MAPA DE AMENAZA POR CRECIENTES SÚBITAS EN LA MICROCUENCA LA VIUDA, CHITAGÁ, COLOMBIA

Cada día es de gran importancia el análisis de la representación de las componentes hidrológicas y geotécnicas de los cauces cercanos a una zona urbana, dado que hay municipios que se encuentran en crecimiento y que presentan amenazas naturales y deben realizar estudios de zonificación de amenazas por fenómenos naturales que ayuden a la planificación de su desarrollo; las crecientes súbitas son uno de los fenómenos naturales de mayor ocurrencia, por las condiciones climáticas como es el caso de la emergencia ocurrida en el 2015, municipio de Chitagá, Colombia, donde se presentaron desbordamientos de quebradas, causando pérdidas económicas y daños ambientales. La quebrada La Viuda ocupa un área de 2,385km2 y una longitud del cauce principal de 5,337 Km con una altura de 2284 m.s.n.m, en cuya vertiente se identificaron usos del suelo agrícola, ganadería. El objeto principal de la investigación fue analizar la amenaza por crecientes súbitas de la quebrada La Viuda. Para ello, se recopiló información básica, características morfométricas, curvas IDF, hietogramas, hidrógramas, identificación de los puntos de muestreo de sedimentos, aforo y nivel, se establecieron ocho (8)estaciones de muestreo en la parte media y baja de la microcuenca. Se obtuvo que la pendiente promedio de la zona de estudio es de 36.26 %; y se encuentran sedimentos heterométricos incluyendo Depósitos coluviales por deslizamientos, aluviales y sustratos arcillo-limosos. La tendencia a la generación de crecientes repentinas está condicionada por factores permanentes como la naturaleza, la geología, la morfología y la vegetación natural; y en primer orden las características de las precipitaciones (tipo, intensidad, duración, distribución, etc. Por otra parte, a partir de las curvas IDF se estableció que a menor tiempo de duración mayor es la intensidad en función del periodo de retorno; se cuenta con un caudal promedio de 0.053m3/s que es bajo, pero en épocas de alta pluviosidad se presentan crecientes súbitas. Los sedimentos que predominan en el cauce son arenas mal gradadas. Además, el cauce presenta mayor tendencia a sedimentarse que a presentar socavación en su mayoría de los tramos

Association of CRTC1 polymorphisms with obesity markers in subjects from the general population with lifetime depression.

Psychiatric disorders have been hypothesized to share common etiological pathways with obesity, suggesting related neurobiological bases. We aimed to examine whether CRTC1 polymorphisms were associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to test the association of these polymorphisms with obesity markers in several large case-control samples with MDD. The association between CRTC1 polymorphisms and MDD was investigated in three case-control samples with MDD (PsyCoLaus n1=3,362, Radiant n2=3,148 and NESDA/NTR n3=4,663). The effect of CRTC1 polymorphisms on obesity markers was then explored. CRTC1 polymorphisms were not associated with MDD in the three samples. CRTC1 rs6510997C>T was significantly associated with fat mass in the PsyCoLaus study. In fact, a protective effect of this polymorphism was found in MDD cases (n=1,434, β=-1.32%, 95% CI -2.07 to -0.57, p<0.001), but not in controls. In the Radiant study, CRTC1 polymorphisms were associated with BMI, exclusively in individuals with MDD (n=2,138, β=-0.75kg/m(2), 95% CI -1.30 to -0.21, p=0.007), while no association with BMI was found in the NESDA/NTR study. Estimated fat mass using bioimpedance that capture more accurately adiposity was only present in the PsyCoLaus sample. CRTC1 polymorphisms seem to play a role with obesity markers in individuals with MDD rather than non-depressive individuals. Therefore, the weak association previously reported in the population-based samples was driven by cases diagnosed with lifetime MDD. However, CRTC1 seems not to be implicated directly in the development of psychiatric diseases

Optical Properties of Multilayered Sol–Gel Zinc-Oxide Films

Study of structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of multilayered (1–8 layers) zinc oxide films deposited on glass substrates by sol-gel method showed, that after thermal treatment at 500°C they consist of random oriented hexagonal crystalline grains with size of 34–40 nm, forming larger particles with sizes of 100–150 nm, which do not depend on number of layers. With an increase in the number of layers, the intensity of exciton photoluminescence decreases by a factor of 10, the absorption of light in the visible and near IR ranges increases, and the efficiency of photocatalytic decomposition of the test organic dye rhodamine B increases by 10–12%. The observed changes are related to the increase in the total area of grain boundaries and to the change in the integral amount of oxygen vacancies and interstitial atoms as the number of layers increases, which makes it possible to control the properties of zinc oxide films for applications in optoelectronics, photovoltaics and photocatalysis

