Inmunidad conferida por la vacunación antiaftosa en los bovinos del Urabá Antioqueño.

Se determinaron los niveles de anticuerpos neutralizantes de la población bovina del área de Urabá, Antioquia, con base al muestreo serológico realizado en noviembre de 1977, correspondiente a 90 días post-vacunación. De los 320 bovinos menores de dos años 145 (45.31 por ciento) estaban protegidos frente al virus A-8046 y 90 (28.12 por ciento) lo estaban frente al virus O1-7250. Para los bovinos mayores de dos años, de los 306 utilizados, se observó que 205 (67 por ciento) estaban protegidos frente al virus A27-8046 y 117 (38.56 por ciento) frente al virus O1-7250. Al comparar las diferencias del porcentaje de protegidos entre ambos grupos de edad, por análisis de chi-cuadrado, se encontró que fueron altamente significativos frente al virus A27-8046 (P menor que 0.001) y significativos frente al virus O1-7250 (P menor que 0.01)Ganado de leche-Ganadería lech

Utilización de muestras de líquido esofagofaringeo para el diagnóstico de fiebre aftosa.

El diagnóstico etiológico de la fiebre aftosa (FA), se hace mediante la tipificación por la tecnica de la fijación del complemento con muestras de epitelio obtenidas de animales enfermos. En el LIMV, se hizo una investigación con el fin de mostrar la utilidad de la técnica de aislamiento de virus a partir de líquido esofágo-faríngeo (LEF) para la recuperación del virus de la fiebre aftosa en brotes de enfermedades vesiculares en los cuales no fue posible obtener muestras adecuadas de epitelios para las pruebas de diagnóstico por la fijación del complemento. Las muestras de LEF se tomaron de animales que se encontraban en la fase de recuperación, después de sufrir la enfermedad vesicular y en lapsos de tiempo variables, hasta 2 meses después de las manifestaciones clínicas. Se obtuvo el aislamiento de virus de FA en las muestras correspondientes de 19 a 32 hatos estudiados. Los virus fueron clasificados como pertenecientes a los tipos A y O de FA. Se investigó la presencia de anticuerpos séricos, contra el antígeno asociado a la infección por virus de la FA en los animales muestreados para aislamiento de virus. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que la técnica empleada para el aislamiento de virus, es una prueba eficiente que podría reforzar la vigilancia epidemiológica de la FA basada en el diagnóstico etiológicoGanado de doble propósito-Ganaderia doble proposit

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Satisfaction and associated factors in students who use the dental services of the health care institution “IPS Universitaria” (Medellin)

ABSTRACT: Dental Health Care Services incorporate patient satisfaction evaluation as a component of quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students’ satisfaction with the dental services provided by the “Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud IPS” of the University of Antioquia from the perspective of the patient and the professional who provides the service. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out in 98 students by means of qualitative and quantitative techniques such as survey on aspects like as personnel behavior, efficacy in the service rendered, information, accessibility, opportunity, safety, opinion on the facilities, overall satisfaction; it was complemented with a semi structured interview with the dentists and the students. Results: a high overall satisfaction (95.9%) was found along with elements that emphasize the technical and professional confidence of the dental personnel and the institution itself (averages above 7 for the variables studied, and percentages of high satisfaction above 50%); with some critical elements in the service that must be improved such as privacy, and opportune service. Conclusions: patient satisfaction is high in comparison with other local studies, and it depends on factors such as gender, age, social economic status, the institution, and the patient-professional relationship. This study suggests new research proposals in the patient satisfaction area in other institutions, and also proposes degrees of patient satisfaction in the dental services in order to obtain validation so they can be used in other institutions.RESUMEN: Las instituciones prestadoras de servicios odontológicos incorporan cada vez más la evaluación de la satisfacción del usuario como componente de la calidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Antioquia, sede Medellín, con los servicios odontológicos prestados por la Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud (IPS) de la misma Universidad, desde la perspectiva del usuario y el profesional que brinda atención. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo por medio de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas como una encuesta realizada en 98 estudiantes sobre aspectos tales como el trato del personal, la eficacia en la atención recibida, información, accesibilidad, oportunidad, seguridad, opinión sobre las instalaciones, satisfacción global; y se complementó con entrevistas semiestructuradas a los profesionales y a los mismos estudiantes. Resultados: se encontró una alta satisfacción global (95,9%), acompañada de elementos que resaltan la confianza técnica y profesional del personal odontológico y de la institución en sí (promedios en las variables estudiadas por encima de 7 y porcentajes de alta satisfacción por encima del 50%); con algunos elementos críticos en la atención que deben mejorarse como la privacidad y la oportunidad en el servicio. Conclusiones: la satisfacción del usuario es alta en comparación con otros estudios locales, y depende de factores como el sexo, la edad, el estrato socioeconómico, la institución y la relación profesional-paciente. Se sugiere avanzar en la construcción de propuestas investigativas en el componente satisfacción del usuario en otras instituciones y en la construcción de escalas de satisfacción del usuario ante los servicios de atención en salud bucal con validación de constructo para ser utilizadas en el medio

Hace tiempo. Un viaje paleontológico ilustrado por Colombia

En un viaje nuestro cuerpo se mueve de un lugar a otro, nuestra imaginación se despierta al conocer espacios nuevos y nuestra vida cambia con cada experiencia del recorrido. Hay viajes cortos, largos, en carro, en avión, al mar, a la montaña, y hay viajes que inician con un libro. Aquí te proponemos hacer un viaje con las maletas repletas de atención y curiosidad por las imágenes y letras en cada página. Tus ojos, oídos e imaginación serán las alas que te llevarán a descubrir formas, paisajes y seres vivos que vivieron en Colombia alguna vez.Bogotá, D. C

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

Use of Telemedicine for Post-discharge Assessment of the Surgical Wound: International Cohort Study, and Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether remote wound reviews using telemedicine can be safely upscaled, and if standardised assessment tools are needed. Summary background data: Surgical site infection is the most common complication of surgery worldwide, and frequently occurs after hospital discharge. Evidence to support implementation of telemedicine during postoperative recovery will be an essential component of pandemic recovery. Methods: The primary outcome of this study was surgical site infection reported up to 30-days after surgery (SSI), comparing rates reported using telemedicine (telephone and/or video assessment) to those with in-person review. The first part of this study analysed primary data from an international cohort study of adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery who were discharged from hospital before 30-days after surgery. The second part combined this data with the results of a systematic review to perform a meta-analysis of all available data conducted in accordance with PRIMSA guidelines (PROSPERO:192596). Results: The cohort study included 15,358 patients from 66 countries (8069 high, 4448 middle, 1744 low income). Of these, 6907 (45.0%) were followed up using telemedicine. The SSI rate reported using telemedicine was slightly lower than with in-person follow-up (13.4% vs. 11.1%, P<0.001), which persisted after risk adjustment in a mixed-effects model (adjusted odds ratio: 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.84, P<0.001). This association was consistent across sensitivity and subgroup analyses, including a propensity-score matched model. In nine eligible non-randomised studies identified, a pooled mean of 64% of patients underwent telemedicine follow-up. Upon meta-analysis, the SSI rate reported was lower with telemedicine (odds ratio: 0.67, 0.47-0.94) than in-person (reference) follow-up (I2=0.45, P=0.12), although there a high risk of bias in included studies. Conclusions: Use of telemedicine to assess the surgical wound post-discharge is feasible, but risks underreporting of SSI. Standardised tools for remote assessment of SSI must be evaluated and adopted as telemedicine is upscaled globally

Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was$216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with$195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was$1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research