Associação entre incidência de dengue e variáveis climáticas

OBJECTIVE: To describe the occurrence of autochthonous dengue cases according to sex, age, suspected infection site and its relation with climatic variables. METHODS: Autochthonous dengue cases reported in São Sebastião, Southern Brazil, from 2001 to 2002 and confirmed in laboratory were studied. Larval density was verified by three indexes: building, recipients and Breteau. The relationship between rainfall, temperature and number of cases was analyzed through Spearman's correlation using time lag. RESULTS: The annual incidence coefficients for 2001 and 2002 were 80.3 and 211.1 per 10,000 inhabitants, respectively. Most dengue cases (n=1,091; 65%) were reported in the district's central area. Females (n=969; 60%) and the age groups 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 years old of both sexes were mostly affected. Significant associations were not observed between climatic variables and the number of dengue cases in the first month; however, this association became evident in the second month throughout the fourth month. CONCLUSIONS: The association between the number of dengue cases and abiotic factors identified the time lag in which rain and temperature favored the occurrence of new cases. These aspects, associated to tourist vulnerability in the coastal area, promoted conditions for dengue occurrence. The urbanization without sanitary infrastructure possibly affected mosquito density and dengue incidence. Such factors may have contributed to mosquito dispersion and dissemination of different dengue serotypes.OBJETIVO: Descrever a ocorrência de casos de dengue autóctone segundo sexo, faixa etária e local provável de infecção e sua relação com variáveis climatológicas. MÉTODOS: Os registros de casos autóctones em São Sebastião, SP, de 2001 a 2002, e confirmados laboratorialmente foram estudados. A densidade larval foi verificada pelos índices de predial, recipientes e Breteau. A relação entre dados de pluviosidade, temperatura e número de casos foi analisada pela correlação de Spearman utilizando-se o conceito time-lag. RESULTADOS: Os coeficientes de incidência anuais para 2001 e 2002 foram de 80,31 e 211,1 por 10.000 habitantes, respectivamente. A maioria dos casos de dengue (n=1.091; 65%) foi registrada na área central do município. O sexo feminino foi o mais acometido (n=969; 60%) e ambos os sexos nas faixas etárias entre 20 e 29 e 30 e 39 anos. Não foi observada correlação entre variáveis climatológicas e número de casos do mesmo mês, entretanto, esta associação ocorre a partir do segundo mês estendendo-se até o quarto mês. CONCLUSÕES: A associação entre o número de casos de dengue e fatores abióticos identificou o intervalo de tempo em que a chuva e a temperatura contribuíram na geração de novos casos. Tais aspectos, associados à vulnerabilidade turística da região litorânea, propiciaram condições para ocorrência da doença. A urbanização sem a devida estrutura de saneamento possivelmente influenciou na densidade de mosquitos e na incidência de dengue. Esses fatores podem ter contribuído para a dispersão do mosquito e disseminação dos vários sorotipos da doença

Estratégias diferenciadas e contextualizadas no Ensino de Química na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA)

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TDAH e dor crônica: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / TDAH and chronic pain: a systematic review of the literature

Introdução: O transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) é uma síndrome psiquiátrica de alta prevalência em crianças e adolescentes, mas também presente na fase adulta, sendo que nesta fase é altamente negligenciada pela sociedade. A TDAH apresenta critérios clínicos operacionais bem estabelecidos pela comunidade psiquiátrica tendo seu diagnostico formalizado pela comunidade, assim como o tratamento medicamentoso e terapêutico. Estudos recentes mostram a maior suscetibilidade de pacientes portadores de TDAH a desenvolverem dores crônicas, devido a um mecanismo de ação semelhante no organismo humano nas duas doenças. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre TDAH e variáveis de dores córnicas. Metodologia: Resumo expandido do tipo revisão sistemática, com artigos publicados nos últimos 14 anos. Utilizou o PubMed e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com os descritores “(ADHD OR Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) AND (Pain OR chronic pain)”. Resultados e Discussão: Após a leitura dos artigos pré-selecionados foi identificado uma relação intrínseca entre pacientes portadores TDAH e dores cronicas, estando essa relação vinculada a desregulação do neurotransmissor dopamina nestes pacientes. Conclusão: A TDAH é uma doença muito subdiagnosticada levando diverso pacientes a não terem o tratamento adequado e como consequência intensificação os problemas físicos e psiquiátricos que acompanham a TDAH, como as dores córnicas

Natural infection in anopheline species and its implications for autochthonous malaria in the Atlantic forest in Brazil

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud \ud A descriptive study was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest with autochthonous malaria in the Parelheiros subdistrict on the periphery of the municipality of São Paulo to identify anopheline fauna and anophelines naturally infected with Plasmodium as well as to discuss their role in this peculiar epidemiological context.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud Entomological captures were made from May 2009 to April 2011 using Shannon traps and automatic CDC traps in four areas chosen for their different patterns of human presence and incidences of malaria (anthropic zone 1, anthropic zone 2, transition zone and sylvatic zone). Natural Plasmodium infection was detected by nested PCR based on amplification of the 18S rRNA gene.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud In total, 6,073 anophelines were collected from May 2009 to April 2011, and six species were identified in the four zones. Anopheles cruzii was the predominant species in the three environments but was more abundant in the sylvatic zone.\ud Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii specimens from the anthropic and sylvatic zones were positive for P. vivax and P. malariae. An. (Ker.) bellator, An. (Nys.) triannulatus, An. (Nys.) strodei, An. (Nys.) lutzi and An. (Ano) maculipes were found in small numbers. Of these, An. (Nys.) triannulatus and An. (Nys.) lutzi, which were collected in the anthropic zone, were naturally infected with P. vivax while An. (Nys.) triannulatus from the anthropic zones and An. (Nys.) strodei from the transition zone were positive for P. malariae.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud These results confirm that Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii plays an important role as a major Plasmodium vector. However, the finding of other naturally infected species may indicate that secondary vectors are also involved in the transmission of malaria in the study areas. These findings can be expected to help in the implementation of new measures to control autochthonous malaria in areas of the Atlantic Forest.We would like to thank the Health Surveillance Supervision Sector in the São Paulo Municipal Department of Health, the Pedro Matajs Institute and the São Paulo Metropolitan Police, the Marsilac Heath Center (UBS Marsilac) and the Embura Helth Center (UBS Embura).This project was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPESP) (n°. 2008/52016-0) and SUCEN

Mucopolysaccharidosis I, II, and VI: Brief review and guidelines for treatment

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic diseases caused by the deficiency of one of the lysosomal enzymes involved in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) breakdown pathway. This metabolic block leads to the accumulation of GAG in various organs and tissues of the affected patients, resulting in a multisystemic clinical picture, sometimes including cognitive impairment. Until the beginning of the XXI century, treatment was mainly supportive. Bone marrow transplantation improved the natural course of the disease in some types of MPS, but the morbidity and mortality restricted its use to selected cases. The identification of the genes involved, the new molecular biology tools and the availability of animal models made it possible to develop specific enzyme replacement therapies (ERT) for these diseases. At present, a great number of Brazilian medical centers from all regions of the country have experience with ERT for MPS I, II, and VI, acquired not only through patient treatment but also in clinical trials. Taking the three types of MPS together, over 200 patients have been treated with ERT in our country. This document summarizes the experience of the professionals involved, along with the data available in the international literature, bringing together and harmonizing the information available on the management of these severe and progressive diseases, thus disclosing new prospects for Brazilian patients affected by these conditions

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio