CARRADA Dataset: Camera and Automotive Radar with Range-Angle-Doppler Annotations

High quality perception is essential for autonomous driving (AD) systems. To reach the accuracy and robustness that are required by such systems, several types of sensors must be combined. Currently, mostly cameras and laser scanners (lidar) are deployed to build a representation of the world around the vehicle. While radar sensors have been used for a long time in the automotive industry, they are still under-used for AD despite their appealing characteristics (notably, their ability to measure the relative speed of obstacles and to operate even in adverse weather conditions). To a large extent, this situation is due to the relative lack of automotive datasets with real radar signals that are both raw and annotated. In this work, we introduce CARRADA, a dataset of synchronized camera and radar recordings with range-angle-Doppler annotations. We also present a semi-automatic annotation approach, which was used to annotate the dataset, and a radar semantic segmentation baseline, which we evaluate on several metrics. Both our code and dataset are available online.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figues. Accepted at ICPR 2020. Erratum: results in Table III have been updated since the ICPR proceedings, models are selected using the PP metric instead of the previously used PR metri

Power Balance in the ITER Plasma and Divertor

It is planned to use atomic processes to spread out most of the heating power over the first wall and side walls to reduce the heat loads on the plasma facing components in ITER to ~ 50 MW. Calculations indicate that there will be 100 MW in bremstrahlung radiation from the plasma center, 50 MW of radiation from the plasma edge inside the separatrix and 100 MW of radiation from the scrape-off layer and divertor plasma, leaving 50 MW of power to be deposited on the divertor plates. The radiation losses are enhanced by the injection of impurities such as Neon or Argon at acceptably low levels (~0.1 % Argon, etc.)Comment: Preprint for the Plasma Edge Theory Conference, Monterey, Dec.4-6, 1995, 5 pages, gzipped postscrip

Orientation of Nd3+^{3+} dipoles in yttrium aluminum garnet: A simple yet accurate model

We report an experimental study of the 1064nm transition dipoles in neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) by measuring the coupling constant between two orthogonal modes of a laser cavity for different cuts of the YAG gain crystal. We propose a theoretical model in which the transition dipoles, slightly elliptic, are oriented along the crystallographic axes. Our experimental measurements show a very good quantitative agreement with this model, and predict a dipole ellipticity between 2% and 3%. This work provides an experimental evidence for the simple description in which transition dipoles and crystallographic axes are collinear in Nd-YAG (with an accuracy better than 1 deg), a point that has been discussed for years.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Analytic Criteria for Power Exhaust in Divertors due to Impurity Radiation

Present divertor concepts for next step experiments such ITER and TPX rely upon impurity and hydrogen radiation to transfer the energy from the edge plasma to the main chamber and divertor chamber walls. The efficiency of these processes depends strongly on the heat flux, the impurity species, and the connection length. Using a database for impurity radiation rates constructed from the ADPAK code package, we have developed criteria for the required impurity fraction, impurity species, connection length and electron temperature and density at the mid-plane. Consistent with previous work, we find that the impurity radiation from coronal equilibrium rates is, in general, not adequate to exhaust the highest expected heating powers in present and future experiments. As suggested by others, we examine the effects of enhancing the radiation rates with charge exchange recombination and impurity recycling, and develop criteria for the minimum neutral fraction and impurity recycling rate that is required to exhaust a specified power. We also use this criteria to find the optimum impurity for divertor power exhaust.Comment: Preprint for the 11th PSI meeting, Adobe pdf with 14 figures, 15 page

Radiation Rates for Low Z Impurities in Edge Plasmas

The role of impurity radiation in the reduction of heat loads on divertor plates in present experiments such as DIII-D, JET, JT-60, ASDEX, and Alcator C-Mod, and in planned experiments such as ITER and TPX places a new degree of importance on the accuracy of impurity radiation emission rates for electron temperatures below 250 eV for ITER and below 150 eV for present experiments. We have calculated the radiated power loss using a collisional radiative model for Be, B, C, Ne and Ar using a multiple configuration interaction model which includes density dependent effects, as well as a very detailed treatment of the energy levels and meta-stable levels. The "collisional radiative" effects are very important for Be at temperatures below 10 eV. The same effects are present for higher Z impurities, but not as strongly. For some of the lower Z elements, the new rates are about a factor of two lower than those from a widely used, simpler average-ion package (ADPAK) developed for high Z ions and for higher temperatures. Following the approach of Lengyel for the case where electron heat conduction is the dominant mechanism for heat transport along field lines, our analysis indicates that significant enhancements of the radiation losses above collisional radiative model rates due to such effects as rapid recycling and charge exchange recombination will be necessary for impurity radiation to reduce the peak heat loads on divertor plates for high heat flux experiments such as ITER.Comment: Preprint for the 11th PSI meeting, gzipped postscript with 11 figures, 14 page

