A percepção e os níveis de satisfação e insatisfação da imagem corporal em praticantes de atividade física

Objective: Conduct a systematic review emphasized in reading scientific articles that addressed perception, levels of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with body image in practitioners of physical activity. Method: Searches were made in the databases of the Pubmed and the Scielo using the descriptors: "body image, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, activity physics and silhouette scale ". This review analyzed national articles and from these 6 studies were selected that emphasized on the theme and that used the following methodological instruments: Body Shape Questionaire, BISQ-22, IPAQ, BMI, Stunkard Silhouettes Scale. Results: In research only with the female public, it was found that eutrophic women, overweight and obese, are mostly dissatisfied with their current body image and presented distortion in the perception of their body images. In comparative surveys between genders, women showed a tendency to have a slight distortion of their current and ideal body image and analyzing body parts, both expressed a desire for change, especially women. And that women are more active than men in terms of weekly minutes of activity. And in surveys with only the male audience only, more than half are dissatisfied with their body image because most of them have shown a desire to have more volume of lean mass. Conclusion: Most physical activity practitioners are dissatisfied with their body image, especially in cases of BMI and high weights and women expressed more dissatisfaction.Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática enfatizada em leitura de artigos científicos que abordaram sobre percepção, níveis de satisfação e insatisfação com a imagem corporal em praticantes de atividade física. Método: Foram feitas buscas nas bases de dados da Pubmed e da Scielo a partir dos descritores: “imagem corporal, satisfação, insatisfação, atividade física e escala de silhuetas". Essa revisão analisou artigos nacionais e destes foram selecionados 6 estudos que enfatizaram sobre a temática e que utilizaram os seguintes instrumentos metodológicos: Body Shape Questionaire, BISQ-22, IPAQ, IMC, Escala de Silhuetas de Stunkard. Resultados: Em pesquisas somente com o público feminino foi encontrado que mulheres eutróficas, com sobrepeso e obesas, estão em sua maioria insatisfeitas com a imagem corporal atual e apresentaram distorção na percepção de suas imagens corporais. Já nas pesquisas comparativas entre os gêneros as mulheres manifestaram tendência de possuírem leve distorção da sua imagem corporal atual e ideal e analisando partes corporais, ambos manifestaram desejo de mudança, principalmente as mulheres. E que mulheres são mais ativas que os homens em relação a quantidade de minutos semanais de atividade. E em pesquisas somente com o público masculino, mais da metade estão insatisfeitos com a imagem corporal pois a maioria demonstraram desejo de ter mais volume de massa magra. Conclusão: A maior parte dos praticantes de atividade física estão insatisfeitos com a sua imagem corporal especialmente nos casos de IMC e pesos elevados e as mulheres manifestaram mais insatisfação

Das praças gregas à ágora virtual: um panorama histórico da democracia digital

A Democracia Digital é o resultado do uso das novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação pelos setores democráticos em prol de uma participação cidadã mais ativa e direta nas decisões públicas. Porém, seu surgimento está relacionado à construção histórica do conceito de democracia e para, que seja possível compreende-la, faz necessário situa-la sócio-historicamente. Este artigo apresenta um panorama da democracia desde seu surgimento até os dias atuais, mostrando como a Democracia Digital surge como resposta a um contexto de crise das instituições democráticas apresentando soluções tecnológicas que visam o resgate de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária211324Digital Democracy is the result of the use of new Information and Communication Technologies by democratic sectors in favor of more active and direct citizen participation in public decisions. However, its emergence is related to the historical construction of the concept of democracy and, to understand it, is necessary to situate socio-historically. This article presents an overview of democracy since its inception to the present day, showing how Digital Democracy is a response to a crisis context of democratic institutions introducing technological solutions that aim the rescue of a more just and equalitarian societ

Estudo do fenômeno de exchange bias em estruturas de válvulas de spin

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Avaliação da destreza dos dedos e da força de preensão máxima em crianças com dislexia desenvolvimental

