Opinion of college students about persons with HIV/AIDS : an exploratory study about prejudice

O estudo objetivou identificar opiniões de estudantes universitários sobre pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS, comparando-as segundo sexo e área de formação. Participaram 503 universitários, 53% mulheres, das áreas de humanas, exatas e da saúde. Afirmativas que versavam sobre pessoas soropositivas foram apresentadas, com respostas em escala Likert de cinco pontos. Com relação às afirmativas que versavam sobre demissão do emprego de pessoa infectada pelo vírus HIV e proibição de crianças soropositivas frequentarem escola, alunos da área de saúde tenderam a discordar, com diferença significativa em relação aos participantes de humanas e exatas. Nas questões "mulheres portadoras do HIV/AIDS deveriam evitar filhos" e "uma pessoa infectada pelo vírus da AIDS é responsável por essa condição de saúde", os grupos se distribuíram de modo equitativo. Não se observaram diferenças relevantes entre homens e mulheres. Há necessidade de maior informação e debate para modificar opiniões preconceituosas em relação a pessoas com HIV/AIDS entre universitários.The aim of this research was to identify the opinion of college students about people living with HIV/AIDS, according to gender and graduation fields. The participants were 503 university students, 53% of which were women, from humanities, exact sciences and health sciences fields. A questionnaire was applied with a Likert scale of five points. The questions: the employer should dismiss an employee and HIV+ children should be forbidden to go to school were answered with disagreement by health sciences students, with significant differences from the other groups of students. The questions: women infected by HIV should avoid pregnancy and a person infected by HIV is responsible for his/her health condition, the agreeing and disagreeing answers had a similar distribution among the groups of students. No differences between genders were found. The results indicate the need to discuss the subject and modify beliefs and misconceptions about people living with HIV/AIDS among higher level education groups

Síndrome del anciano frágil en personas mayores con enfermedades crónicas en la atención primaria

Objetivo: Avaliar o diagnóstico de enfermagem Síndrome do Idoso Frágil em idosos com doenças crônicas de uma regional de saúde do Distrito Federal. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado com idosos que apresentavam hipertensão arterial e/ou diabetes mellitus atendidos Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Utilizou-se de Questionário sociodemográfico, Miniexame do Estado Mental, dados antropométricos, avaliação da sarcopenia (medida pela composição corporal), força muscular e capacidade funcional e identificação do diagnóstico de enfermagem da NANDA-I. Os dados foram analisados em software estatístico. Resultados: Participaram 78 idosos. Foram identificados 93,6% idosos com Memória prejudicada, 93,6% com Mobilidade física prejudicada, 82,1% com Fadiga, 76,9% com Deambulação prejudicada, 53,8% com Deficit no autocuidado para vestir-se, 43,6% com Intolerância à atividade, 35,9% com Isolamento Social, 30,8% com Desesperança, 29,5% com Deficit no autocuidado para alimentação, 29,5% com Deficit para banho, 12,8% com Deficit para higiene íntima, e 10,3% com Débito cardíaco diminuído. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de enfermagem Síndrome do Idoso Frágil permite ter uma visão multidimensional do idoso. Considerando que um fator pode acarretar agravos a vários campos da saúde, torna-se essencial que o enfermeiro intervenha precocemente, planeje e implemente ações em curto e em longo prazo.Objective: To evaluate the frailty syndrome in the elderly nursing diagnosis in elderly with chronic diseases of a health district of the Federal District. Method: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly patients served at the Basic Health Units, who presented arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. The following were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination, anthropometric data, evaluation of sarcopenia (measured by body composition), muscle strength and functional capacity, and the identification of NANDA-I nursing diagnosis. A statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: Participation of 78 elderly people, of which 93.6% of had Impaired memory, 93.6% had Impaired physical mobility, 82.1% had Fatigue, 76.9% had Impaired ambulation, 53.8% had Dressing self-care deficit, 43.6% had Activity Intolerance, 35.9% had Social Isolation, 30.8% had Hopelessness, 29.5% had Feeding self-care deficit, 29.5% had Bathing self-care deficit, 12.8% had Toileting self-care deficit, and 10.3% had Decreased cardiac output. Conclusion: The nursing diagnosis Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly allows a multidimensional view of the elderly. Since one factor can cause health problems in several health fields, nurses must intervene early, plan and implement actions in the short and long term.Objetivo: Evaluar el diagnóstico enfermero Síndrome del Anciano Frágil en personas mayores con enfermedades crónicas de un centro regional de salud del Distrito Federal. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, llevado a cabo con ancianos que presentaban hipertensión arterial y/o diabetes mellitus atendidos en Unidades Básicas de Salud. Se utilizó un Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Miniexamen del Estado Mental, datos antropométricos, evaluación de la sarcopenia (medida por la composición corporal), fuerza muscular y capacidad funcional e identificación de diagnóstico de enfermería de la NANDA-I. Los datos fueron analizados en software estadístico. Resultados: Participaron 78 personas mayores. Fueron identificados el 93% de ancianos con Memoria perjudicada, el 93,6% con Movilidad física perjudicada, el 82,1% con Fatiga, el 76,9% con Deambulación perjudicada, el 53,8% con Déficit en el autocuidado para vestirse, el 43,6% con Intolerancia a la actividad, el 35,9% con Aislamiento Social, el 30,8% con Desesperanza, el 29,5% con Déficit en el autocuidado para alimentación, el 29,5% con Déficit para baño, el 12,8% con Déficit para higiene íntima, el 10,3% con Gasto cardiaco disminuido. Conclusión: El diagnóstico enfermero Síndrome del Anciano Frágil permite tener una visión multidimensional de la persona mayor. Considerándose que un factor puede traer agravamientos a distintos campos de la salud, se hace esencial que el enfermero intervenga precozmente, planifique e implante acciones a corto y largo plazo

