a los 5, 10 y 15 minutos de tiempo de vaciado. Los modelos obtenidos con los tiempos de vaciado a los 10, 15 minutos y sin condiciones de almacenamiento demostraron los mayores cambios dimensionales tanto en altura como en diámetro.Objective: To evaluate the dimensional changes of casts from impressions with irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) under different emptying times and storage conditions. Methods: In vitro experimental study that made 130 impressions with irreversible hydrocolloid (Tropicalgin ®) on a master model. The impressions were assigned in 13 groups depending on the emptying time (five, ten and 15 minutes), according to the storage conditions (use of cotton and/or sealed bags) and combining the conditions with the emptying times. The measurements of the models (height and diameter) were compared with the measurements of the master model to calculate the dimensional changes. Results: Related to height, a dimensional change of 0.3 ± 0.22 mm was obtained with the use of cotton rolls, hermetic sealing and emptying at 15 minutes (thirteenth group), while with immediate emptying (first group) a change of 0.41 ± 0.38 mm (p= 0.03), being these the groups with mostdimensional changes. Regarding the diameter level, the dimensional change of the thirteenth group was 0.08 ± 0.12 mm; while the first group was 0.06 ± 0.04 mm (p= 0.41). Conclusions: The groups of models with impressions stored with cotton rolls and hermetic packs showed the smallest dimensional changes at 5, 10 and 15 minutes of emptying time. The models obtained with the emptying times at 10, 15 minutes and without storage conditions showed the greatest dimensional changes in both height and diameter

Optimal Water Management in Agro-Industrial Districts: An Energy Hub’s Case Study in the Southeast of Spain

In this work, the optimal management of the water grid belonging to a pilot agro-industrial district, based on greenhouse cultivation, is analyzed. Different water supply plants are considered in the district, some of them using renewable energies as power sources, i.e., a solar thermal desalination plant and a nanofiltration facility powered up by a photovoltaic field. Moreover, the trade with the water public utility network is also taken into account. As demanding agents, a greenhouse and an office building are contemplated. Due to the different water necessities, demand profiles, and the heterogeneous nature of the different plants considered as supplier agents, the management of the whole plant is not trivial. In this way, an algorithm based on the energy hubs approach, which takes into account economic terms and the optimal use of the available resources in its formulation, is proposed for the pilot district with a cropping area of 616 m2. Simulation results are provided in order to evidence the benefits of the proposed technique in two cases: Case 1 considers the flexible operation of the desalination plant, whereas in Case 2 the working conditions are forced to equal the plant’s maximum capacity (Case 2). A flexible operation results in a weekly improvement of 4.68% in profit, an optimized use of the desalination plant, and a reduction of the consumption of water from the public grid by 58.1%

Application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the Course "Industrial Chemical Technology" of the Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering

[EN] This paper describes the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the subject "Industrial Chemical Technology" of the Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering from the Universitat Politécnica de València (UPV). This course includes contents related to the Basic Operations of Chemical Engineering, not previously studied by most students. This fact, together with the difficulties associated with the management of 300 students have conditioned the type of methodologies that can be applied and, therefore, the level of depth at which the contents can be developed. Therefore, the main methodology applied so far has been the participative masterclass, with problem solving in the classroom. Although the results in terms of percentage of students who pass the course are very satisfactory, the approach to learning is superficial in some aspects and teachers believe that it should be adapted to master's level. To achieve deeper learning of students in the contents of the course, it has been decided to partially modify the methodology, integrating Problem-Based Learning (ABP). This new methodology will consist of grouped resolution of problems integrated into the same real industrial process, which will allow students to also acquire a more global view of the contents covered in the course. The level of the problems will be increased compared to those solved in the classroom and students will be required to search, select and justify additional data and information to solve the problems that will also be multidisciplinary. All this innovation is part of an Innovation and Educational Improvement Project granted and funded by the ¿Vicerrectorado de Estudios, Calidad y Acreditación (VECA)¿ of the UPV. This work describes how the PBL has been defined for implementation in the course and analyses the results achieved to date, identifying the aspects to be improved for the continuation of the methodology in the following academic years.This work has been funded by the Vicerrectorado de Estudios, Calidad y Acreditación (VECA of the Universitat Politécnica València (A + D Call for Innovation and Educational Improvement Projects)Sancho, M.; García-Fayos, B.; Garcia-Castello, EM.; Martí Calatayud, MC.; Rodríguez López, AD.; Bes-Piá, M.; Mendoza Roca, JA.... (2021). Application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the Course "Industrial Chemical Technology" of the Master's Degree in Industrial Engineering. IATED. 3740-3747. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.0775S3740374

A versatile CMOS transistor array IC for the statistical characterization of time-zero variability, RTN, BTI, and HCI

Statistical characterization of CMOS transistor variability phenomena in modern nanometer technologies is key for accurate end-of-life prediction. This paper presents a novel CMOS transistor array chip to statistically characterize the effects of several critical variability sources, such as time-zero variability (TZV), random telegraph noise (RTN), bias temperature instability (BTI), and hot-carrier injection (HCI). The chip integrates 3136 MOS transistors of both pMOS and nMOS types, with eight different sizes. The implemented architecture provides the chip with a high level of versatility, allowing all required tests and attaining the level of accuracy that the characterization of the above-mentioned variability effects requires. Another very important feature of the array is the capability of performing massively parallel aging testing, thus significantly cutting down the time for statistical characterization. The chip has been fabricated in a 1.2-V, 65-nm CMOS technology with a total chip area of 1800 x 1800 µm²

A versatile CMOS transistor array IC for the statistical characterization of time-zero variability, RTN, BTI, and HCI

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Statistical characterization of CMOS transistor variability phenomena in modern nanometer technologies is key for accurate end-of-life prediction. This paper presents a novel CMOS transistor array chip to statistically characterize the effects of several critical variability sources, such as time-zero variability (TZV), random telegraph noise (RTN), bias temperature instability (BTI), and hot-carrier injection (HCI). The chip integrates 3136 MOS transistors of both pMOS and nMOS types, with eight different sizes. The implemented architecture provides the chip with a high level of versatility, allowing all required tests and attaining the level of accuracy that the characterization of the above-mentioned variability effects requires. Another very important feature of the array is the capability of performing massively parallel aging testing, thus significantly cutting down the time for statistical characterization. The chip has been fabricated in a 1.2-V, 65-nm CMOS technology with a total chip area of 1800 x 1800 µm².Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft