Madurez y dimorfismo sexual de la ranita cohete Colostethus aff. fraterdanieli (Anura: Dendrobatidae) en una población al este de la Cordillera Central de Colombia

ABSTRACT: The minimum size of sexual maturity and sexual dimorphism are important life history traits useful to study and understand the population dynamics of any species. In this study, we determined the minimum size at sexual maturity and the existence of sexual dimorphism in a population of the rocket-frog, Colostethus aff. fraterdanieli, by means of morphological and morphometric data and macro and microscopic observation of the gonads. Females attained sexual maturity at 17.90 ± 0.1 mm snout-vent length (SVL), while males attained sexual maturity at 16.13 ± 0.06 mm SVL. Females differed from males in size, shape and throat coloration. Males were smaller than females and had a marked and dark throat coloration that sometimes extended to the chest, while females lacked this characteristic, with a throat either immaculate or weakly pigmented. In this study, we describe some important aspects of the reproductive ecology of a population of C. aff. fraterdanieli useful as a baseline for other more specialized studies.RESUMEN: El tamaño mínimo de madurez sexual y el dimorfismo sexual son importantes características de historia de vida, útiles para estudiar y comprender la dinámica poblacional de cualquier especie. En este estudio, determinamos el tamaño mínimo de madurez sexual y la existencia de dimorfismo sexual en una población de la ranita cohete, Colostethus aff. fraterdanieli, a través de datos morfológicos y morfométricos y de observaciones macro y microscópicas de las gónadas. Las hembras alcanzan la madurez sexual a los 17,90 ± 0,1 mm de longitud rostro cloaca (SVL), mientras que los machos alcanzan la madurez sexual sobre los 16,13 ± 0,06 mm (SVL). Las hembras difirieron de los machos en tamaño, forma y coloración de la garganta. Los machos fueron más pequeños que las hembras y tuvieron una marcada y oscura coloración figular que algunas veces se extiende hasta el pecho, mientras que las hembras carecen de esta característica, con una garganta inmaculada o débilmente manchada. En este estudio, describimos algunos aspectos importantes de la ecología reproductiva de una población de C. aff. fraterdanieli útiles como línea base para otros estudios más especializados

Systematics of Australian Thrasorinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) with descriptions of Mikeiinae, new subfamily, two new genera, and three new species

The Australian Thrasorinae are revised and Mikeius is transferred to Mikeiinae Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, subfam. n., and Mikeius clavatus Pujade-Villar & Restrepo-Ortiz, sp. n., is described. Two new genera of Thrasorinae are erected: Cicatrix Paretas-Martínez, gen. n., including Cicatrix pilosiscutum (Girault), comb. n. from Amblynotus, Cicatrix schauffi (Buffington), comb. n. from Mikeius, and Cicatrix neumannoides Paretas-Martínez & Restrepo-Ortiz, sp. n.; and Palmiriella Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, gen. n., including Palmiriella neumanni (Buffington), comb. n. from Mikeius, Thrasorus rieki Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, sp. n., is also described. A phylogenetic analysis of 176 morphological and biological characters, including all these new taxa and all genera previously included in Thrasorinae, was conducted. All subfamilies were recovered as monophyletic, with the following relationships: Parnipinae (Euceroptrinae (Mikeiinae (Plectocynipinae (Thrasorinae)))). A worldwide key to the subfamilies of Figitidae is provided that includes the new subfamily, as well as a key to genera Thrasorinae

Encuesta seroepidemiológica de pian en la Costa Pacífica colombiana

Yaws has been endemic in the Pacific Coast of Colombia, but the actual prevalence is not known. For this reason we carried out a survey in the communities of this part of the countty where cases had been observed. The active search for cases was based on clinical observations of patients with dermatological disorders, to whom VDRL and FA-ABS tests were administered. The epidemiological survey included 4 intradomiciliary cases for each of the clinical patients detected and also 42 extradomiciliary cases. From a total of 1,830 persons examined, only 6 presented positive results for the VDRL and FTA-ABS tests, which represents a treponema infection prevalence of 0.3%. None of the clinically suspected yaw cases reacted positively to the mentioned tests. These findings permit us to conclude that yaws is not a public health problem in the Pacific Coast of Colombia, and that the sole use of clinical parameters induces to mistaken diagnosis.El pian ha sido endémico en la Costa Pacífica colombiana, pero actualmente su frecuencia real es desconocida, razón por la cual se realizó un estudio en las comunidades de esta zona del país donde se habían conocido casos de pian. Se hizo búsqueda activa de casos clínicos sospechosos a través de examen físico de personas con problemas dermatológicos; a todos ellos se les practicaron exámenes serológicos de VDRL y FTA-ABS. Por cada caso clínico sospechoso de pian, se estudiaron - por clínica y serologia - 4 contactos intradomiciliarios y 42 contactos extradomiciliarios. De las 1.830 personas examinadas, sólo 6 fueron reactivas a las pruebas de VDRL y FTA-ABS, lo cual representa una prevalencia de treponematosis de 0,3%. Ninguna de las pruebas serológicas fue reactiva en los casos clínicos sospechosos de pian. Esto nos lleva a concluir que, en la Costa Pacífica colombiana, el pian no es un problema de salud pública y que se registran como pian otras enfermedades cuando el diagnóstico tiene sólo bases clínicas

