DOES CLOSED INTRAMEDULLARY INTERLOCKING NAILING IN PATIENTS WITH HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURES HAS ADVANTAGES: EVALUATION THROUGH A CLINICAL STUDY

Objective: Intramedullary interlocking nail fixation (IINF) for the fracture shaft humerus (FSH) offers good clinical outcome. Evaluating the functionaloutcome of IINF in FSH and assessing the complications of the technique, time taken for fracture consolidation, and union rates were the objectives.Methods: Adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of diaphyseal fracture of humerus were assessed clinically and radiologically for the functional outcome of IINF in FSH. Functional outcome of shoulder and elbow considered together was graded as excellent, moderate, and poor. Daily assessment was done along with active physiotherapy. All were followed up at monthly intervals for 6-12 months or till the union of fracture. Radiological assessment was done at immediate post-operative period, at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results: 30 patients (males n=24, 80%) with a mean(±standard deviation) age of 39(±13.31) years were included. Road traffic accident was the frequent cause (n=18, 60%). Indirect injury was the cause in 66.66% patients. Middle 1/3rd of shaft of humerus was fractured in 53.33% patients. 10 (33.3%) patients each had oblique fracture and transverse fracture, respectively; comminuted fracture was seen in another 26.6% patients. Radial nerve palsy (10%) was the frequent associated injury of the total nine. The overall functional outcome was excellent in 80%, moderate in 16.6%, and poor in 3.3% patients. Postoperatively, nonunion, superficial infection and shoulder stiffness was seen in one patient each. Conclusion: IIFN is an excellent, least invasive surgical option for FHS with early fracture consolidation and better union rates.Keywords: Fracture shaft humerus, Functional outcome, Intramedullary interlocking nail fixation, Nonunion, Shoulder stiffness, Superficial infection

AN IMPROVED TRACKING USING IMU AND VISION FUSION FOR MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) is becoming an important cyber-physica

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Effect of Dates of Sowing on Grain Yield of Rabi Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Aim: To determine the optimum date of sowing to realize higher grain yield in rabi rice. Study Design: Split plot. Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Nizamabad during rabi, 2022. Methodology: The experiment consisted of a total of fifteen treatments which were laid out in split plot design with three replications. Treatments included were five dates of sowing in the main plot M1-20th November, M2-1st December, M3-10th December, M4-20th December, and M5-30th December and three treatments of varieties in subplots S1-JGL 24423 (long slender variety), S2-Ganga Kaveri (medium slender variety) and S3-RNR 15048 (short slender variety) randomly placed in subplots of the main plot. Results: Maximum plant height (100.3 cm), number of tillers m-2 (432), dry matter accumulation (15869 kg ha-1), grain yield (7219 kg ha-1), straw yield(8387 kg ha-1) and HI (46.1) was noticed in crop Sownon 30thDecember. Significantly maximum number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation (14263 kg ha-1), grain yield (6127 kg ha-1), straw yield (8650 kg ha-1) was observed in S2-Ganga Kaveriwhile significantly higher plant height (100.6 cm) and HI (45.0) was found in S3-RNR 15048. Lowest height was recorded in S2-Ganga Kaveri (92.6 cm), and above parameters were recorded lowest in crop sown on 20th November, while lowest number of tillers m-2and straw yield (8122 kg ha-1) was observed in crop sown on 1st December.Significantlyless number of tillers m-2 (326), dry matter accumulation (13981 kg ha-1), grain yield (6166 kg ha-1), straw yield (7526 kg ha-1) was recorded in S3-RNR 15048, while lowest HI (43.9) was recorded in S1-JGL 24423. Conclusion: Crop sown on 30thDecember revealed better performance in terms of grain yield under the present study during Rabi conditions. Among varieties, Ganga Kaveri (S2) performed better in terms of grain yield

Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Mepiquat Chloride on Yield and Economics of HDPS Cotton

