Influence of Zilpaterol and Mineral-Yeast Mixture on Ruminal Fermentation and Growth Performance in Finishing Steers

To evaluate the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and a mineral-yeast (MY) mixture two experiments were conducted on finishing steers. Four treatments were: 1) control; 2) MY (chromium, selenium and zinc yeast); 3) ZH; 4) YM+ZH. 125 and 800 g/ton of Zilmax© (ZH) and Bioplex© (MY), respectively, were supplemented to the total mixed ration (TMR). Four beef steers (420±32 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulae and 20 BrahamanxSwiss beef steers (375±6 kg BW) divided in four equal groups were used in the two experiments, respectively. Ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia N and DM degradability were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments. After 40 d of feeding ZH alone or with MY improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (F:G). Dressing percentage (hot and cold) were higher (P < 0.05) in supplements fed steers and the highest values were observed with MY+ZH. Our results suggested a beneficial synergetic effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and mineral-yeast (MY) mixture on growth, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of finishing steers

Temperature-related excess mortality in German cities at 2 °C and higher degrees of global warming

Background: Investigating future changes in temperature-related mortality as a function of global mean temperature (GMT) rise allows for the evaluation of policy-relevant climate change targets. So far, only few studies have taken this approach, and, in particular, no such assessments exist for Germany, the most populated country of Europe. Methods: We assess temperature-related mortality in 12 major German cities based on daily time-series of all-cause mortality and daily mean temperatures in the period 1993–2015, using distributed-lag non-linear models in a two-stage design. Resulting risk functions are applied to estimate excess mortality in terms of GMT rise relative to pre-industrial levels, assuming no change in demographics or population vulnerability. Results: In the observational period, cold contributes stronger to temperature-related mortality than heat, with overall attributable fractions of 5.49% (95%CI: 3.82–7.19) and 0.81% (95%CI: 0.72–0.89), respectively. Future projections indicate that this pattern could be reversed under progressing global warming, with heat-related mortality starting to exceed cold-related mortality at 3 °C or higher GMT rise. Across cities, projected net increases in total temperature-related mortality were 0.45% (95%CI: −0.02–1.06) at 3 °C, 1.53% (95%CI: 0.96–2.06) at 4 °C, and 2.88% (95%CI: 1.60–4.10) at 5 °C, compared to today's warming level of 1 °C. By contrast, no significant difference was found between projected total temperature-related mortality at 2 °C versus 1 °C of GMT rise. Conclusions: Our results can inform current adaptation policies aimed at buffering the health risks from increased heat exposure under climate change. They also allow for the evaluation of global mitigation efforts in terms of local health benefits in some of Germany's most populated cities. © 2020 The Author

Determining highway corridors

In the highway development process, the first planning stage is that of selecting a corridor along which the highway is to pass. Highway corridor selection represents a multicriteria decision process in which a variety of social, enviromental and economic factors must be evaluated and weighted for a large number of corridor alternatives. This paper proposes a demand-based approach to provide a set of potential corridors. The problem is formulated as a continuous location model which seeks a set of optimal corridors with respect to the demand of potential users while satisfying budget constraints. This model uses geographical information in order to estimate the length-dependent costs (such as pavement and construction cost) and the cost of earth movement. A procedure for finding the best local minima of the optimization model is proposed. This method is tested using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, two algorithms of the Simulated Annealing type and the Simplex Nedelmar method. An application using the Castilla-La Mancha\s geographic database is presented

Cociente plaquetas/bazo para el diagnóstico de várices esofágicas y riesgo de sangrado en pacientes con insuficiencia hepática: Platelet / spleen ratio for the diagnosis of esophageal varices and the risk of bleeding in patients with liver failure

Introduction:&nbsp;Upper gastrointestinal bleeding of variceal origin has a high mortality. The platelet count/spleen major diameter ratio may be a useful noninvasive parameter to predict esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients.&nbsp;Objective: to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio for the diagnosis of esophageal varices with risk of bleeding in patients with hepatic insufficiency.&nbsp;Material and Methods: Process study, performed in a Second Level Medical Facility, in patients with liver failure who underwent ultrasound, blood cytometry, liver function tests and endoscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of the platelet/spleen ratio were assessed in patients with esophageal variceal and bleeding risk.&nbsp;Results: There were 70 patients: 28 women, 42 men; main cause of liver failure in men was ethylism in 31 patients and hepatitis C virus in 20 women.&nbsp;The spleen-platelet ratio has a sensitivity of 90%, specificity 83%, false positives 16%, false negatives 9%, positive predictive value 94%, negative predictive value 75%, prevalence of 74% and diagnostic accuracy of 88% to diagnose esophageal varices with risk of bleeding.&nbsp;Conclusion: Platelet/spleen ratio is a useful, non-invasive study to diagnose esophageal varices with bleeding risk, in hospitals where endoscopy is not available.Introducción. El sangrado de tubo digestivo alto de origen variceal tiene una mortalidad alta. El cociente número de plaquetas/diámetro mayor del bazo puede ser un parámetro no invasivo útil para predecir el sangrado por várices esofágicas en pacientes cirróticos.&nbsp;Objetivo: Determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad del cociente número de plaquetas/diámetro mayor del bazo, para el diagnóstico de várices esofágicas con riesgo de sangrado en pacientes con insuficiencia hepática.&nbsp;Material Y Métodos:&nbsp;Estudio de proceso, realizado en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención médica, en pacientes con insuficiencia hepática a quienes se les realizó ultrasonido, citometría hemática, pruebas de función hepática y endoscopia. Se valoró sensibilidad y especificidad del cociente plaquetas/bazo para el diagnóstico de várices esofágicas con riesgo de sangrado.&nbsp;Resultados:&nbsp;Fueron 70 pacientes: 28 mujeres, 42 hombres; causa principal de insuficiencia hepática en hombres fue etilismo en 31 pacientes, virus de la hepatitis C en 20 mujeres.&nbsp;El cociente bazo-plaquetas tiene una sensibilidad de 90%, especificidad 83%, falsos positivos 16%, falsos negativos 9%, valor predictivo positivo 94%, valor predictivo negativo 75 %, prevalencia del 74% y una certeza diagnóstica del 88% para diagnosticar várices esofágicas con riesgo de sangrado.&nbsp;Conclusión:&nbsp;El cociente plaquetas/bazo es un estudio útil y no invasivo para diagnosticar várices esofágicas con&nbsp;riesgo de sangrado, en hospitales donde no se cuenta con endoscopía

