International Spread of Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Schwarzengrund in Food Products

This serovar was isolated from persons, food, and food animals in Thailand, Denmark, and the United States

Methodologies for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm agents and surface coatings against fungal biofilms

KT acknowledges receipt of a mandate of Industrial Research Fund (IOFm/05/022). JB acknowledges funding from the European Research Council Advanced Award 3400867/RAPLODAPT and the Israel Science Foundation grant # 314/13 (www.isf.il). NG acknowledges the Wellcome Trust and MRC for funding. CD acknowledges funding from the Agence Nationale de Recherche (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID). CJN acknowledges funding from the National Institutes of Health R35GM124594 and R21AI125801. AW is supported by the Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (grant 097377), the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology (grant MR/N006364/1) at the University of Aberdeen MaCA: outside this study MaCA has received personal speaker’s honoraria the past five years from Astellas, Basilea, Gilead, MSD, Pfizer, T2Candida, and Novartis. She has received research grants and contract work paid to the Statens Serum Institute from Astellas, Basilea, Gilead, MSD, NovaBiotics, Pfizer, T2Biosystems, F2G, Cidara, and Amplyx. CAM acknowledges the Wellcome Trust and the MRC MR/N006364/1. PVD, TC and KT acknowledge the FWO research community: Biology and ecology of bacterial and fungal biofilms in humans (FWO WO.009.16N). AAB acknowledges the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – CRC FungiNet.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Strengthening conceptual foundations: Analysing frameworks for ecosystem services and poverty alleviation research

AbstractA research agenda is currently developing around the linkages between ecosystem services and poverty alleviation. It is therefore timely to consider which conceptual frameworks can best support research at this nexus. Our review of frameworks synthesises existing research on poverty/environment linkages that should not be overlooked with the adoption of the topical language of ecosystem services. A total of nine conceptual frameworks were selected on the basis of relevance. These were reviewed and compared to assess their ability to illuminate the provision of ecosystem services, the condition, determinants and dynamics of poverty, and political economy factors that mediate the relationship between poverty and ecosystem services. The paper synthesises the key contributions of each of these frameworks, and the gaps they expose in one another, drawing out lessons that can inform emerging research. Research on poverty alleviation must recognize social differentiation, and be able to distinguish between constraints of access and constraints of aggregate availability of ecosystem services. Different frameworks also highlight important differences between categories of services, their pathways of production, and their contribution to poverty alleviation. Furthermore, we highlight that it is important to acknowledge the limits of ecosystem services for poverty alleviation, given evidence that ecosystem services tend to be more associated with poverty prevention than reduction. We conclude by reflecting on the relative merits of dynamic Social–Ecological Systems frameworks versus more static checklists, and suggest that research on ecosystem services and poverty alleviation would be well served by a new framework distilling insights from the frameworks we review

Coefficients de diffusion RMN pour décrire les matériaux complexes

International audienceThe use of field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance makes it possible to measure diffusion coefficients which reflect the dynamics and structure of molecules, macromolecules and molecular assemblies. After recalling the principles, technical and practical aspects of these measurements, this article presents their analytical potential and more particularly in the field of nanomaterials. It will be shown that this information allows to characterize both objects in solution (molecular mass, aggregation, polydispersity, etc.) and divided matter (porosity, confinement, etc.).L'utilisation de la résonance magnétique nucléaire à gradient de champ permet de mesurer les coefficients de diffusion qui reflètent la dynamique et la structure des molécules, macromolécules et assemblages moléculaires. Après avoir rappelé les principes, les aspects techniques et pratiques de ces mesures, cet article en présente le potentiel analytique et, plus particulièrement, dans le domaine des nanomatériaux. Il sera montré que ces informations permettent de caractériser, aussi bien des objets en solution (masse moléculaire, agrégation, polydispersité, etc.), que la matière divisée (porosité, confinement, etc.)

Late Stone Age human remains from Ishango (Democratic Republic of Congo): new insights on Late Pleistocene modern human diversity in Africa

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Diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis by polymerase chain reaction on neonatal peripheral blood

International audienceIn a cohort of 12 consecutive neonates, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) established the diagnosis of 5 of 6 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis and did so earlier than serologic methods. We validated that PCR using neonatal peripheral blood is a sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective method to affirm the diagnosis of previously undiagnosed congenital toxoplasmosis