Growth and Yield of Sugarcane (Saccharam officinarum) as Influenced by Planting Materials and Plant Geometry

Field experiments were conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Melalathur, from 2010 to 2012, aiming to investigate the impact of plant geometry (5 x 2 ft single row, 5 x 1 ft double row) and various planting materials (single budded setts, double budded setts, and transplanting of sprouted seedlings). The results indicated that transplanting cane using chip bud seedlings exhibited significant establishment and vigor compared to direct planting of setts. In terms of planting geometry, the crop planted in a 5 x 1 ft double row configuration demonstrated a higher number of tillers and millable cane. However, when considering single cane weight, commercial cane sugar percentage, and benefit-cost ratio, the 5 x 2 ft planted crop outperformed, showcasing higher cane yield in comparison to other treatments

Reevaluating the Concern of Climate Change

Climate change is inevitably a defining characteristic of this century, which is inattentively attributed to anthropogenic factors far beyond its actualities. The paper challenges the prevailing narrative, proposing that global warming and climate shifts are inherent to Earth's history rather than primarily driven by human activities. It argues that climate change policies impose unwarranted economic strains on nations and impede technological advancement. Scientific assertions of human-induced climate change are scrutinized, with a focus on manipulated data and selective presentation to reinforce the narrative of impending global catastrophe. The exclusive emphasis on curbing greenhouse gas emissions is critiqued for fostering costly and ineffective measures, ultimately stalling economic growth and job creation. The study challenges the prevailing discourse on climate change and socio-economic challenges posed by climate migrations, advocating for a nuanced understanding that considers historical climatic shifts and questions the validity of current research methodologies, encouraging a more comprehensive examination of its multifaceted dynamics and potential societal impacts

Phenology and Climate Indices of Maize Hybrids under North Western Himalayan Region of Temperate Kashmir

In the Kharif season of 2021, a field experiment was conducted at the crop research farm of the Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the phenology of maize hybrids in relation to agrometeorological indices. The experimental design included two factors: Factor A, representing different irrigation regimes at various growth stages (I1 to I6), and Factor B, consisting of two maize hybrid varieties (Shalimar Hybrid-2 and Shalimar Hybrid-3). The irrigation treatments ranged from early vegetation stage to rainfed conditions. The experiment followed a split plot design with three replications. Results indicated that the treatment I5 (Irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 0.8) and Shalimar Hybrid-3 exhibited the highest values for key agrometeorological indices, including GDD, HTU, PTU, and HYTU. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing irrigation practices and selecting suitable maize hybrids for enhanced phenological performance

Studies on Sustainable Resource Management for Climate Smart IFS Model

Studies on sustainable resource management for climate smart 0.4 ha IFS model was taken under all India coordinated research project on integrated farming system, College of Agriculture Rewa during 2021 to 2022 and 2022 to 2023. The study reveals that 0.4 hectares size of IFS model gave 131 .24 q rice equivalent yield, gross return Rs.271531, Net profit Rs.130090 And B:C ratio 1.91. The net profit from 0.36 hectares cropping systems was Rs.36727 and REY 41.80 q. The dairy component with two cows gave net profit Rs.86933 and B:C ratio 1.92. Among different cropping systems okra – garlic gave B:C ratio 2.23 and net profit of Rs.8066 from 0.02 ha area. The employment generation was 36 labour man days in June to 51 labour man days in October. Total employment generation was 513 labour man days per year. Flow of year-round income was varied from Rs.2501/ month in June to Rs.29913 in April. Self-reliance status from IFS model was 89%, green fodder ,27.39% dry fodder and 41.87% concentrates for cattle. Vermicompost and               compost unit gave 36.1% of total nitrogen ,46.26 %of total phosphorous and 95 % need of total Potassium

Evaluating Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense L.) Based Intercropping System on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Status of Soil under Rainfed Condition