Susceptibilidad genética y riesgo de cáncer gástrico en una población del Cauca.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the main cause of mortality by cancer in Colombia. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are involved in the detoxification of many environmental carcinogens. The homozygous deletions of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1-0) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1-0) have been associated with several types of cancer. The risk to develop GC has been associated with environmental factors and Helicobacter pylori infection. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and its levels are increased in patients infected with H. pylori. A G/ A transition in the position -308 of the promoter of the TNF-alpha has been related in several studies to an increased expression of the gene and is associated with susceptibility to GC. The association of these polymorphisms with GC and the interaction with other risk factors (life style) were investigated. Blood samples were obtained from 46 GC patients and 96 controls. The logistic regression model was used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals. These statistics established the association between the enzymatic polymorphisms and GC and between other independent factors and GC. The frequency of the TNF-alpha polymorphism in people infected with H. pylori was 18% in the GC population and 7% in the control group. This transition was not significantly associated with H. pylori infection and GC. The frequencies of the deletion polymorphisms for patients and controls were as follows: GSTM1 65.2% and 37.5%; GSTT1 17.4% and 14.6%. These results suggested that the GSTM1 deletion polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (OR of 5.5; 95%CI, 1.7-17.2). Furthermore, other risk factors such as H. pylori infection (OR 5.58, CI 1.8-17.2), smoking (OR 6.70, CI 2.2-20.3) and alcohol intake (OR 3.27, CI 1.1-9.4) were associated with GC.El cáncer gástrico es la principal causa de mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia. El riesgo de desarrollar cáncer gástrico se ha asociado con factores ambientales y con la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Las enzimas glutatión-S-transferasas están involucradas en la desintoxicación de varios carcinógenos ambientales. Las deleciones homocigóticas de glutatión-S-transferasa M1 (GSTM1-0) y glutatión-S-transferasa T1 (GSTT1-0) se han asociado con algunos tipos de cáncer. Los niveles del factor de necrosis tumoral (FNT ?) están aumentados en pacientes infectados por H. pylori. Una transición G/A en la posición -308 del promotor del FNT-? se ha visto relacionada en algunos estudios con un incremento en la expresión del gen, y está asociada con la susceptibilidad a cáncer gástrico. Se investigó la asociación de estos polimorfismos con cáncer gástrico y la interacción con otros factores de riesgo (estilo de vida). Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de 46 pacientes con cáncer gástrico y 96 controles. Se empleó el modelo de regresión logística para obtener la razón de posibilidades (OR) y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% y, así, establecer la asociación entre los polimorfismos enzimáticos y el cáncer gástrico, y entre otros factores independientes y esta enfermedad. Las frecuencias de los polimorfismos de deleción en pacientes y controles fueron: para la GSTM1, 65,2% y 37,5%, y para la GSTT1, 17,4% y 14,6%, respectivamente. La frecuencia del polimorfismo G/A del FNT ? en las personas infectadas con H. pylori fue de 18% en la población con cáncer gástrico y de 7% en el grupo control. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el polimorfismo de deleción de GSTM1 puede estar asociado con un riesgo aumentado de cáncer gástrico (OR 5,5; IC95%, 1,7-17,2). Igualmente, nuestros datos muestran que otros factores de riesgo como la infección por H. pylori y el consumo de cigarrillo y alcohol están asociados con este tipo de cáncer (OR 5,58; IC95% 1,81-17,19; OR 6,70; IC95%, 2,20-20,30 y OR 3,27; IC95% 1,14-9,4, respectivamente)

Investigación + Creación; proyecto Vestuario, Patrimonio y Comunidad

La investigación+creación es un modelo de generación de nuevo conocimiento más cercano a las áreas creativas, desde allí se plantean proyectos que fundamentan las disciplinas del diseño. Por lo anterior, el gobierno colombiano desde el 2019, crea la primera convocatoria establecida específicamente para ello; InvestigARTE. Uno de los proyectos beneficiarios de dicha iniciativa es el de Vestuario, Patrimonio y Comunidad, el cual busca reconocer los saberes artesanales y tradicionales del quehacer de una de las regiones del país, refiriéndose exclusivamente a productos que tienen que ver con el cuerpo y sus artefactos vestimentarios. Aquí se explicita su proceder y pertinencia

Implementación de servicios de infraestructura IT en Zentyal Server 5.0

En este artículo se busca abordar la importancia de Zentyal Server como plataforma para la administración de la Infraestructura IT dentro de una organización que quiera estar a la vanguardia tecnológica, donde se explicará de manera técnica la implementación de esta importante herramientaThis article seeks to address the importance of Zentyal Server as a platform for the administration of IT Infrastructure within an organization that wants to be at the forefront of technology, where the implementation of this important tool will be explained in a technical manner

Dental anomaly detection using intraoral photos via deep learning

Children with orofacial clefting (OFC) present with a wide range of dental anomalies. Identifying these anomalies is vital to understand their etiology and to discern the complex phenotypic spectrum of OFC. Such anomalies are currently identified using intra-oral exams by dentists, a costly and time-consuming process. We claim that automating the process of anomaly detection using deep neural networks (DNNs) could increase efficiency and provide reliable anomaly detection while potentially increasing the speed of research discovery. This study characterizes the use of` DNNs to identify dental anomalies by training a DNN model using intraoral photographs from the largest international cohort to date of children with nonsyndromic OFC and controls (OFC1). In this project, the intraoral images were submitted to a Convolutional Neural Network model to perform multi-label multi-class classification of 10 dental anomalies. The network predicts whether an individual exhibits any of the 10 anomalies and can do so significantly faster than a human rater can. For all but three anomalies, F1 scores suggest that our model performs competitively at anomaly detection when compared to a dentist with 8 years of clinical experience. In addition, we use saliency maps to provide a post-hoc interpretation for our model’s predictions. This enables dentists to examine and verify our model’s predictions.Fil: Ragodos, Ronilo. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Wang, Tong. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Padilla, Carmencita. University of the Philippines; FilipinasFil: Hecht, Jacqueline T.. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Estados UnidosFil: Poletta, Fernando Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; ArgentinaFil: Orioli, Ieda Maria. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Buxó, Carmen J.. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto RicoFil: Butali, Azeez. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Valencia Ramirez, Consuelo. Fundación Clínica Noel; ColombiaFil: Restrepo Muñeton, Claudia. Fundación Clínica Noel; ColombiaFil: Wehby, George. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Weinberg, Seth M.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos. University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; Estados UnidosFil: Marazita, Mary L.. University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; Estados Unidos. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Moreno Uribe, Lina M.. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Howe, Brian J.. University of Iowa; Estados Unido

Alternativas práticas ao modelo de saúde ocidental, utilizadas pelos cuidadores de pacientes com neoplasia hematológicas

Introducción: Las neoplasias hematológicas tienen la carga cultural de la palabra cáncer lo cual lleva a los cuidadores a buscar diversas alternativas. Objetivo: Describir las prácticas consideradas alternativas al modelo de salud occidental utilizadas para el cuidado de la salud, desde la experiencia de los cuidadores de pacientes adultos con neoplasias hematológicas en un Servicio de Hematología. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo. Participaron 17 cuidadores de pacientes adultos con neoplasias hematológicas, seleccionados por conveniencia del registro del servicio de Hematología. Como técnica de recolección se realizaron dos grupos de discusión. Las sesiones fueron grabadas y transcritas en su totalidad. El análisis se hizo de acuerdo con la propuesta de Janice M. Morse y se efectuó triangulación por parte de investigadores. Resultados: Emergieron tres tipos de prácticas. 1. Prácticas espirituales: la voluntad de Dios como influyente en la recuperación.; 2. Las prácticas afectivas: los lazos familiares hacen más llevadera la enfermedad y el tratamiento, y 3. Prácticas Corporales: productos de origen, vegetal, animal, semisintético y farmacológicos no convencionales. Conclusión: Los cuidadores de la población con Cáncer utilizan prácticas alternativas al tratamiento convencional, por tanto, el equipo de salud no puede ignorarlas y necesita fortalecerla orientación al paciente y sus cuidadores.Introduction: Hematological neoplasms have the cultural burden of the word cancer which leads caregivers to look for different alternatives. Objective: To analyse the anthropological link between care and tenderness to potentiate care as an essential “way to be” of the human being, who ontological way was born of care and needs care. Methodology: Descriptive qualitative study. The participants were 17 caregivers, who were selected by convenience. Two discussion groups’ sessions were performed. The sessions were recorded and transcribed in full. The analysis followed the Janice M. Morse framework. Results: The findings that emerged permitted an approach toward understanding the practices used to care for patients affected by malignant hematological disease. The practices were organized in three types: 1. Spiritual practices: God´s Will as determinant in the recovery process; 2. Emotional Practices: the familiar ties make more bearable the illness and the treatment, and, 3. Corporal practices: origin products, vegetal, animal, semi-synthetic and no conventional pharmacological products. Conclusion: The utilization of alternative practices is very common by caregivers. Healthcare practitioners cannot ignore this reality and need tools to adequately guide and inform patients and caregivers. Keywords: Complementary therapies, culture, hematology, neoplasms, qualitative research, caregivers