A Review of Recent Developments in Atomic Processes for Divertors and Edge Plasmas

The most promising concepts for power and particle control in tokamaks and other fusion experiments rely upon atomic processes to transfer the power and momentum from the edge plasma to the plasma chamber walls. This places a new emphasis on processes at low temperatures (1-200 eV) and high densities (10^20-10^22 m^-3). The most important atomic processes are impurity and hydrogen radiation, ionization, excitation, recombination, charge exchange, radiation transport, molecular collisions, and elastic scattering of atoms, molecules and ions. Important new developments have occurred in each of these areas. The best available data for these processes and an assessment of their role in plasma wall interactions are summarized, and the major areas where improved data are needed are reviewed.Comment: Preprint for the 11th PSI meeting, postscript with 22 figures, 40 page

Content Analysis on Grammar, Vocabulary and Its Context for Vocational School Textbook: Teachers’ Voices

This study analyzes the tenth-grade Vocational High School English textbook, Forward an English Course for Vocational Students, from the teacher’s perspective. This is a valuable research project since its findings reveal whether the textbook can be used as a good guide for teachers to be utilized or not. The content analyzed is grammar, vocabulary, and the content related to the English used at the workplace. A survey questionnaire was used in this study to elicit the perspectives of English language teachers who are using this textbook in their classrooms along with the personal evaluation by the researcher. The findings show that the main grammatical item and vocabulary load are appropriately and sufficiently chosen for the students’ level and gradually increase in complexity to suit the growing ability of the students. The grammatical items are introduced explicitly in meaningful contexts with clear examples and explanations. The exercise of grammar helps the students to see the connection between forms and functions. The exercise of vocabulary helps the students understand their meaning and use them correctly in context.  Overall, this book can be utilized properly as the teaching material for the non-native teachers to teach English in Vocational School Grade X

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM SOSIALISASI K3 UNTUK PEKERJA KONSTRUKSI: STUDI KASUS PROYEK RUMAH KOS MEKARSARI

Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) merupakan aspek fundamental dalam industri konstruksi, mengingat tingginya risiko kecelakaan kerja yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas proyek. Pengabdian masyarakat ini berfokus pada pelaksanaan program sosialisasi penerapan K3 di proyek pembangunan rumah kos Mekarsari. Topik ini dipilih mengingat masih rendahnya kesadaran pekerja terhadap pentingnya penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) serta tingginya angka kecelakaan di sektor konstruksi. Metode kegiatan ini meliputi tiga tahapan utama, yaitu survei awal, pelaksanaan sosialisasi, dan evaluasi implementasi. Tahapan survei dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan dan wawancara singkat dengan pekerja untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku risiko serta tingkat pemahaman terkait K3. Tahapan sosialisasi dilaksanakan melalui diskusi interaktif, dan simulasi penggunaan APD, sementara evaluasi dilakukan dengan observasi pasca-sosialisasi, pre-test, dan post-test untuk mengukur perubahan pemahaman dan perilaku pekerja. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kesadaran dan pemahaman pekerja terhadap K3. Sebelum sosialisasi, hanya 45% pekerja yang menggunakan APD seperti helm dan sarung tangan. Setelah sosialisasi, tingkat penggunaan APD meningkat secara signifikan, di mana 90% pekerja mulai menggunakan helm dan 85% menggunakan sepatu keselamatan. Nilai pre-test peserta mencatat skor 55%, yang meningkat menjadi 85% pada post-test. Hasil kegiatan ini menegaskan pentingnya sosialisasi dan edukasi dalam meningkatkan kesadaran pekerja terhadap keselamatan kerja. Dengan pengawasan yang lebih ketat serta dukungan manajemen proyek, budaya keselamatan kerja dapat terus dipertahankan dan diterapkan secara konsisten, menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang lebih aman, produktif, dan berkelanjuta