Diagnòstics d'infermeria vinculats al procés migratori: visió dels inmigrants

L’objectiu general d’aquesta investigació pretén identificar els diagnòstics d’infermeria NANDA predominants en la població immigrant, vinculats al procés migratori i està emmarcada en el Model de Competència Cultural de Purnell i en el model Outcome Present State Test (OPT) de raonament clínic de Pesut i Herman. Tenint en compte els objectius d’aquesta recerca, aquesta s’aborda des del paradigma qualitatiu i seguint les propostes de la investigació fenomenològica que busca descobrir els significats dels fenòmens experimentats pels individus, a través de l’anàlisi de les seves descripcions, amb les que obtenim similituds i significats compartits. L’estudi s’ha dut a terme mitjançant la triangulació metodològica amb un mateix instrument i dos subjectes diferents, combinant la tècnica d’entrevista individual semiestructurada a 5 mediadores culturals amb entrevistes de la mateixa tipologia a 25 persones nouvingudes. S’ha realitzat una doble categorització de les dades ( una per la definició del context migratori i l’altra segons els dominis de la taxonomia NANDA per a la identificació dels diagnòstics d’infermeria) i el seu anàlisi s’ha realitzat amb el mètode de l’Anàlisi de Continguts (AC) amb el suport informàtic del programa Atlas-ti 6.0, complementada amb una anàlisi quantitativa de les paraules del discurs, utilitzant el programa software Textstat 3.0. A la llum dels resultats d’aquesta investigació, es proposen dos nous diagnòstics d’infermeria que es consideren directament vinculats a l’experiència migratòria.The general objective of this research is to identify nursing diagnosis NANDA which is predominant within the immigrant community, linked to the migratory process and part of the framework of Purnell’s model of cultural competence and the Outcome Present State Test (OPT) of Pesut and Herman’s critical awareness. Keeping in mind the objectives of this research, this approaches the quality-based paradigm and follows the proposals of phenomenology research which aims to discover the meanings of phenomena experienced by individuals, via description analysis, where similarities and shared meanings can be obtained. The study was carried out using a triangulation methodology with the same instrument and two different subjects, combining interviewing technique and an individual semi-structured one with 5 cultural mediators with interviews of the same typology of 25 immigrants. A double categorization of the data has been applied (one for the definition of the migratory context and another in accordance with the domains of NANDA for the identification of nursing diagnosis) and its analysis has been carried out using the Content Analysis method (AC) with computer support with Atlas-ti 6.0, complemented by a quality-based analysis of the words used, using the Textstat 3.0 software programme. In the light of the research findings, we propose two new nursing diagnostic assessments which can be regarded as directly related to the migratory experience.El objetivo general de esta investigación pretende identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería NANDA predominantes en la población inmigrante, vinculados al proceso migratorio y está enmarcada en el Modelo de Competencia Cultural de Purnell y en el modelo Outcome Present State Test (OPT) de razonamiento clínico de Pesut y Herman. Considerando los objetivos de la investigación, ésta se aborda desde el paradigma cualitativo siguiendo las propuestas de la investigación fenomenológica que busca descubrir los significados de los fenómenos experimentados por los individuos, a través del análisis de sus descripciones, con las que se obtienen similitudes y significados compartidos. El estudio ha sido llevado a cabo mediante triangulación metodológica con un mismo instrumento y dos sujetos, combinando la técnica de entrevista individual semiestructurada a 5 mediadoras culturales con entrevistas de la misma tipología a 25 persones inmigradas. Se ha realizado una doble categorización de los datos ( una para la definición del contexto migratorio y la otra bajo los dominios de la taxonomía NANDA para la identificación de los diagnósticos de enfermería) y su análisis se ha llevado cabo con el método de Análisis de Contenidos (AC) con el soporte informático del programa Atlas-ti 6.0, complementado con un análisis cuantitativo de las palabras del discurso, utilizando el programa software Textstat 3.0. Dados los resultados de esta investigación, se proponen dos nuevos diagnósticos de enfermería que se consideran directamente vinculados a la experiencia migratoria