CXCL1: A new diagnostic biomarker for human tuberculosis discovered using Diversity Outbred mice.

More humans have died of tuberculosis (TB) than any other infectious disease and millions still die each year. Experts advocate for blood-based, serum protein biomarkers to help diagnose TB, which afflicts millions of people in high-burden countries. However, the protein biomarker pipeline is small. Here, we used the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse population to address this gap, identifying five protein biomarker candidates. One protein biomarker, serum CXCL1, met the World Health Organization\u27s Targeted Product Profile for a triage test to diagnose active TB from latent M.tb infection (LTBI), non-TB lung disease, and normal sera in HIV-negative, adults from South Africa and Vietnam. To find the biomarker candidates, we quantified seven immune cytokines and four inflammatory proteins corresponding to highly expressed genes unique to progressor DO mice. Next, we applied statistical and machine learning methods to the data, i.e., 11 proteins in lungs from 453 infected and 29 non-infected mice. After searching all combinations of five algorithms and 239 protein subsets, validating, and testing the findings on independent data, two combinations accurately diagnosed progressor DO mice: Logistic Regression using MMP8; and Gradient Tree Boosting using a panel of 4: CXCL1, CXCL2, TNF, IL-10. Of those five protein biomarker candidates, two (MMP8 and CXCL1) were crucial for classifying DO mice; were above the limit of detection in most human serum samples; and had not been widely assessed for diagnostic performance in humans before. In patient sera, CXCL1 exceeded the triage diagnostic test criteria (\u3e90% sensitivity; \u3e70% specificity), while MMP8 did not. Using Area Under the Curve analyses, CXCL1 averaged 94.5% sensitivity and 88.8% specificity for active pulmonary TB (ATB) vs LTBI; 90.9% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity for ATB vs non-TB; and 100.0% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity for ATB vs normal sera. Our findings overall show that the DO mouse population can discover diagnostic-quality, serum protein biomarkers of human TB

A combined linkage, microarray and exome analysis suggests MAP3K11 as a candidate gene for left ventricular hypertrophy

Background: Electrocardiographic measures of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are used as predictors of cardiovascular risk. We combined linkage and association analyses to discover novel rare genetic variants involved in three such measures and two principal components derived from them. Methods: The study was conducted among participants from the Erasmus Rucphen Family Study (ERF), a Dutch family-based sample from the southwestern Netherlands. Variance components linkage analyses were performed using Merlin. Regions of interest (LOD > 1.9) were fine-mapped using microarray and exome sequence data. Results: We observed one significant LOD score for the second principal component on chromosome 15 (LOD score = 3.01) and 12 suggestive LOD scores. Several loci contained variants identified in GWAS for these traits; however, these did not explain the linkage peaks, nor did other common variants. Exome sequence data identified two associated variants after multiple testing corrections were applied. Conclusions: We did not find common SNPs explaining these linkage signals. Exome sequencing uncovered a relatively rare variant in MAPK3K11 on chromosome 11 (MAF = 0.01) that helped account for the suggestive linkage peak observed for the first principal component. Conditional analysis revealed a drop in LOD from 2.01 to 0.88 for MAP3K11, suggesting that this variant may partially explain the linkage signal at this chromosomal location. MAP3K11 is related to the JNK pathway and is a pro-apoptotic kinase that plays an important role in the induction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in various pathologies, including LVH. © 2018 The Author(s)