Conformité des offres d’abonnement avec accès illimité à la loi du 26 mai 2011 relative au prix du livre numérique (La)

Le présent avis fait suite à une saisine de la ministre de la culture et de la communication qui a souhaité que soit clarifiée, au regard du cadre juridique français, la situation des offres d\u27abonnement avec accès illimité qui se développent dans le secteur du livre numérique. La loi du 17 mars 2014 relative à la consommation prévoit que le médiateur du livre, dont l\u27activité en matière de conciliation de litiges porte notamment sur l\u27application de la législation sur le prix du livre, « peut formuler des préconisations afin de faire évoluer les dispositions normatives relevant de son champ de compétences ». C\u27est dans ce cadre qu\u27intervient la présente saisine. La loi du 26 mai 2011, qui vise à réguler le marché du livre numérique au moyen d\u27un système de prix public fixé par l\u27éditeur, est-elle applicable aux services de lecture numérique accessibles sur abonnement ? Le cas échéant, ces modèles de commercialisation sont-ils conformes ou peuvent-ils être mis en conformité avec les dispositions de la loi

Characterization of the Interfaces in LiFePO4/PEO-LiTFSI Composite Cathodes and to the Adjacent Layers

Interface resistances between the different components of battery cells limit their fast charge and discharge capability which is required for different applications such as electromobility. To decrease interface resistances, it is necessary to understand which individual interface they arise at and how they can be controlled. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a well-established technique for the distinction of different contributions to the internal cell resistance and allows the characterization of interface resistances. Especially the use of suitable cell setups allows one to attribute the measured resistances to specific interfaces. In this contribution, we investigate the impedance of dry polymer full cells containing a lithium iron phosphate/ poly(ethylene oxide)-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide composite cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte separator and a lithium-metal anode. Based on the results on different cell setups, we are able to reliably determine the planar resistances between the components as well as the charge transfer resistance inside the composite cathode. For unoptimized systems, we find high planar resistances, which can be significantly reduced by coating and processing strategies. For the charge transfer resistance, we find a dependence on the SOC as well as on the charging direction. Possible mechanisms for the evolution of interface resistances are discussed also based on chemical analysis performed by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

hydrogen bonds and nuclear dynamics

Knowledge about the hydrogen bond network of water is essential for understanding its anomalies as well as its special role for biochemical systems. Different types of x-ray spectroscopy allow probing of the molecular orbitals of water, revealing the electronic structure which reflects the hydrogen bond conformations. In this work a recently developed high-resolution x-ray emission spectrometer was used in combination with the microjet technique for recording spectra of liquid H2O and D2O and their mixtures with acetonitrile. Variation of the nuclear dynamics via isotope substitution and variation of the hydrogen bond conformation via dissolution in acetonitrile was investigated. These two effects have two clearly distinguishable spectral fingerprints

Dissolved carbon biogeochemistry and export in mangrove-dominated rivers of the Florida Everglades

The Shark and Harney rivers, located on the southwest coast of Florida, USA, originate in the freshwater, karstic marshes of the Everglades and flow through the largest contiguous mangrove forest in North America. In November 2010 and 2011, dissolved carbon source–sink dynamics was examined in these rivers during SF6 tracer release experiments. Approximately 80 % of the total dissolved carbon flux out of the Shark and Harney rivers during these experiments was in the form of inorganic carbon, either via air–water CO2 exchange or longitudinal flux of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the coastal ocean. Between 42 and 48 % of the total mangrove-derived DIC flux into the rivers was emitted to the atmosphere, with the remaining being discharged to the coastal ocean. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) represented ca. 10 % of the total mangrove-derived dissolved carbon flux from the forests to the rivers. The sum of mangrove-derived DIC and DOC export from the forest to these rivers was estimated to be at least 18.9 to 24.5 mmol m−2 d−1, a rate lower than other independent estimates from Shark River and from other mangrove forests. Results from these experiments also suggest that in Shark and Harney rivers, mangrove contribution to the estuarine flux of dissolved carbon to the ocean is less than 10 %