Aims: To determine the suitable component crop and its row pattern for enhancing growth and yield of little millet under intercropping system. Study Design:  Randomized complete Block Design (RBD). Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out during the rabi season from October 2023 – January 2024 at Instructional north farm in Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Methodology: This field experiment consists of 3 replications with eleven treatments viz., T1 – Little millet sole crop, T2 – Little millet + black gram (4:1), T3 – Little millet + black gram (6:1), T4 – Little millet + green gram (4:1), T5 – Little millet + green gram (6:1), T6 – Little millet + redgram (4:1), T7 – Little millet + redgram (6:1), T8 – Little millet + cowpea (4:1), T9 – Little millet + cowpea (6:1), T10 – Little millet + bengal gram (4:1), T11 – Little millet + bengal gram (6:1). Results: The results of the experiment showed that T2 little millet + black gram (4:1) recorded the higher growth parameters like plant height (127.6 and 133.6 cm at 60 DAS and at harvest stage) and LAI of 5.23 and 4.84 at 60 DAS and at harvest stage, respectively and also produced higher yield parameters like no.of tillers plant-1 (9) and no.of productive tillers (8) with higher grain and stover yield of 1326 and 4109 kg ha-1 and it is statistically parallel with T4 little millet + green gram (4:1). And also, nutrient uptake was highest (N – 40.8, P – 5.7 and K – 33.5 kg ha-1) in little millet + black gram (6:1). Regarding the post harvest soil fertility status, little millet + cowpea (4:1) registered the highest available NPK (339, 47.6 and 197 kg ha-1). Therefore, intercropping of black gram or green gram with little millet under rainfed condition would be the ideal recommendation

Effect of Varieties and Nutrient Treatments on Physiological and Phenological Parameters of Summer Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)

The present investigation was conducted during the summer season of 2020 at Regional Research Station (Bawal), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the response of greengran to different varieties and nutrients treatments. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four replications. The main plot consisted of varieties (MH-421, MH-318 and SML-668) and sub-plot consisted of nutrient treatments (Control, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 75% RDF + 25% FYM + Rhizobium + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), 50% RDF + 50% FYM + Rhizobium + PSB). The findings suggest that variety MH-318 gave significantly higher no. of branches, leaf area, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) as well as phenological traits such as days taken to 50% flowering (days) over SML-668 and MH-421. Among the nutrient treatments, application of 75% RDF + 25% FYM + Rhizobium + PSB demonstrated superior performance across physiological (no. of branches, leaf area, LAI and LAD) and phenological traits (50% flowering) over 100% RDF, 50% RDF + 50% FYM + Rhizobium + PSB and control. Thus, a combination of variety MH-318 with 75% RDF + 25% FYM + Rhizobium + PSB helps in enhancing the physiological and phenological parameters of greengram without negative influence on plant and the environment

Growth and Biomass Models for Three Fast-growing Tree Species under High-density Plantation

Three fast-growing trees, viz., Populus deltoides, Eucalyptus spp. and Casuarina equisetifolia were studied, in high-density plantation at Padilla, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh with following treatments viz., T1: Poplar (1×1m), T2: Eucalyptus (1×1m), T3: Casuarina (1×1m), T4: Poplar (1.2×1.2 m), T5: Eucalyptus (1.2×1.2 m), T6: Casuarina (1.2×1.2 m), T7: Poplar (1.5×1.5 m), T8: Eucalyptus (1.5×1.5 m) and T9: Casuarina (1.5×1.5 m). The experiment was established in year July 2021 and data was collected in June 2022. The result indicate the maximum height was recorded in T2: Eucalyptus (1×1 m) 3.81 m followed by T5: Eucalyptus (1.2×1.2 m) 3.78 m, T8: Eucalyptus (1.5×1.5 m) 3.40 m which was at par with each other and minimum in T9: Casuarina (1.5×1.5 m) 2.42 m whereas the maximum girth was found in T4: Poplar (1.2×1.2 m) 6.91 cm followed by T2: Eucalyptus (1×1 m) 6.61 cm, T5: Eucalyptus (1.2×1.2 m) 6.16 cm, T1: Poplar (1×1 m) 5.91 cm which was at par with each other and minimum in T9: Casuarina (1.5×1.5 m) 3.22 cm after one year. Various linear function was attempted to predict biomass based on GBH (G) and Height (H). Prediction accuracy of Height, girth model was slightly better than the height and girth model. Linear model (Y=a + bH + cG), where Y denotes dependent variable (biomass) and H and G denotes independent variable (Height or Girth), performed better (than the remaining tested models) in terms of estimation precision and prediction accuracy. The AGB was maximum was found in T2: Eucalyptus (1×1m) 0.676 kg tree-1 followed by T5: Eucalyptus (1.2×1.2 m) 0.598 kg tree-1 and minimum in T9: Casuarina (1.5×1.5 m) 0.214 kg tree-1. After completion of one year Eucalyptus (1×1 m) showed best growth among all treatments

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Productivity and Quality of Rice

The present field experiment was conducted at crop research farm Nawabganj of C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur, under the Central Plain zone of Uttar Pradesh, during Kharif season of 2018. The experiment comprised of 9 treatment combinations in randomized block design with three replications consisted of T1: Control, T2: 100 % RDF(120:60:60), T3: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM, T4: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as CWC, T5: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as PM, T6: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM + CWC, T7: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as CWC+ PM, T8: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM + PM, T9: 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM + PM + CWC. On the basis of the results emanated from present investigation, it could be concluded that application of 75 % RDF + 25 % N as FYM + PM + CWC applied in rice to significantly increases yield attributes, yield and protein content. Results showed that maximum among the different fertility levels, application of T7 [75 % RDF + 25 % N as CWC + PM] significantly enhanced productivity parameters i.e. grain yield and straw yield over the control

Ambient Air Quality Assessment through Air Quality Index and Air Quality Health Index for Eastern Coastal Region, Gandhidham, Gujarat, India

The impact of coastal developmental projects such as ports on regional air quality has been a matter of concern, as they are known to induce rapid industrialization and urbanization as collateral development on a long-term basis. Gandhidham-Kachchh, Gujarat, India is hub for industrialization, thus various developmental activities and port activities may release toxic gases into the environment. Thus, an attempt was made to assess the present ambient air quality in and around eastern coastal region of Gandhidham, Gujarat using Air Quality Index (AQI) and Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). The primary focus was on respirable particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) along with other gaseous pollutants. In total 134 samples were collected from 11 stations during January to December 2018. Sampling was carried out 24 hourly on a monthly basis. Respirable particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide ranged from 29-401 µg/m3, 13-184 µg/m3, 5.9-92.6 µg/m3and 3.7-33 µg/m3, respectively. The annual mean concentrations varied from 118-227 µg/m3, 47-82 µg/m3, 10-51 µg/m3, 11-41 µg/m3 for PM10, PM2.5, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, respectively. In most of the sampling locations both the particulate matter fractions exceeded the permissible limit as prescribed in National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). The AQI ranged from 28 to 106, which falls under Good and Satisfactory category of pollution as per the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) standards except at A-11 which falls under Moderate category. The AQHI was in the range of 5.9 to 15.8, which was alarming indicating Moderate to Very Higher Risk to the people. The present findings throw light on the prevailing scenario in the ambient air quality of the studied region, thereby suggesting for strict implementation and thorough control measures for reduction of particulate matters in the air

Groundwater Marketing Dynamics in Northern Dry Zone Farms of Karnataka: A Comparative Study (2006 to 2021)

Groundwater is an essential resource, but it is becoming increasingly scarce and depleting rapidly, particularly in Karnataka. As a result, groundwater markets have emerged as an alternative strategy to manage this limited resource more efficiently and equitably. These markets enable farmers who cannot afford water extraction machinery to access irrigation. This article, aims to study present status of groundwater markets, temporal depletion of water table, groundwater security, economics and factors affecting water trade in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka, mainly to compare with the results obtained in the past study [1] to analyze changes in scenario and have historical lessons. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select farmers, who were then categorized into water sellers, self-users, and buyers. Primary data was collected through a structured, pre-tested schedule and analysed using descriptive and logit regression analysis. Results show that unlike earlier study, buyers in present study owned wells. Depth of borewells has increased (overall 44%), resulting in increased drilling, deepening, and pumping costs. Very few farmers (8%) acknowledged over-extraction from their farms could also contribute to groundwater insecurity. While studying economics it was found that perennial crops had the highest economic rents (260, 610Rs/hr for sellers and buyers).Reason for participation in water market has shifted from no investment capacity to water scarcity compared to earlier study. So farmers could be motivated to participate in water markets instead of relying on new wells during water shortages to encourage optimal water use and reduce negative externalities like increasing wells