The impact of musical pleasure and musical hedonia on verbal episodic memory

Music listening is one of the most pleasurable activities in our life. As a rewarding stimulus, pleasant music could induce long-term memory improvements for the items encoded in close temporal proximity. In the present study, we behaviourally investigated (1) whether musical pleasure and musical hedonia enhance verbal episodic memory, and (2) whether such enhancement takes place even when the pleasant stimulus is not present during the encoding. Participants (N = 100) were asked to encode words presented in different auditory contexts (highly and lowly pleasant classical music, and control white noise), played before and during (N = 49), or only before (N = 51) the encoding. The Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire was used to measure participants' sensitivity to musical reward. 24 h later, participants' verbal episodic memory was tested (old/new recognition and remember/know paradigm). Results revealed that participants with a high musical reward sensitivity present an increased recollection performance, especially for words encoded in a highly pleasant musical context. Furthermore, this effect persists even when the auditory stimulus is not concurrently present during the encoding of target items. Taken together, these findings suggest that musical pleasure might constitute a helpful encoding context able to drive memory improvements via reward mechanisms

Attitudes of undergraduate nursing students to cultural diversity: (Portuguese-Spanish) in a transboundary context.

Our main goal was to identify the attitudes of nursing students to cultural diversity in a healthcare setting, and find the potential relationship between this and the students' national background and their knowledge of cultural diversity. A descriptive observational study comparing two culturally different populations within a cross-border area (Algarve-Huelva) was conducted. The attitudes of the participants were measured across six categories: this study will describe the most significant ones. The cultural context is essential to the development of attitudes to immigration. Nursing care is a communicative act and encountering the "other" the core of the nursing professionals' work. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Project for a better attention to immigrant population in primary health in Catalonia

Esta investigación quiere facilitar la aplicación de la metodología enfermera utilizando las taxonomías NANDA, NOC y NIC a una población inmigrante y se plantea los siguientes. Objetivos: - Identificar los diagnósticos NANDA más prevalentes, vinculados al proceso migratorio de la población inmigrante y sus familias. - Confeccionar e implementar planes de cuidados de enfermería adecuados a la población inmigrante y sus familias, utilizando las taxonomías NANDA, NOC y NIC - Evaluar la idoneidad y validez de los planes estandarizados confeccionados. Metodología: El proyecto se lleva a cabo en diversos Centros de Atención Primaria del Institut Català de la Salut (ICS) de Cataluña escogidas aleatoriamente. El estudio multicéntrico consta de cuatro fases: a) Primera fase descriptiva: detección de necesidades de la población inmigrante realizada por 60 enfermeras responsables de la recogida de datos. b) Segunda fase: elaboración de planes de cuidados estandarizados según los problemas detectados ,utilizando los lenguajes enfermeros. c) Tercera fase: Implementación de planes de cuidados estandarizados d) Cuarta fase: Medición y evaluación de resultados. Conclusiones: Presentamos elementos innovadores (triangulación metodológica) para abordar con poca evidencia científica enfermera. Hemos identificado 47 etiquetas diagnósticas que están siendo asociadas con los factores relacionados y características definitorias correspondientes.The present research study tries to apply the nursing methodology of NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomy to an immigrant population and presents the following Aims: - To identify the most prevalent NANDA diagnoses linked to the migratory process of immigrant population and their families. - To elaborate and implement nursing care schemes adequate to the immigrant population and their families, using NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomy. - To evaluate suitability and validity of the already made standard schemes. Methodology: The project is being dealt with in several Primary Health Centres of the Institut Català de la Salut (ICS) in Catalonia previously selected. The multi-centre study has four stages: a) A descriptive stage: Detection of needs in the immigrant population by 60 nurses responsible for the data collection. b) Preparing some standard care plans according to the detected problems using the appropriate nursing language. c) Implementing those standard care plans. d) Outcomes measure and assessment. Conclusions: Innovative elements as methodological triangulation are here presented in order to show the small scientific nursing evidence. 47 diagnoses associated to those factors and definite characteristics have been identified

Analysis of gender perspective in the use of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses: A systematic review

Aim: To identify, describe and analyse the gender perspective in the use of the diagnoses contained in the NANDA-I taxonomy in observational studies published in the scientific literature. Design and methods: A systematic review has been conducted spanning from 2002 to 2020. The most frequent NANDA-I nursing diagnoses in care plans reported in observational studies, and the defining characteristics and related factors identified for men and women have been described. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA-P) have guided our research. The main findings have been summarized using a descriptive narrative synthesis approach.Results: Forty-one articles were included in our study. With regard to gender analysis, the percentage of men and women that make up the sample were not specified in all articles, and half of the studies did not identify gender either in the diagnosis label or in their defining characteristics or related factors. Based on the reviewed articles, gender perspectives are not systematically incorporated in the use of the NANDA-I diagnosis. Therefore, gender biases in its use in the scientific literature may exist. This situation poses barriers to determine the health responses that are different and unequal between women and men