Safety evaluation of the food enzyme β-amylase obtained from barley (Hordeum vulgare)

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Safety evaluation of the food enzyme β-amylase obtained from soybean (Glycine max) whey

Publisher PD

Isogeometric analysis of the Cahn-Hilliard equation - a convergence study

Herein, we present a numerical convergence study of the Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model within an isogeometric finite element analysis framework. Using a manufactured solution, a mixed formulation of the Cahn-Hilliard equation and the direct discretisation of the weak form, which requires a C1-continuous approximation, are compared in terms of convergence rates. For approximations that are higher than second-order in space, the direct discretisation is found to be superior. Suboptimal convergence rates occur when splines of order p=2 are used. This is validated with a priori error estimates for linear problems. The convergence analysis is completed with an investigation of the temporal discretisation. Second-order accuracy is found for the generalised-α method. This ensures the functionality of an adaptive time stepping scheme which is required for the efficient numerical solution of the Cahn-Hilliard equation. The isogeometric finite element framework is eventually validated by two numerical examples of spinodal decomposition

Atlas registration for edema-corrected MRI lesion volume in mouse stroke models

Lesion volume measurements with magnetic resonance imaging are widely used to assess outcome in rodent models of stroke. In this study, we improved a mathematical framework to correct lesion size for edema which is based on manual delineation of the lesion and hemispheres. Furthermore, a novel MATLAB toolbox to register mouse brain MR images to the Allen brain atlas is presented. Its capability to calculate edema-corrected lesion size was compared to the manual approach. Automated image registration performed equally well in in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model (Pearson r=0.976, p=2.265e-11). Information encapsulated in the registration was used to generate maps of edema induced tissue volume changes. These showed discrepancies to simplified tissue models underlying the manual approach. The presented techniques provide biologically more meaningful, voxel-wise biomarkers of vasogenic edema after stroke

Mechanistic insight into RET kinase inhibitors targeting the DFG-out conformation in RET-rearranged cancer

Oncogenic fusion events have been identified in a broad range of tumors. Among them, RET rearrangements represent distinct and potentially druggable targets that are recurrently found in lung adenocarcinomas. Here, we provide further evidence that current anti-RET drugs may not be potent enough to induce durable responses in such tumors. We report that potent inhibitors such as AD80 or ponatinib that stably bind in the DFG-out conformation of RET may overcome these limitations and selectively kill RET-rearranged tumors. Using chemical genomics in conjunction with phosphoproteomic analyses in RET-rearranged cells we identify the CCDC6-RETI788N mutation and drug-induced MAPK pathway reactivation as possible mechanisms, by which tumors may escape the activity of RET inhibitors. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the druggability of RET kinase fusions that may be of help for the development of effective therapies targeting such tumors

Potentials and Technical Requirements for the Provision of Ancillary Services in Future Power Systems with Distributed Energy Resources

A decentralized supply of electrical power based on renewable energies paves the way to a sustainable power supply without nuclear energy and without the emission of greenhouse gases. This energy transition (Energiewende) entails challenges regarding the provision of Ancillary Services (AS), associated with intermittent in-feed of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into the distribution grids. In this paper, the demand, potentials, and technical requirements for AS provision in Germany, especially in the state of Lower Saxony, are discussed. These aspects are considered from multiple perspectives across all voltage levels. Beginning with a steady state analysis that focuses on the transmission grid, an expected increment in voltage violations and line congestions is revealed. Counteracting the resulting technical limit violations requires consideration of distribution grid flexibilities among others. To address this emerging demand, the potentials for the provision of AS by components in the distribution grids are identified. However, technical concepts are also required to exploit the potential, as DER in-feed has significant impact on the functionality of conventional protection systems. The analysis in this paper indicates the need for development of concepts to provide AS in the distribution grid and detailed technical requirements within a holistic simulative approach