Temperature-related excess mortality in German cities at 2 °C and higher degrees of global warming.

BACKGROUND: Investigating future changes in temperature-related mortality as a function of global mean temperature (GMT) rise allows for the evaluation of policy-relevant climate change targets. So far, only few studies have taken this approach, and, in particular, no such assessments exist for Germany, the most populated country of Europe. METHODS: We assess temperature-related mortality in 12 major German cities based on daily time-series of all-cause mortality and daily mean temperatures in the period 1993-2015, using distributed-lag non-linear models in a two-stage design. Resulting risk functions are applied to estimate excess mortality in terms of GMT rise relative to pre-industrial levels, assuming no change in demographics or population vulnerability. RESULTS: In the observational period, cold contributes stronger to temperature-related mortality than heat, with overall attributable fractions of 5.49% (95%CI: 3.82-7.19) and 0.81% (95%CI: 0.72-0.89), respectively. Future projections indicate that this pattern could be reversed under progressing global warming, with heat-related mortality starting to exceed cold-related mortality at 3 °C or higher GMT rise. Across cities, projected net increases in total temperature-related mortality were 0.45% (95%CI: -0.02-1.06) at 3 °C, 1.53% (95%CI: 0.96-2.06) at 4 °C, and 2.88% (95%CI: 1.60-4.10) at 5 °C, compared to today's warming level of 1 °C. By contrast, no significant difference was found between projected total temperature-related mortality at 2 °C versus 1 °C of GMT rise. CONCLUSIONS: Our results can inform current adaptation policies aimed at buffering the health risks from increased heat exposure under climate change. They also allow for the evaluation of global mitigation efforts in terms of local health benefits in some of Germany's most populated cities

Regulação 2.0: : uma proposta de nova solução telemática para os processos regulatórios no estado da Bahia

O processo de regulação dos serviços de saúde é altamente dinâmico, e por essa razão, as listas de espera podem ser alteradas a qualquer momento, conforme protocolos clínicos e critérios de elegibilidade. Esta dinâmica torna necessária maior transparência por parte dos gestores, para uma resposta aos usuários que aguardam atendimento, internação ou transferência, considerando que os usuários não detêm conhecimento destes critérios técnicos de priorização, e que esta falta de entendimento pode ocasionar transtornos diversos, como denúncias na mídia e judicialização do acesso. Da mesma forma, uma vez que os gestores só têm acesso às listas mediante solicitação à Central de Regulação, o acesso direto e em tempo real a estas informações permite fortalecer a capacidade de gestão da rede própria e contratualizada, à medida que será possível monitorar a espera nas unidades de referência e contrarreferência, dinamizando o processo regulatório e contribuindo para um menor congestionamento nos principais centros. Esta pesquisa resulta de um estudo empírico-exploratório, com base em revisão da literatura e intervenção organizacional, com o intuito de apresentar uma solução telemática para mediar processos regulatórios nos serviços de saúde no Estado da Bahia. Colabora com os estudos informacionais, identificando a fase atual do processo de institucionalização do uso da ferramenta, como instrumento de acesso à informação sobre os serviços de saúde regulados a gestores e usuários. O texto remete à reflexão de como os sistemas informativos favorecem os processos organizacionais. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a introdução de um novo veículo de comunicação é capaz de promover ganhos para a organização e para os usuários, dinamizando a eficiência no fluxo de atendimento

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASIGNATURA: ARITMÉTICA Y LENGUAJE MATEMÁTICO 2017B

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

Effect of the inclusion of Bacillus spp. in growing–finishing pigs’ diets: a meta-analysis

This meta-analysis determined the effect of Bacillus spp. on growth performance of growing–finishing pigs and then assessed causes for the heterogeneity of responses detected using meta-regression. A database of 22 articles published from 2000 to 2020 was identified, and 9 articles fitted the selection criteria and were integrated in the final database. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the effect size for ADG, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and F:G ratio using a standardized means difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval. A meta-regression analysis was used to investigate the cause of heterogeneity, using the individual SMD for each study assessment as the outcome and the associated SE as the measure of variance. Dietary Bacillus spp. supplementation had no effect on ADFI (SMD: −0.052, p = 0.138) and numerically increased ADG (SMD: 0.113, p = 0.081) and reduced the F:G ratio SMD: −0.127, p < 0.001). Meta-regression outcomes suggested that the number of animals per group was an essential component promoting heterogeneity in ADG. Overall, the inclusion of Bacillus spp. (median 486 mg/d) in growing–finishing pigs can increase ADG and can decrease the F:G ratio