Experiencias comunales en la construcción del laboratorio artesanal de bioinsumos Catia 5. Caracas D.C.

El luchar por la soberanía agroalimentaria nos lleva a pensar en dos procesos estratégicos para producir alimentos sanos: ensemillarse y apropiarse de tecnologías para la producción de Bioinsumos. Estos procesos materializan luchas reales contra el capitalismo, el cual atenta contra la sustentabilidad. El planteamiento de un laboratorio artesanal de Bioinsumos (LAB) incluye la cría y producción de insectos entomófagos (Coccinélidos), y hongos antagónicos (Trichoderma sp) para la agricultura urbana comunal. Se trabaja con técnicas y experiencias estudiadas en otras zonas de nuestra América, adecuándolas a nuestra realidad. El LAB se consolido en conjunto con la comunidad organizada de la parroquia Sucre (eje 5) del municipio Bolivariano Libertador, Caracas, DC. Se obtuvo una producción de Trichoderma sp. (5 kilos por semana) y se mantiene la cría de Coccinélidos activada al obtener la especie en cada parcela visitada. La metodología fue participativa y de praxis llegando a diferentes comunidades que mantienen la agricultura urbana comunal como un sustento económico.Eje: B1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Relatos de experiencias).Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Peculado y reparación material en Ecuador

The evolutionary theory of the notion and foundation of harmfulness in embezzlement has varied over time, initially affecting the treasury; later, this oscillated to the fidelity of fulfillment of the functions of public servants and dignitaries. The purpose of this work, from the legal and administrative perspectives, is to integrate a holistic vision on the crime of embezzlement, reproach, its harmful effects and damage as a substantial basis for comprehensive reparation. Therefore, the participation of the intraneus and extraneous was analyzed based on the typical description and the communicability condition imposed by the article 233 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. The damage of this behavior is not always patrimonial, having an impact on the planning, the institutional budget, the fulfillment of its purposes and the realization of the population's rights.  Thus, material reparation must be proven in court as well as crime, responsibility and effectiveness of the execution of material reparation and its intensity, whether arithmetic or geometric.El ciclo evolutivo de la noción y fundamento de la lesividad en el delito de peculado ha variado en el tiempo, considerándose esencialmente que afectaba el erario público; luego, esto osciló hacia la fidelidad de cumplimiento de las funciones de los servidores públicos y dignatarios. Este trabajo buscó integrar desde las perspectivas jurídica y administrativa una visión holística sobre el delito de peculado, el reproche, sus efectos nocivos y la dañosidad como fundamento sustancial de la reparación integral. Para este fin, a partir de la descripción típica se analizó la participación del intraneus y extranesus a partir de la condición de comunicabilidad impuesta por el artículo 233 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador y la dañosidad de esta conducta que no siempre es patrimonial y se manifiesta en la afectación que representa sobre la planificación, el presupuesto institucional, el cumplimiento de sus fines y la realización de derechos de la población. La reparación material entonces resulta un punto controvertido a ser probada en juicio al igual que delito y responsabilidad. Luego, la efectividad de la ejecución de la reparación material y su intensidad ya sea aritmética o geométrica

Experiencias comunales en la construcción del laboratorio artesanal de bioinsumos Catia 5. Caracas D.C.

El luchar por la soberanía agroalimentaria nos lleva a pensar en dos procesos estratégicos para producir alimentos sanos: ensemillarse y apropiarse de tecnologías para la producción de Bioinsumos. Estos procesos materializan luchas reales contra el capitalismo, el cual atenta contra la sustentabilidad. El planteamiento de un laboratorio artesanal de Bioinsumos (LAB) incluye la cría y producción de insectos entomófagos (Coccinélidos), y hongos antagónicos (Trichoderma sp) para la agricultura urbana comunal. Se trabaja con técnicas y experiencias estudiadas en otras zonas de nuestra América, adecuándolas a nuestra realidad. El LAB se consolido en conjunto con la comunidad organizada de la parroquia Sucre (eje 5) del municipio Bolivariano Libertador, Caracas, DC. Se obtuvo una producción de Trichoderma sp. (5 kilos por semana) y se mantiene la cría de Coccinélidos activada al obtener la especie en cada parcela visitada. La metodología fue participativa y de praxis llegando a diferentes comunidades que mantienen la agricultura urbana comunal como un sustento económico.Eje: B1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Relatos de experiencias).Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Epigenetic regulation of ID4 in breast cancer: Tumor suppressor or oncogene?