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2022 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palem, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen levels and mepiquat chloride on the yield and economics of HDPS cotton. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results of this experiment revealed that application of T9: 125% RDN applied in splits at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS along with 2 sprays of 5% mepiquat chloride at 45 and 60 DAS recorded significantly higher number of bolls plant-1 (11.7), boll weight (4.49 g) and seed cotton yield (2484 kg ha-1). In terms of economic analysis, this treatment also exhibited the highest gross returns (₹ 1,78,872 ha-1), net returns (₹ 1,03,878 ha-1) and BC ratio (2.39). Conversely, the application of T1: 75% RDN in recommended splits of 20, 40, 60, 80 DAS recorded the lowest number of bolls plant-1 (8.0), boll weight (2.53 g) and seed cotton yield (1402 kg ha-1), as well as lower gross returns (₹ 1,02,766 ha-1), net returns (₹ 33,802 ha-1) and BC ratio (1.50).  Based on these findings, it is recommended to adopt the practice of applying T9: 125% RDN (150 kg N ha-1) in splits at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS along with 2 sprays of 5% mepiquat chloride at 45 and 60 DAS to achieve maximum yield and economic returns of HDPS cotton

Assessment of Soil Particle Distribution, Primary Nutrient Status and Their Response to Environmental Factors Across the Bengal Gram Productive Regions of Sangareddy, Telangana

The present study was carried out to know the fertility status of rabi grown bengal gram soils of Sanga Reddy district, Telangana state by thorough field survey during the year 2022-2023. Total of 150 soil samples (50 samples from each productivity regions) from soil surface (0 - 15 cm depth) across three productivity regions high (592-613 kg acre-1), medium (571-592 kg/acre) and low (<571 kg acre-1) were collected from the study area before sowing of the crop and analyzed for the soil particle size distribution, available Nitrogen(N), Phosphorous(P) and Potassium(K). Their status was quantified and analytical data was interpreted and statistical parameters like range, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were calculated. The sand, silt and clay content in high, medium and low productivity regions averaged 32.1 %, 26.7%, 41.1 %; 33.7 %, 26.1 %, 40.1 % and 37.4 %, 25.1 %, 37.2 % respectively. The soil available N, P and K showed mean values of 224.3 kg ha-1, 209.4 kg ha-1 and 204.0 kg ha-1; 32.0 kg ha-1, 28.4 kg ha-1, 24.8 kg ha-1 and 316.4 kg ha-1, 311.0 kg ha-1, 306.1 kg ha-1 in high, medium and low productivity regions. Low productivity areas had the largest mean sand concentration, which influenced soil particle aggregation. Silt content varied greatly, particularly in medium and low productivity zones, whereas clay content varied the most in high productivity regions. Available N decreased from high to medium and medium to low production areas. Fluctuations in available P and K showed a wide distribution within each category, as evidenced by large standard deviation and coefficient of variation values across productivity regions, particularly for potassium, emphasising the importance of considering diverse soil conditions and factors influencing potassium availability when developing fertilisation strategies

Effect of Different Doses and Scheduling Time of Plant Growth Regulators and Defoliants on Growth and Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under High Density Planting System

