Quem são os Professores das Escolas Charter? Comparando Características dos Professores, Opções de Emprego e Preferências de Emprego

Given the importance of teachers to student learning, it is important to understand how and why charter schools differ in terms of their human capital. This paper explores the following questions: How do teacher qualifications and characteristics vary across school types? How much choice do teachers feel they have about where to work? How do teacher preferences for where to work differ by school type? Our findings suggest that charter school teachers do have different preferences for where to work compared to traditional public school teachers, but understanding these differences requires exploring differences among types of charter schools as well.Dada la importancia de los docentes en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, es importante entender cómo y por qué las escuelas charter (concesionadas) difieren en cuanto a su capital humano (Brewer y Ahn, 2010). Este artículo explora las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo varían las cualificaciones y características de los docentes según los tipos de escuela? ¿Cuántas opciones de escoger tienen lo docentes sobre dónde trabajar?, ¿Cómo difieren las preferencias de los docentes sobre dónde trabajar según el tipo de escuela? Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los docentes de escuelas charter tienen diferentes preferencias acerca de dónde trabajar en comparación con los maestros de escuelas públicas tradicionales, pero la comprensión de estas diferencias requiere también de explorar las diferencias entre los tipos de escuelas charter.Dada a importância dos professores para as aprendizagens dos estudantes, é importante compreender como e porquê as escolas Charter diferem em termos do seu capital humano (Brewer Ahn, 2010). Este artigo explora as seguintes questões: Como é que as qualificações e as características dos professores variam de acordo com o tipo de escola? Quanta possibilidade de escolha os professores sentem que têm sobre o local onde trabalhar? Como é que as preferências dos professores relativamente ao local onde trabalhar diferem com o tipo de escola? Os nossos resultados sugerem que os professores das escolas Charter têm diferentes preferências para o local de trabalho em comparação com os professores das escolas públicas tradicionais, mas a compreensão dessas diferenças exige explorar de igual modo as diferenças entre os tipos de escolas Charter

Glutamatergic transmission in the central nucleus of the amygdala is selectively altered in Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats: Alcohol and CRF effects

The CRF system of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is important for the processing of anxiety, stress, and effects of acute and chronic ethanol. We previously reported that ethanol decreases evoked glutamate transmission in the CeA of Sprague Dawley rats and that ethanol dependence alters glutamate release in the CeA. Here, we examined the effects of ethanol, CRF and a CRF1 receptor antagonist on spontaneous and evoked glutamatergic transmission in CeA neurons from Wistar and Marchigian Sardinian Preferring (msP) rats, a rodent line genetically selected for excessive alcohol drinking and characterized by heightened activity of the CRF1 system. Basal spontaneous and evoked glutamate transmission in CeA neurons from msP rats was increased compared to Wistar rats. Ethanol had divergent effects, either increasing or decreasing spontaneous glutamate release in the CeA of Wistar rats. This bidirectional effect was retained in msP rats, but the magnitude of the ethanol-induced increase in glutamate release was significantly smaller. The inhibitory effect of ethanol on evoked glutamatergic transmission was similar in both strains. CRF also either increased or decreased spontaneous glutamate release in CeA neurons of Wistar rats, however, in msP rats CRF only increased glutamate release. The inhibitory effect of CRF on evoked glutamatergic transmission was also lost in neurons from msP rats. A CRF1 antagonist produced only minor effects on spontaneous glutamate transmission, which were consistent across strains, and no effects on evoked glutamate transmission. These results demonstrate that the genetically altered CRF system of msP rats results in alterations in spontaneous and stimulated glutamate signaling in the CeA that may contribute to both the anxiety and drinking behavioral phenotypes

Sex differences in responses of the basolateral-central amygdala circuit to alcohol, corticosterone and their interaction

Alcohol use disorders are chronically relapsing conditions that pose significant health challenges for our society. Stress is a prevalent trigger of relapse, particularly for women, yet the mechanisms by which alcohol and stress interact, and how this differs between males and females, remain poorly understood. The glutamatergic circuit connecting the basolateral (BLA) and central (CeA) nuclei of the amygdala is a likely locus for such adaptations, yet the impact of alcohol, corticosterone and their interaction on this circuit has been understudied. In particular, no studies have addressed sex differences in these effects or potential differential responses between the lateral and medial subdivisions of the central nucleus. Thus, we assessed the effects of alcohol and corticosterone treatments on BLA-evoked compound glutamatergic responses in medial and lateral CeA neurons from male and female rats. We observed minimal differences between medial and lateral CeA responses to alcohol and corticosterone in male rats, which were primarily sensitive to alcohol-induced inhibition of glutamatergic postsynaptic potentials. Unlike male neurons, cells from female rats displayed reduced sensitivity to alcohol’s inhibitory effects. In addition, female neurons diverged in their sensitivity to corticosterone, with lateral CeA neuronal responses significantly blunted following corticosterone treatment and medial CeA neurons largely unchanged by corticosterone or subsequent co-application of alchol. Together these data highlight striking differences in how male and female amygdala respond to alcohol and the stress hormone corticosterone, factors which may impact differential susceptibility of the sexes to alcohol- and stress-related disorders

Agro-industrial byproducts as modification enhancers of the bacterial cellulose biofilm surface properties: an inverse chromatography approach