Background: Inhibitor of differentiation protein 4 (ID4) is a dominant negative regulator of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. During tumorigenesis, ID4 may act as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene in different tumor types. However, the role of ID4 in breast cancer is not clear where both an oncogenic and a tumor suppressor function have been attributed. Here, we hypothesize that ID4 behaves as both, but its role in breast differs according to the estrogen receptor (ER) status of the tumor. Methods: ID4 expression was retrieved from TCGA database using UCSC Xena. Association between overall survival (OS) and ID4 was assessed using Kaplan-Meier plotter. Correlation between methylation and expression was analyzed using the MEXPRESS tool. In vitro experiments involved ectopic expression of ID4 in MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines. Migration and colony formation capacity were assessed after transfection treatments. Gene expression was analyzed by ddPCR and methylation by MSP, MS-MLPA, or ddMSP. Results: Data mining analysis revealed that ID4 expression is significantly lower in ER+ tumors with respect to ER- tumors or normal tissue. We also demonstrate that ID4 is significantly methylated in ER+ tumors. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that low ID4 expression levels were associated with poor overall survival in patients with ER+ tumors. In silico expression analysis indicated that ID4 was associated with the expression of key genes of the ER pathway only in ER+ tumors. In vitro experiments revealed that ID4 overexpression in ER+ cell lines resulted in decreased migration capacity and reduced number of colonies. ID4 overexpression induced a reduction in ER levels in ER+ cell lines, while estrogen deprivation with fulvestrant did not induce changes neither in ID4 methylation nor in ID4 expression. Conclusions: We propose that ID4 is frequently silenced by promoter methylation in ER+ breast cancers and functions as a tumor suppressor gene in these tumors, probably due to its interaction with key genes of the ER pathway. Our present study contributes to the knowledge of the role of ID4 in breast cancer.Fil: Nasif, Daniela Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Campoy, Emanuel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Laurito, Sergio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Branham, Richard Lacy. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Urrutia, Guillermo Alejandro. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Roque Moreno, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Branham, Maria Teresita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentin

Validity and validation in archetype analysis: practical assessment framework and guidelines

Archetype analysis is a promising approach in sustainability science to identify patterns and explain mechanisms shaping the sustainability of social-ecological systems. Although considerable efforts have been devoted to developing quality standards and methodological advances for archetype analysis, archetype validation remains a major challenge. Drawing on the insights from two international workshops on archetype analysis and on broader literature on validity, we propose a framework that identifies and describes six dimensions of validity: conceptual; construct; internal; external; empirical; and application validity. We first discuss the six dimensions in relation to different methodological approaches and purposes of archetype analysis. We then present an operational use of the framework for researchers to assess the validity of archetype analysis and to support sound archetype identification and policy-relevant applications. Finally, we apply our assessment to 18 published archetype analyses, which we use to describe the challenges and insights in validating the different dimensions and suggest ways to holistically improve the validity of identified archetypes. With this, we contribute to more rigorous archetype analyses, helping to develop the potential of the approach for guiding sustainability solutions.Peer Reviewe

Environmental toxins trigger PD-like progression via increased alpha-synuclein release from enteric neurons in mice

Pathological studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients suggest that PD pathology progresses from the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the olfactory bulb into the central nervous system. We have previously shown that environmental toxins acting locally on the ENS mimic this PD-like pathology progression pattern in mice. Here, we show for the first time that the resection of the autonomic nerves stops this progression. Moreover, our results show that an environmental toxin (i.e. rotenone) promotes the release of alpha-synuclein by enteric neurons and that released enteric alpha-synuclein is up-taken by presynaptic sympathetic neurites and retrogradely transported to the soma, where it accumulates. These results strongly suggest that pesticides can initiate the progression of PD pathology and that this progression is based on the transneuronal and retrograde axonal transport of alpha-synuclein. If confirmed in patients, this study would have crucial implications in the strategies used to prevent and treat PDThis work was supported by the Fritz-Thyssen Foundation, theGerman Parkinson’s disease Society and by Amelia Jimenez Gomez as private dono

Legacies of domestication, trade and herder mobility shape extant male zebu cattle diversity in South Asia and Africa

All tropically adapted humped cattle (Bos indicus or 'zebu'), descend from a domestication process that took place >8,000 years ago in South Asia. Here we present an intercontinental survey of Y-chromosome diversity and a comprehensive reconstruction of male-lineage zebu cattle history and diversity patterns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the zebu Y-chromosome haplotypes in our dataset group within three different lineages: Y3A, the most predominant and cosmopolitan lineage; Y3B, only observed in West Africa; and Y3C, predominant in South and Northeast India. The divergence times estimated for these three Zebu-specific lineages predate domestication. Coalescent demographic models support either de novo domestication of genetically divergent paternal lineages or more complex process including gene flow between wild and domestic animals. Our data suggest export of varied zebu lineages from domestication centres through time. The almost exclusive presence of Y3A haplotypes in East Africa is consistent with recent cattle restocking in this area. The cryptic presence of Y3B haplotypes in West Africa, found nowhere else, suggests that these haplotypes might represent the oldest zebu lineage introduced to Africa ca. 3,000 B.P. and subsequently replaced in most of the world. The informative ability of Interspersed Multilocus Microsatellites and Y-specific microsatellites to identify genetic structuring in cattle populations is confirmed