Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

The clinical relevance of oliguria in the critically ill patient : Analysis of a large observational database

Funding Information: Marc Leone reports receiving consulting fees from Amomed and Aguettant; lecture fees from MSD, Pfizer, Octapharma, 3 M, Aspen, Orion; travel support from LFB; and grant support from PHRC IR and his institution. JLV is the Editor-in-Chief of Critical Care. The other authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Urine output is widely used as one of the criteria for the diagnosis and staging of acute renal failure, but few studies have specifically assessed the role of oliguria as a marker of acute renal failure or outcomes in general intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using a large multinational database, we therefore evaluated the occurrence of oliguria (defined as a urine output 16 years) patients in the ICON audit who had a urine output measurement on the day of admission were included. To investigate the association between oliguria and mortality, we used a multilevel analysis. Results: Of the 8292 patients included, 2050 (24.7%) were oliguric during the first 24 h of admission. Patients with oliguria on admission who had at least one additional 24-h urine output recorded during their ICU stay (n = 1349) were divided into three groups: transient - oliguria resolved within 48 h after the admission day (n = 390 [28.9%]), prolonged - oliguria resolved > 48 h after the admission day (n = 141 [10.5%]), and permanent - oliguria persisting for the whole ICU stay or again present at the end of the ICU stay (n = 818 [60.6%]). ICU and hospital mortality rates were higher in patients with oliguria than in those without, except for patients with transient oliguria who had significantly lower mortality rates than non-oliguric patients. In multilevel analysis, the need for RRT was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.19-1.91], p = 0.001), but the presence of oliguria on admission was not (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 0.97-1.34], p = 0.103). Conclusions: Oliguria is common in ICU patients and may have a relatively benign nature if only transient. The duration of oliguria and need for RRT are associated with worse outcome.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Fatores de risco associados à obesidade e sobrepeso em crianças em idade escolar Factores de riesgo asociados a la obesidad y sobrepeso de niños en edad escolar Risk factors associated with obesity and overweight in school children

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores de risco associados à obesidade e sobrepeso em crianças de ambos os sexos em idade escolar. MÉTODO: Pesquisa do tipo survey realizada com 162 crianças matriculadas no ensino fundamental I de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi obtida por meio de um formulário contendo dados antropométricos e sobre os hábitos alimentares. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística inferencial. RESULTADOS: As crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade representaram 38,2% da amostra. Os fatores de risco associados relevantes foram o consumo de refrigerantes e a prática de atividade física. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo evidencia a presença de sobrepeso e obesidade entre as crianças estudadas, confirmando a tendência mundial de mudança no perfil nutricional da população em geral.<br>OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a la obesidad y sobrepeso en niños en edad escolar de ambos los sexos. MÉTODO: Estudio do tipo survey realizado con 162 niños de una escuela pública en la cuidad de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. La regida de datos fue obtenida por medio de un formulario con datos antropométricos y sobre las costumbres alimentarias. Los datos fueran analizados por el uso de estadística de inferencia. RESULTADOS: Los niños con obesidad y sobrepeso representaron 38,2% de la amuestra. Los factores de riesgo asociado fueran el consumo de refrigerantes del tipo soda y la práctica de ejercicios físicos. CONCLUSIÓN: El estudio evidenció la presencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en la muestra bajo estudio, confirmando la tendencia mundial de cambio en el perfil nutricional da la población en general.<br>PURPOSE: To analyze the risk factors associated with obesity and overweight in school children of both sex. METHOD: Survey study carried out with 162 children students from a public school in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Data collection was obtained by means of a form with anthropometric data and about dietary habits. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics. RESULTS: Obese and over weighted children represent 38.2% of the sample. Relevant associated risk factor was the use of soda beverages and the practice of physical exercises. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the presence of obesity and overweight in the sample under study, confirming the global trend of change in the nutritional profile of the population in general

Concentrações e composições químicas do meio nutritivo para o cultivo in vitro de orquídea

Plântulas de orquídeas cultivadas in vitro respondem de forma distinta aos vários meios de cultura empregados nessa técnica. Este trabalho comparou o meio nutritivo Knudson C, utilizado no cultivo de orquídeas, com o denominado MN e outros dois meios preparados com fertilizantes Peters®: NPK 10-30-20 + micronutrientes e NPK 30-10-10 + micronutrientes para o cultivo in vitro de plântulas do híbrido Etibaia (Cattleya walkeriana x C. loddigesii), com seis meses de idade, germinadas sobre o meio Knudson C. Os três últimos meios foram testados com as seguintes doses de sais: 0,25; 0,50; 1,00; 1,75; e 2,25 g L-1, e o meio Knudson C, 2,0 g L-1. A todos os meios adicionaram-se 20 g L-1 de sacarose, solidificado com 10 g L-1 de ágar, e o pH foi ajustado a 5,7. Aos meios MN e Peters® foram acrescentados 2 g L-1 de carvão ativado e 200 ml L-1 de água de coco. Foram utilizados frascos de vidro de 320 mL contendo 35 mL de meio nutritivo, e o experimento foi mantido em sala de crescimento a 27 ± 2 ºC, 16/8 h luz/escuro e irrdiância de 48 µmol m-2s-1. Melhores respostas para produção de matéria fresca foram obtidas com os fertilizantes NPK, em comparação com os meios Knudson C e MN. A produção de matéria fresca aumentou linearmente com o aumento da dose de nutrientes nos meios MN e nos dois NPK. As plântulas de orquídea cultivadas em meio Knudson C apresentaram os menores valores para as variáveis avaliadas