Síndrome do idoso frágil em idosos com doenças crônicas na Atenção Primária

Objetivo: Avaliar o diagnóstico de enfermagem Síndrome do Idoso Frágil em idosos com doenças crônicas de uma regional de saúde do Distrito Federal. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado com idosos que apresentavam hipertensão arterial e/ou diabetes mellitus atendidos Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Utilizou-se de Questionário sociodemográfico, Miniexame do Estado Mental, dados antropométricos, avaliação da sarcopenia (medida pela composição corporal), força muscular e capacidade funcional e identificação do diagnóstico de enfermagem da NANDA-I. Os dados foram analisados em software estatístico. Resultados: Participaram 78 idosos. Foram identificados 93,6% idosos com Memória prejudicada, 93,6% com Mobilidade física prejudicada, 82,1% com Fadiga, 76,9% com Deambulação prejudicada, 53,8% com Deficit no autocuidado para vestir-se, 43,6% com Intolerância à atividade, 35,9% com Isolamento Social, 30,8% com Desesperança, 29,5% com Deficit no autocuidado para alimentação, 29,5% com Deficit para banho, 12,8% com Deficit para higiene íntima, e 10,3% com Débito cardíaco diminuído. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de enfermagem Síndrome do Idoso Frágil permite ter uma visão multidimensional do idoso. Considerando que um fator pode acarretar agravos a vários campos da saúde, torna-se essencial que o enfermeiro intervenha precocemente, planeje e implemente ações em curto e em longo prazo.Objective: To evaluate the frailty syndrome in the elderly nursing diagnosis in elderly with chronic diseases of a health district of the Federal District. Method: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly patients served at the Basic Health Units, who presented arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. The following were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination, anthropometric data, evaluation of sarcopenia (measured by body composition), muscle strength and functional capacity, and the identification of NANDA-I nursing diagnosis. A statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: Participation of 78 elderly people, of which 93.6% of had Impaired memory, 93.6% had Impaired physical mobility, 82.1% had Fatigue, 76.9% had Impaired ambulation, 53.8% had Dressing self-care deficit, 43.6% had Activity Intolerance, 35.9% had Social Isolation, 30.8% had Hopelessness, 29.5% had Feeding self-care deficit, 29.5% had Bathing self-care deficit, 12.8% had Toileting self-care deficit, and 10.3% had Decreased cardiac output. Conclusion: The nursing diagnosis Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly allows a multidimensional view of the elderly. Since one factor can cause health problems in several health fields, nurses must intervene early, plan and implement actions in the short and long term.Objetivo: Evaluar el diagnóstico enfermero Síndrome del Anciano Frágil en personas mayores con enfermedades crónicas de un centro regional de salud del Distrito Federal. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, llevado a cabo con ancianos que presentaban hipertensión arterial y/o diabetes mellitus atendidos en Unidades Básicas de Salud. Se utilizó un Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Miniexamen del Estado Mental, datos antropométricos, evaluación de la sarcopenia (medida por la composición corporal), fuerza muscular y capacidad funcional e identificación de diagnóstico de enfermería de la NANDA-I. Los datos fueron analizados en software estadístico. Resultados: Participaron 78 personas mayores. Fueron identificados el 93% de ancianos con Memoria perjudicada, el 93,6% con Movilidad física perjudicada, el 82,1% con Fatiga, el 76,9% con Deambulación perjudicada, el 53,8% con Déficit en el autocuidado para vestirse, el 43,6% con Intolerancia a la actividad, el 35,9% con Aislamiento Social, el 30,8% con Desesperanza, el 29,5% con Déficit en el autocuidado para alimentación, el 29,5% con Déficit para baño, el 12,8% con Déficit para higiene íntima, el 10,3% con Gasto cardiaco disminuido. Conclusión: El diagnóstico enfermero Síndrome del Anciano Frágil permite tener una visión multidimensional de la persona mayor. Considerándose que un factor puede traer agravamientos a distintos campos de la salud, se hace esencial que el enfermero intervenga precozmente, planifique e implante acciones a corto y largo plazo