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has remarkable and excellent properties. However, the high-cost production and the use of chemicals for BC modification make its application unattractive. A simple approach to modify the properties of BC during biosynthesis, by using alternative low-cost carbon sources from agro-industrial byproducts, was studied. The carbon source (date syrup, mannitol, sucrose, food-grade sucrose, and glucose) significantly changed the BC network morphology and structure. Date syrup source induces the highest modifications in the surface properties of BC: smaller area (SBET = 4.04 m2 /g), higher hydrophobic (γd s = 45.79 mJ/ m2 ) and basic character (Kb/Ka = 1.10), at 25 ºC. Food-grade sucrose source resulted in the lowest yield of BC production (37% less), however caused an increase in the BC network reticulation and a high crystalline structure (IC = 82.3%). This sustainable and simple methodology presents a low-cost and efficient approach allowing the modulation of the surface properties of BC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Model of murine ventricular cardiac tissue for in vitro kinematic-dynamic studies of electromagnetic and beta2-adrenergic stimulation

In a model of murine ventricular cardiac tissue in vitro, we have studied the inotropic effects of electromagnetic stimulation (frequency, 75 Hz), isoproterenol administration (10 μM), and their combination. In particular, we have performed an image processing analysis to evaluate the kinematics and the dynamics of beating cardiac syncytia starting from the video registration of their contraction movement. We have found that the electromagnetic stimulation is able to counteract the β-adrenergic effect of isoproterenol and to elicit an antihypertrophic response

Mobile resource management for better user experience: an audio case study

Ubiquitous environment's research has evolved considerably over the last years. The wide range of mobile devices, their high diversity and mobility have raised a variety of challenges being resource management a predominant, and therefore attracting special attention in the research community. The Composable-Adaptive Resource Management (CARM) middleware library provides a exi- ble infrastructure where personal devices create seamlessly on-demand interconnections links to share ubiquitous resources. In this paper we present a CARM interesting use case, consisting of an improved audio listening experience by sharing a high quality audio resource. A proof-of-concept implementation is provided, and a testbed comprised of two CARM enabled mobile phones with Bluetooth connectivity making use of remote device's audio resource is described. Our approach demonstrates the importance and usability of enhancing the dynamic resource sharing experience without altering the bandwidth efficiency.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

Preliminary analysis of the mechanisms, characteristics, and causes of a recent catastrophic structurally controlled rock planar slide in Esposende (northern Portugal)

A catastrophic rock planar slide occurred in the parish of Palmeira de Faro, Esposende (N Portugal), on November 23, 2022, in the middle of the night, killing two people while they were asleep in the first floor of a building close to the affected cut slope. The collapsed slope presented a maximum height of about 23 m, and was excavated in a granitic rock mass strongly weathered, in some areas by mechanical means and, locally, with the support of blasting. The displaced material, with an estimated volume of 2000 m3, described an oblique trajectory with respect to the dip direction of the slope with a maximum length of about 44.6 m. The direction of the trajectory could be explained by the strong structural control of the instability trough three discontinuity sets which delimit the slid rock mass causing multiple damage on the above-mentioned building. Although further detailed studies are necessary to elucidate the causes of the landslide, the unfavorable geological conditions, the anomalous accumulated rainfall during the previous two months (more than double than in the historic records), and some excavations apparently performed on the cut slope could be related to this instability. Therefore, this recent landslide highlights the important influence of the rock mass structure on the development of rock planar slides.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Roberto Tomás was supported by the Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital in the framework of the project CIAICO/2021/335 and the ESA-MOST China DRAGON-5 project with ref. 59339. Tiago Miranda, Eduardo Pereira, Marisa Pnheiro, and Pedro Pinto were supported by COMPETE2020 and FEDER funds in the scope of the Geocrit project (POCI-01–0247-FEDER-047173)

Estudo das potencialidades do trabalho prático de orientação investigativa no 1º ciclo do ensino básico

Este estudo insere-se num relatório de estágio, referente ao grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, e baseia-se numa problemática assente na análise das potencialidades do trabalho prático de orientação investigativa (TPOI). Tratase de uma pesquisa na prática profissional desenvolvida em contexto de estágio, em duas escolas do 1.º CEB do Concelho de Santarém, que teve ainda como objetivo compreender as dificuldades que se colocam durante a planificação e implementação de atividades POI. Para o efeito, utilizaram-se diferentes instrumentos de recolha de dados: observação, entrevistas e documentos escritos. Ao longo do processo de planificação/implementação/reflexão foram identificadas as principais dificuldades sentidas pela futura educadora/professora nomeadamente a preparação dos guiões e do material, a gestão da turma e as dificuldades dos alunos. Os resultados demonstraram inúmeras potencialidades do TPOI na promoção de aprendizagens ao nível dos conteúdos científicos abordados, dos processos científicos e do trabalho de grupo. Contudo, os resultados permitiram também constatar que um grau de abertura elevado das atividades nem sempre apresenta o efeito desejável nas aprendizagens dos alunos, verificando-se que as características dos alunos e uma maior familiarização com este tipo de atividade é condição essencial para promover a autonomia.This study is part of a report, referring to the final stage of the Early Childhood Education and Teaching of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education and is based on a problem based on the analysis of the potential of investigative practical work. This is a research in professional practice developed in the context of teacher training, in two primary schools of the municipality of Santarém, which also aimed to understand the difficulties that arise during the planning and implementation of investigative practical work. For this purpose, we used different instruments for data collection: observation, interviews and written documents. Throughout the planning/implementation/reflection process the main difficulties, including the preparation of guidelines and materials, management of class and students' difficulties during implementation in the classroom were identified. The results demonstrated great potential of practical and investigative activities in promoting learning at the level of scientific content covered, scientific processes and group work. However, the results also noted that a high degree of openness of the activities implemented does not always have the desired effect on student learning, in fact it was found that the characteristics of students and greater familiarity with the IPWO is crucial for promoting the autonomy of students