Forage yield of Urochloa cultivars in a warm sub-humid environment

Objective: Evaluate for 10 weeks the growth of five Urochloa cultivars: Camello, Cobra, Cayman, Convert 330, Mavuno and Xaraés; during the Nortes (NS), Drought (DS) and Rainy (RS) seasons in a humid semi-warm environment. Design/methodology/approach: Variables were crop growth rate (CGR; kg ha-1 d-1) and total dry matter yield (TDM; t ha-1); which were analyzed under a completely randomized design (Tukey; p=0.05). Results: During NS, Mavuno and Xaraés presented, on average, the highest values ??of CGR (p<0.05), 23.7 and 19.4 kg ha-1 d-1, respectively. In DS the cultivars Xaraés, Convert 330, Mavuno and Cayman, presented the highest values, with 20.7 and 26.8 kg ha-1 d-1, in week 2 and 4, respectively. During RS, in the second and fourth week of regrowth, the Xaraés and Mavuno cultivars presented the highest CGR (p<0.05), 119.8 and 144.7 kg ha-1 d-1, on average. In the NS, the Mavuno hybrid presented the highest yields (p<0.05) of TDM, 0.886, 1.553 and 2.156 t ha-1 in week 6, 8 and 10, respectively. For RS, the cultivars Camello, Cayman, Mavuno and Xaraés presented similar yields of TDM; which, on average, were 4.652, 5.312 and 6.278 t ha-1, at 6, 8 and 10 weeks, respectively. Findings/conclusions: The cultivars Xaraés, Mavuno and Cayman presented good forage potential in a humid semi-warm environment; mainly for showing greater growth and accumulation of total dry matter.Objective: To evaluate for 10 weeks the growth of five Urochloa cultivars: Camello,Cobra, Cayman, Convert 330, Mavuno and Xaraés; during the North Winds (NS), Dry(DS) and Rainy (RS) seasons in a warm sub-humid environment. Design/Methodology/Approach: The variables were crop growth rate (CGR; kg ha-1 d-1 ) and total dry matter yield (TDM; t ha -1 ); which were analyzed under a completelyrandomized design (Tukey; p=0.05). Results: During NS, Mavuno and Xaraés presented, on average, the highest values ??ofCGR (p<0.05), 23.7 and 19.4 kg ha-1 d-1, respectively. In DS the cultivars Xaraés,2Convert 330, Mavuno, and Cayman presented the highest values, with 20.7 and 26.8 kgha-1 d-1 , in week 2 and 4, respectively. During RS, in the second and fourth week ofregrowth, the Xaraés and Mavuno cultivars presented the highest CGR (p<0.05), 119.8and 144.7 kg ha-1 d-1 , on average. In the NS, the Mavuno hybrid presented the highestyields (p<0.05) of TDM, 0.886, 1.553 and 2.156 t ha -1 in week 6, 8 and 10, respectively.For RS, the cultivars Camello, Cayman, Mavuno, and Xaraés presented similar yields ofTDM; which, on average, were 4.652, 5.312 and 6.278 t ha -1 , at 6, 8 and 10 weeks,respectively. Findings/Conclusions: The cultivars Xaraés, Mavuno and Cayman presented goodforage potential in a warm sub-humid environment; mainly for showing greater growthand accumulation of total dry matter

Partial substitution of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) flour for fishmeal in extruded diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on yield parameters

The objective of this research was to evaluate yield parameters (gained weight, weight percentage, survival, feed conversion factor (FCR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), condition factor (K), specific growth rate (SGR) and hepatosomatic index (HSI)) of trouts fed with experimental diets elaborated with bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flour instead of fishmeal with 15, 30 and 45% (BF15, BF30 and BF45, respectively) for 32 days, as well as a control diet (CD). The greatest weight gain was presented by fish fed with BF15 and BF30 (14.48 and 14.14 g, respectively) with no significant differences (p>0.05) and an approximate increase of 50% of their initial weight. FCR did not show significant differences (p>0.05) among CD, BF15 and BF30 diets with an average value of 2.05. FCE did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between diets BF15 and BF30 with an average value of 46.70%. SGR did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between BF15 and BF30 diets with an average value of 1.25. It is concluded that 30% is the maximum substitution without causing a decrease in yield and nutritional parameters in rainbow trout under the experiment conditions, although further research is suggested

Biosensing for the Environment and Defence: Aqueous Uranyl Detection Using Bacterial Surface Layer Proteins

The fabrication of novel uranyl (UO22+) binding protein based sensors is reported. The new biosensor responds to picomolar levels of aqueous uranyl ions within minutes using Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-A12 S-layer protein tethered to gold electrodes. In comparison to traditional self assembled monolayer based biosensors the porous bioconjugated layer gave greater stability, longer electrode life span and a denser protein layer. Biosensors responded specifically to UO22+ ions and showed minor interference from Ni2+, Cs+, Cd2+ and Co2+. Chemical modification of JG-A12 protein phosphate and carboxyl groups prevented UO22+ binding, showing that both moieties are involved in the recognition to UO22+

Recent Developments in Understanding Two-dimensional Turbulence and the Nastrom-Gage Spectrum

Two-dimensional turbulence appears to be a more formidable problem than three-dimensional turbulence despite the numerical advantage of working with one less dimension. In the present paper we review recent numerical investigations of the phenomenology of two-dimensional turbulence as well as recent theoretical breakthroughs by various leading researchers. We also review efforts to reconcile the observed energy spectrum of the atmosphere (the spectrum) with the predictions of two-dimensional turbulence and quasi-geostrophic turbulence.Comment: Invited review; accepted by J. Low Temp. Phys.; Proceedings for Warwick Turbulence Symposium Workshop on Universal features in turbulence: from quantum to cosmological scales, 200

The Target Silicon Detector for the FOCUS Spectrometer

We describe a silicon microstrip detector interleaved with segments of a beryllium oxide target which was used in the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab. The detector was designed to improve the vertex resolution and to enhance the reconstruction efficiency of short-lived charm particles.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figure