A dislexia caracteriza-se pela dificuldade de aprendizagem da leitura, escrita e soletração, sem uma causa aparente específica. Crianças e adultos com dislexia apresentam também déficits em diferentes tarefas sensório-motoras. Porém, não existe consenso quanto o efeito da dislexia na destreza dos dedos e se há alterações puramente motoras em indivíduos acometidos por essa desordem. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar crianças com e sem dislexia quanto à destreza dos dedos e à capacidade de geração de força máxima. Trinta crianças com dislexia e 30 sem dislexia, entre 8 e 14 anos, realizaram o teste dos nove pinos nos buracos (9-PnB) para avaliação da destreza manual e o teste força de preensão palmar máxima, ambos com a mão dominante. Elas foram instruídas a realizar o teste dos 9-PnB o mais rápido possível e em seguida produzir força de preensão máxima (FPMax) no dinamômetro hidráulico Jamar®. O menor tempo e a maior FPMax registradas em três tentativas foram utilizadas para as análises estatísticas. Os resultados revelaram que as crianças com dislexia são mais lentas na execução do teste dos 9-PnB, porém apresentam similar capacidade de geração de FPMax que crianças não disléxicas. Esses resultados indicam que as diferenças no desempenho em testes motores observadas entre crianças com dislexia e sem dislexia não têm origem no sistema motor e sim no modo com que a criança com dislexia processa as informações sensoriais e as transforma em respostas motoras para produzir ações

Acesso a Tratamento Endovascular para Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquémico em Portugal

Introduction: Since the publication of endovascular treatment trials and European Stroke Guidelines, Portugal has re-organized stroke healthcare. The nine centers performing endovascular treatment are not equally distributed within the country, which may lead to differential access to endovascular treatment. Our main aim was to perform a descriptive analysis of the main treatment metrics regarding endovascular treatment in mainland Portugal and its administrative districts. Material and Methods: A retrospective national multicentric cohort study was conducted, including all ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular treatment in mainland Portugal over two years (July 2015 to June 2017). All endovascular treatment centers contributed to an anonymized database. Demographic, stroke-related and procedure-related variables were collected. Crude endovascular treatment rates were calculated per 100 000 inhabitants for mainland Portugal, and each district and endovascular treatment standardized ratios (indirect age-sex standardization) were also calculated. Patient time metrics were computed as the median time between stroke onset, first-door, and puncture. Results: A total of 1625 endovascular treatment procedures were registered. The endovascular treatment rate was 8.27/100 000 inhabitants/year. We found regional heterogeneity in endovascular treatment rates (1.58 to 16.53/100 000/year), with higher rates in districts closer to endovascular treatment centers. When analyzed by district, the median time from stroke onset to puncture ranged from 212 to 432 minutes, reflecting regional heterogeneity. Conclusion: The overall national rate of EVT in the first two years after the organization of EVT-capable centers is one of the highest among European countries, however, significant regional disparities were documented. Moreover, stroke-onset-to-first-door times and in-hospital procedural times in the EVT centers were comparable to those reported in the randomized controlled trials performed in high-volume tertiary hospitals.Introdução: A aprovação do tratamento endovascular para o acidente vascular cerebral isquémico obrigou à reorganização dos cuidados de saúde em Portugal. Os nove centros que realizam tratamento endovascular não estão distribuídos equitativamente pelo território, o que poderá causar acesso diferencial a tratamento. O principal objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma análise descritiva da frequência e métricas temporais do tratamento endovascular em Portugal continental e seus distritos. Material e Métodos: Estudo de coorte nacional multicêntrico, incluindo todos os doentes com acidente vascular cerebral isquémico submetidos a tratamento endovascular em Portugal continental durante um período de dois anos (julho 2015 a junho 2017). Foram colhidos dados demográficos, relacionados com o acidente vascular cerebral e variáveis do procedimento. Taxas de tratamento endovascular brutas e ajustadas (ajuste indireto a idade e sexo) foram calculadas por 100 000 habitantes/ano para Portugal continental e cada distrito. Métricas de procedimento como tempo entre instalação, primeira porta e punção foram também analisadas. Resultados: Foram registados 1625 tratamentos endovasculares, indicando uma taxa bruta nacional de tratamento endovascular de 8,27/100 000 habitantes/ano. As taxas de tratamento endovascular entre distritos variaram entre 1,58 e 16,53/100 000/ano, com taxas mais elevadas nos distritos próximos a hospitais com tratamento endovascular. O tempo entre sintomas e punção femural entre distritos variou entre 212 e 432 minutos. Conclusão: Portugal continental apresenta uma taxa nacional de tratamento endovascular elevada, apresentando, contudo, assimetrias regionais no acesso. As métricas temporais foram comparáveis com as observadas nos ensaios clínicos piloto

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