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Optimization of Resveratrol Used as a Scaffold to Design Histone Deacetylase (HDAC-1 and HDAC-2) Inhibitors

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are epigenetic enzymes responsible for repressing gene expression through the deacetylation of histone lysine residues. Therefore, inhibition of HDACs has become an interesting approach for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer, hematology, neurodegenerative, immune diseases, bacterial infections, and more. Resveratrol (RVT) has pleiotropic effects, including pan-inhibition of HDAC isoforms; however, its ability to interfere with membranes requires additional optimization to eliminate nonspecific and off-target effects. Thus, to explore RVT as a scaffold, we designed a series of novel HDAC-1 and -2 inhibitors containing the 2-aminobenzamide subunit. Using molecular modeling, all compounds, except unsaturated compounds (4) and (7), exhibited a similar mode of interaction at the active sites of HDAC 1 and 2. The docking score values obtained from the study ranged from −12.780 to −10.967 Kcal/mol. All compounds were synthesized, with overall yields ranging from 33% to 67.3%. In an initial screening, compounds (4), (5), (7), and (20)–(26), showed enzymatic inhibitory effects ranging from 1 to 96% and 6 to 93% against HDAC-1 and HDAC-2, respectively. Compound (5), the most promising HDAC inhibitor in this series, was selected for IC50 assays, resulting in IC50 values of 0.44 µM and 0.37 µM against HDAC-1 and HDAC-2, respectively. In a panel of selectivity against HDACs 3–11, compound (5) presented selectivity towards Class I, mainly HDAC-1, 2, and 3. All compounds exhibited suitable physicochemical and ADMET properties as determined using in silico simulations. In conclusion, the optimization of the RVT structure allows the design of selective HDAC inhibitors, mainly targeting HDAC-1 and HDAC-2 isoforms

Opiniões de jovens universitários sobre pessoas com HIV/AIDS: um estudo exploratório sobre preconceito Opinion of college students about persons with HIV/AIDS: an exploratory study about prejudice

O estudo objetivou identificar opiniões de estudantes universitários sobre pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS, comparando-as segundo sexo e área de formação. Participaram 503 universitários, 53% mulheres, das áreas de humanas, exatas e da saúde. Afirmativas que versavam sobre pessoas soropositivas foram apresentadas, com respostas em escala Likert de cinco pontos. Com relação às afirmativas que versavam sobre demissão do emprego de pessoa infectada pelo vírus HIV e proibição de crianças soropositivas frequentarem escola, alunos da área de saúde tenderam a discordar, com diferença significativa em relação aos participantes de humanas e exatas. Nas questões "mulheres portadoras do HIV/AIDS deveriam evitar filhos" e "uma pessoa infectada pelo vírus da AIDS é responsável por essa condição de saúde", os grupos se distribuíram de modo equitativo. Não se observaram diferenças relevantes entre homens e mulheres. Há necessidade de maior informação e debate para modificar opiniões preconceituosas em relação a pessoas com HIV/AIDS entre universitários.<br>The aim of this research was to identify the opinion of college students about people living with HIV/AIDS, according to gender and graduation fields. The participants were 503 university students, 53% of which were women, from humanities, exact sciences and health sciences fields. A questionnaire was applied with a Likert scale of five points. The questions: the employer should dismiss an employee and HIV+ children should be forbidden to go to school were answered with disagreement by health sciences students, with significant differences from the other groups of students. The questions: women infected by HIV should avoid pregnancy and a person infected by HIV is responsible for his/her health condition, the agreeing and disagreeing answers had a similar distribution among the groups of students. No differences between genders were found. The results indicate the need to discuss the subject and modify beliefs and misconceptions about people living with HIV/AIDS among higher level education groups

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora