Does language ambiguity in clinical practice justify the introduction of standard terminology? An integrative review

Aims and objectives. To research the use of ambiguous language in written information concerning patients' functioning and to identify problems resulting from the use of ambiguous language in clinical practice. Background. Many projects that aimed to introduce standard terminology concerning patients' functioning in clinical practice are unsuccessful because standard terminology is rarely used in clinical practice. These projects mainly aim to improve communication by reducing ambiguous language. Considering their lack of success, the validity of the argument that language ambiguity is used in clinical practice is questioned. Design. An integrative literature review. Methods. A systematic search of the MEDLINE (1950-2012) and CINAHL (1982-2012) databases was undertaken, including empirical and theoretical literature. The selected studies were critically appraised using a data assessment and extraction form. Results. Seventeen of 767 papers were included in the review and synthesis. The use of ambiguous language in written information concerning patients' functioning was demonstrated. Problems resulting from the use of ambiguous language in clinical practice were not identified. However, several potential problems were suggested, including hindered clinical decision-making and limited research opportunities. Conclusion. The results of this review demonstrated the use of ambiguous language concerning patients' functioning, but health professionals in clinical practice did not experience this issue as a problem. This finding might explain why many projects aimed at introducing standard terminology concerning functioning in clinical practice to solve problems caused by ambiguous language are often unsuccessful. Language ambiguity alone is not a valid argument to justify the introduction of standard terminology. Relevance to clinical practice. The introduction of standard terminology concerning patients' functioning will only be successful when clinical practice requires the aggregation and reuse of data from electronic patient records for different purposes, including multidisciplinary decision-making and research

Expression of Interest for a Phase-II LHCb Upgrade: Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

https://cds.cern.ch/record/224431

Quantaloids and non-commutative ring representations

Our aim is to generalize to the non-commutative case, the generic representation of commutative rings by sheaves on their quantales of ideals. As the quantale of two-sided ideals is not a sufficiently rich structure, we define and work on a quantaloid of left and right ideals. A workable notion of sheaf is introduced using matrices with values in a quantaloid. For a given ring R, we obtain a category of sheaves where the terminal object is endowed with a special subobject. There exists a representing sheaf for R in the sense that the elements of R correspond to the sections from the special subobject and the global sections correspond to the center

Study of J/ψ Production in Jets

The production of J/ψ mesons in jets is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions using data collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The fraction of the jet transverse momentum carried by the J/ψ meson, z(J/ψ)≡pT(J/ψ)/pT(jet), is measured using jets with pT(jet)>20  GeV in the pseudorapidity range 2.5 20$GeV in the pseudorapidity range$2.5 < \eta({\rm jet}) < 4.0$. The observed$z$distribution for$J/\psi$mesons produced in$b$-hadron decays is consistent with expectations. However, the results for prompt$J/\psi$production do not agree with predictions based on fixed-order non-relativistic QCD. This is the first measurement of the$p_{\rm T}$fraction carried by prompt$J/\psi$ mesons in jets at any experiment