Energiplan - tre trinn for tre epoker : Systematisk energioppgradering av småhus - SEOPP

ForskningsrapportDenne rapporten omhandler trinnvis oppgradering av eneboliger fra seksti-, sytti- og åttitallet til dagens forskriftsnivå eller bedre. Med en trinnvis plan kan flere boligeiere se seg råd til oppgradering, og boligmassen blir mer energivennlig. Utgangspunktet er typisk arkitektur, byggemåte, materialbruk og rehabiliteringsstatus for småhus fra de tre tiårene. På denne bakgrunnen beskrives et oppgraderingsforløp bestående av ytterveggstrinnet, kjellertrinnet og taktrinnet. For hvert trinn gjennomgås anbefalte tiltak og hvilken effekt de har

Reuse of building materials. Guide to the documentation of performance

Preface. The construction industry generates a good deal of waste, and both rehabilitation and new construction require large quantities of building materials. At present, building materials in use are mostly new and also to a large extent manufactured from virgin raw materials. Reuse of building materials can provide environmental benefits that are essential for the sustainable management of resources.However, reuse of a building material presupposes that it is suitable for reuse, in other words that it does not impair the quality of the finished building, compared with using new materials. This guide provides advice about how to assess building materials for reuse. The guide is part of the research project, REBUS (REuse of Building materials – a USer perspective). The objective of the research project is to develop new knowledge to enable the more effective reuse of building materials.publishedVersio

Unseen influence-The role of low carbon retrofit advisers and installers in the adoption and use of domestic energy technology

Reducing climate changing emissions associated with residential property continues to be a significant challenge. Five case studies of different domestic energy technology schemes in England highlight the influence of advisers and installers in householders' decisions to adopt low carbon technologies. Many of these advisers and installers are micro-enterprises working in connected groups in particular geographic areas. Such micro-enterprises form a large part of the construction sector, but despite the number of enterprises and the potential impact of changes in the behaviour of the sole traders and small firms, there appears to be little policy that specifically targets this group.Data from these case studies is presented and organised into a typological framework, in order to illustrate the range of ways in which the impact of advisers and installers can be modified. Two of the six factors in the typological framework relate to the motivation of installers themselves and how their work is perceived by their clients. By examining these factors in particular, this paper makes a novel contribution to understanding the factors that influence the take up and use of domestic energy technologies, leading to the possibility of new policy options or interventions

Retrofitting multifamily buildings with prefabricated modules – RETROKIT. Stakeholder needs and views

ForskningsrapportThis report has been developed in RetroKit,a project where 11 countries collaborate in developing prefabricated solutionsfor retrofitting multifamily buildings from 1945 to 1980. This building type hasa huge energy-saving potential, consuming 68% of the total final energy use inbuildings in Europe. The type of buildings share common features across theEuropean borders, making them suitable for retrofitting with prefabricatedmodules. To develop good solutions this projectseeks knowledge on the needs and views of the stakeholders involved inretrofitting in the 11 countries through a questionnaire survey. The survey showswhat requirements prefabricated retrofit solutions must offer to be attractive:energy performance, adaptability to the building, efficient construction, flexibledesign, and adaptability to the resident's needs. Most referencedcharacteristics of good retrofitting design are energy efficiency, cost andaesthetics. The greatest pitfalls associated with prefabrication are limitedarchitectural freedom and poor architecture

Zero energy renovation of single family houses

There are 1.2 million single family houses in Norway constituting approximately 50 % of the total dwelling stock. The energy use related to Norwegian single family houses was 30 TWH in 2009. There is a potential of an annual saving of 8 TWh within 2020, if the building envelope of all single family houses built before 1990 are upgraded. When supplementing such an upgrade with installation of energy efficient ventilation and renewable energy production on site, the energy saving potential is even greater. This research investigates if it is possible to renovate a single family house to become a zero energy building and at the same time fulfil requirements related to cost and improved home qualities. This is analysed doing a case study of houses built in the 1980s. Two strategies for zero energy renovation of a single family house built in the 1980s are analysed. The Façade strategy includes upgrade of the thermal properties of the façade including walls, windows and doors, installation of ventilation with heat recovery and renewable energy production on site. The Ambitious strategy includes renovation of the whole building envelope to passive house performance, installation of ventilation with heat recovery and renewable energy production on site. The higher heating requirement for the Façade strategy is compensated with more renewable heat production. The more extensive Ambitious renovation results in higher lifecycle cost than the less extensive upgrade. Norwegians spend huge sums of money on upgrading their homes. Upgrading kitchens and bathrooms are most common for single family houses built in the 1980s, and some of the houses are renovated. However, there is no correlation between the number of defects and the renovation status of the houses. Four categories of houses with common characteristics regarding technical condition and renovation status are identified: a) The ‘as built’ houses have not been maintained, redecorated or renovated. b) The ‘do-it-yourself’ houses have been redecorated and/or renovated by the homeowner and their social network, but may not be in a good technical condition. c) The ‘aesthetic upgrade’ houses have been redecorated and the visual qualities are upgraded, but may not be in a good technical condition. d) The ‘well-kept’ houses are maintained and renovated and are in a good technical condition. For privately owned dwellings, the optimal sustainable renovation strategy can be identified using energy performance, lifecycle cost and home qualities as indicators. The optimal zero energy renovation strategy depends on the homeowner priorities for home improvement. The 'Aesthetic' innovators and the 'Well kept' homeowners are the ones likely to prefer the Ambitious strategy due to its social impacts on factors such as aesthetics and indoor comfort, while owners of 'Do it yourself' houses and the owners of 'Aesthetic' houses wanting to keep the qualities of their house, are most likely to prefer the Façade strategy. The owners of 'As built' houses do not renovate and leave a renovation backlog to future owners of the house. Market success for zero energy renovation of dwellings depends on homeowners' priorities for improved home qualities. However, the homeowners face barriers such as lack of knowledge, lack of services and attractive products and bad advice from craftsmen when they want to carry out energy saving renovation measures. The homeowners that renovate and succeed in energy savings today are either conscious consumers or they have the required knowledge from their professio

Feasibility Study of Novel Integrated Aerogel Solutions

The market share for fibre reinforced aerogel insulation materials is expected to increase as production costs are lowered, and in this context, the development of layered products with integrated aerogel is highly interesting. The effect of uniaxial compression and humidity on the thermal conductivity of commercially available aerogel insulation blankets were measured in order to assess the feasibility of integrating aerogel blankets with other building components. The thermal performance under uniaxial compression was measured by compressing commercially available aerogel blanket materials in a heat flow meter apparatus. Up to 11.5 % decrease in apparent thermal conductivity was observed at a compressive strain of 16 %, corresponding to an applied stress of approximately 22 kPa. The thermal insulation properties of the aerogel insulation blankets remained excellent within the range of compressive stress investigated in this study (up to about 40 kPa), making aerogel integration highly interesting for building components that will be used under compression. However, a 32 % increase in thermal conductivity was observed upon exposure to an atmosphere of 95 % relative humidity (RH). Thus, in order to widen the range of application for fibre reinforced aerogel insulation materials, further investigations should be conducted to understand and improve their tolerance to moistureAcknowledgements. This work has been supported by the Research Council of Norway and several partners through “The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings” (ZEB).publishedVersio