Improving Reading Skills Using a Computerized Phonological Training Program in Early Readers with Reading Difficulties

In the last years, there has been a big effort to identify risk factors for reading difficulties and to develop new methodologies to help struggling readers. It has been shown that early intervention is more successful than late intervention, and that intensive training programs can benefit children with reading difficulties. The aim of our study is to investigate the effectiveness of an intensive computerized phonological training program designed to improve reading performance in a sample of children with reading difficulties at the early stages of their reading learning process. Thirty-two children with reading difficulties were randomly assigned to one of the two intervention groups: RDIR (children with reading difficulties following a computerized intensive remediation strategy) (n = 20) (7.01 +/- 0.69 years), focused on training phonemic awareness, decoding and reading fluency through the computational training; and RDOR (children with reading difficulties following an ordinary remediation strategy) (n = 12) (6.92 +/- 0.82 years), which consisted of a reinforcement of reading with a traditional training approach at school. Normal readers (NR) were assigned to the control group (n = 24) (7.32 +/- 0.66 years). Our results indicate that both the RDIR and RDOR groups showed an increased reading performance after the intervention. However, children in the RDIR group showed a stronger benefit than the children in the RDOR group, whose improvement was weaker. The control group did not show significant changes in reading performance during the same period. In conclusion, results suggest that intensive early intervention based on phonics training is an effective strategy to remediate reading difficulties, and that it can be used at school as the first approach to tackle such difficulties

Transcriptomic and genetic studies identify NFAT5 as a candidate gene for cocaine dependence

Cocaine reward and reinforcing effects are mediated mainly by dopaminergic neurotransmission. In this study, we aimed at evaluating gene expression changes induced by acute cocaine exposure on SH-SY5Y-differentiated cells, which have been widely used as a dopaminergic neuronal model. Expression changes and a concomitant increase in neuronal activity were observed after a 5 μM cocaine exposure, whereas no changes in gene expression or in neuronal activity took place at 1 μM cocaine. Changes in gene expression were identified in a total of 756 genes, mainly related to regulation of transcription and gene expression, cell cycle, adhesion and cell projection, as well as mitogen-activeated protein kinase (MAPK), CREB, neurotrophin and neuregulin signaling pathways. Some genes displaying altered expression were subsequently targeted with predicted functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a case-control association study in a sample of 806 cocaine-dependent patients and 817 controls. This study highlighted associations between cocaine dependence and five SNPs predicted to alter microRNA binding at the 3′-untranslated region of the NFAT5 gene. The association of SNP rs1437134 with cocaine dependence survived the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. A functional effect was confirmed for this variant by a luciferase reporter assay, with lower expression observed for the rs1437134G allele, which was more pronounced in the presence of hsa-miR-509. However, brain volumes in regions of relevance to addiction, as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging, did not correlate with NFAT5 variation. These results suggest that the NFAT5 gene, which is upregulated a few hours after cocaine exposure, may be involved in the genetic predisposition to cocaine dependence

Expectativas de permanencia de los inmigrantes de la provincia de Barcelona

En las últimas décadas se ha producido un importante movimiento migratorio de población extranjera en el territorio español. A raíz de esta gran corriente, el objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en la identificación de los factores que están relacionados con la intención de permanecer indefinidamente en la provincia de Barcelona. Para ello se ha estudiado una muestra de 1550 inmigrantes residentes en la provincia de Barcelona, aunque sólo se ha trabajado con los grupos mayoritarios de inmigrantes, como son los procedentes de Norte de África (n = 548) y de Centro y Sudamérica (n = 662). Entre los meses de julio y noviembre de 2002 se les administró un cuestionario de 32 ítems elaborado por el Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales con alguna modificación del Departament de Benestar i Familia de la Generalitat de Catalunya. A partir de un análisis de regresión logística realizado se puede concluir que el modelo ajustado para los inmigrantes procedentes del Norte de África presenta unos valores de sensibilidad y especificidad adecuados (70.7% y 75.4% respectivamente), en tanto que para el modelo ajustado entre los inmigrantes procedentes de Centro y Sudamérica la sensibilidad es muy baja (32.5%), por lo que cuestiona la adecuación del mismo. En el modelo ajustado para los inmigrantes procedentes del Norte de África, las variables que ayudan a predecir la permanencia en la provincia de Barcelona son: tiempo que llevan en Cataluña, lugar de residencia, con quien convive, dominio catalán escrito, documentación de residencia, sector de actividad donde trabaja, haber recibido cursos de catalán y haber recibido cursos de castellan