A field trial to determine the effect of different dosages, Scheduling time of plant growth regulators and defoliators on growth and yield of cotton under high density planting system was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal during kharif-2022. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatment details were T1: Application of Mepiquat chloride (M.C) 25 g a.i ha-1 @ 40 & 55 DAE + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 40 % boll burst, T2: M.C 25 g a.i ha-1 @ 40 & 55 DAE + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 60 % boll burst, T3: M.C 20, 30 g a.i ha-1 @ 40, 55 DAE respectively + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 40% boll burst T4: M.C 20, 30 g a.i ha-1 @ 40, 55 DAE respectively + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 60% boll burst T5: M.C 20 g a.i ha-1 @ 40,55 & 75 DAE+ Ethereal 2000ppm @ 40 % boll burst, T6: M.C 20 g a.i ha-1 @ 40, 55 & 70 DAE + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 60 % boll burst, T7: M.C 25 g a.i ha-1 @ 40, 55 & 70 DAE + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 40 % boll burst, T8: M.C 25 g a.i ha-1 @ 40, 55 & 75 DAE+ Ethereal 2000ppm @  60% boll burst, T9: M.C 20, 25, 30 g a.i ha-1 @ 40, 55 and 70 DAE respectively + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 40 % boll burst, T10: M.C 20, 25, 30 g a.i ha-1 @ 40, 55 and 70 DAE respectively + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 60 % boll burst and T11: Control .(Water spray at 40, 55 and 70 DAE). Results revealed that foliar application of M.C @ 20 g a.i ha-1 @ 40, 55 & 70 DAE in conjunction with Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 60% boll burst recorded higher seed cotton yield. Plant growth, dry matter accumulation and stalk yield were recorded highest in control plot and lowest with spraying of M.C 20, 25 and 30 g a.i ha-1 @ 40, 55 and 70 DAE respectively + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 40 % boll burst. Among similar doses of Mepiquat chloride, all the agronomic traits of cotton crop are positively influenced with application of 2000 ppm Ethereal @ 60% boll burst. The spraying of M.C @ 20 g a.i ha-1 at 40, 55 and 70 DAE + Ethereal 2000 ppm @ 60% boll burst would be economically ideal to the farming community

Optimum Sowing Window and Suitable Varieties for Cultivation Soybean (Glycine max L.) During Off-Season in Northern Telangana Zone

Aims: To identify the optimum sowing time and suitable varieties of soybean for profitable cultivation during the off-season in the Northern Telangana Agroclimatic zone of Telangana state in India. Study Design:  Strip plot design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rudrur, Nizamabad District, Telangana state, India, between October 2022 and June 2023. Methodology: The field experiment was conducted in medium clay loam soil under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three varieties viz., JS 335 (V1), ASB 22 (V2) and KDS 726 (V3) as horizontal strips and nine dates of sowings viz., 3 Oct (D1), 19 Oct (D2), 3 Nov (D3), 19 Nov (D4), 3 Dec (D5) 19 Dec (D6), 3 Jan (D7), 19 Jan (D8) and 3 Feb (D9) as vertical strips, replicated thrice. The seeds were sown by dibbling at 5 cm apart within the row and rows were space at 45 cm apart. Standard recommended package of practice of kharif season suggested by PJTSAU was followed. The data on growth yield attributes was recorded on selected 5 plant, averaged/ plant and grain yield was recorded from net plot, converted to one hectare and analyzed statistically using OP Stat. Results: The results of the experiment revealed that, the cv. KDS 726 recorded the maximum plant height (35.2 cm) and biomass accumulation (8.93 g plant-1) which was significantly more over the cv. JS 335 and cv. ASB 22 in 3 Nov and 19 Oct sowings, respectively. The cultivars the cv. JS 335 (V1) recorded more number of pods over cv. ASB 22 (V2) and cv. KDS 726 (V3) in 19 Oct (D2), 3 Nov (D3), 19 Nov (D4), 3 Dec (D5) and 3 Jan (D7) sowings. The cv. KDS 726 (V3) was found superior in terms of seeds pod -1 (3.0) which was comparable to cv. JS 335 (V1) and significantly more over cv. ASB 22 (V2) when it was sown on 19 Oct (D2). The cv. KDS 726 (V3) recorded significantly more test weight (g) over cv. JS 335 (V1) and cv. ASB 22 (V2) from 19 Oct (D2) to 3 Jan (D7) sowings. The cv. ASB 22 sown on 3 Oct produced significantly more seed yield (753 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1599 kg ha-1) over cv. JS 335 and cv. (KDS 726).  Conclusion: The soybean cv. ASB 22 with sowing first week of Oct was found to be suitable for cultivation during the off season