A Study of the Curriculum and Personal of Physical Education for Boys in Secondary Schools with 200 to 299 Students for the Year 01/01/1958-01/01/1959

The purpose of this study is to find facts and figures concerning secondary curriculum and personnel in the schools in Kansas. This study did not cover every part of physical education, but it is rather to find pertinent information on the following: first, physical education of the required program; second, the intramural program; third, the interscholastic program; fourth, financing of physical education; and fifth, the duties, experience and training of the instructors in physical education

Walks and games on graphs

Herrman, Rebekah Ph.D. The University of Memphis, May 2020. Walks and Games on Graphs. Major Professor: B\\u27ela Bollob\\u27as, Ph.D.Chapter 1 is joint work with Dr. Travis Humble and appears in the journal Physical Review A. In this work, we consider continuous-time quantum walks on dynamic graphs. Continuous-time quantum walks have been well studied on graphs that do not change as a function of time. We offer a mathematical formulation for how to express continuous-time quantum walks on graphs that can change in time, find a universal set of walks that can perform any operation, and use them to simulate basic quantum circuits. This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy Student Undergraduate Laboratory Internship and the National Science Foundation Mathematical Sciences Graduate Internship programs.The $(t,r)$ broadcast domination number of a graph $G$, $\gamma_{t,r}(G)$, is a generalization of the domination number of a graph. In Chapter 2, we consider the $(t,r)$ broadcast domination number on graphs, specifically powers of cycles, powers of paths, and infinite grids. This work is joint with Peter van Hintum and has been submitted to the journal Discrete Applied Mathematics.Bridge-burning cops and robbers is a variant of the cops and robbers game on graphs in which the robber removes an edge from the graph once it is traversed. In Chapter 3, we study the maximum time it takes the cops to capture the robber in this variant. This is joint with Peter van Hintum and Dr. Stephen Smith.In Chapter 4, we study a variant of the chip-firing game called the \emph{diffusion game}. In the diffusion game, we begin with some integer labelling of the vertices of a graph, interpreted as a number of chips on each vertex, and for each subsequent step every vertex simultaneously fires a chip to each neighbour with fewer chips. In general, this could result in negative vertex labels. Long and Narayanan asked whether there exists an $f(n)$ for each $n$, such that whenever we have a graph on $n$ vertices and an initial allocation with at least $f(n)$ chips on each vertex, then the number of chips on each vertex will remain non-negative. We answer their question in the affirmative, showing further that $f(n)=n-2$ is the best possible bound. We also consider the existence of a similar bound $g(d)$ for each $d$, where $d$ is the maximum degree of the graph. This work is joint with Andrew Carlotti and has been submitted to the journal Discrete Mathematics.In Chapter 5, we consider the eternal game chromatic number of random graphs. The eternal graph colouring problem, recently introduced by Klostermeyer and Mendoza \cite{klostermeyer}, is a version of the graph colouring game, where two players take turns properly colouring a graph. In this chapter, we show that with high probability $\chi_{g}^{\infty}(G_{n,p}) = (\frac{p}{2} + o(1))n$ for odd $n$, and also for even $n$ when $p=\frac{1}{k}$ for some $k \in \N$. This work is joint with Vojt\u{e}ch Dvo\u{r}\\u27ak and Peter van Hintum, and has been submitted to the European Journal of Combinatorics

Encouraging Healthy Body-Image: Are Parents Sending Effective Messages to Children?

This investigation tested and applied Bogenschneider (1996) Ecological Risk and Protective Theory to the process of body-image development. In order to understand what is considered risk and protective behaviors, qualitative directed content analysis was used to analyze the health experts\u27 opinion. Twenty-three online brochures were analyzed, resulting in two protective themes (parents as educators and parents providing an appropriate environment) and two risk themes (negative role model behaviors and negative complimenting behaviors). From the themes, items were created and quantitative data was collected using paper/pencil surveys. Data collection resulted in 126 parent and 126 child responses. Results provide support for the Ecological Risk and Protective Theory. First, data show many ecological variables influence body-image development on cognitive, affective, and behavioral levels, including parental complimenting behavior, media and parental influence. Second, results support Bogenschneider\u27s (1996) argument that risk and protective processes are not dichotomous; rather work together in health development. Specifically, findings show even though mothers implement protective behaviors, the risk behaviors employed by parents and the media counteract the preventive measures. Important practical implications emerge from the data as well. Data demonstrated children are not resilient enough to overcome risky media messages and images, as media was found to impact body-image negatively on cognitive, affective, and behavioral levels. Thus, it is recommended parents need to spend greater time educating children about media literacy. In addition, results revealed mothers and fathers relayed gender-relevant messages to same-sex children. In terms of risk behaviors, mothers and fathers perpetuated societal stereotypical body norms to sons and daughters. Theoretical and practical implications and avenues for future research are presented

Exploring Deeper Wisdoms of Mediation: Notes from the Edge

Excerpt Mediation draws many people into the field of conflict resolution with a promise of rewards like an income stream added to an existing professional practice or agreements pulled from the fires of bitterness and frustration. But for Jim Laue there was more. As a consummate mediator, Jim was equally comfortable mediating technically complex regional disputes, potentially explosive community disputes, and emotionally charged interpersonal disputes. His career began years before a well defined field existed. He came to this work as did others of his and the next generation, determined to address issues of social justice. His mediations during the civil rights era explicitly leveled playing fields and reshaped political tables in every community he touched. Later work with President Carter, in Texas, Indiana, and the Washington, D.C. area continued intervention models established decades earlier

Improvement of Extractability and Aqueous Stability of Sorghum 3-Deoxyanthocyanins

Consumer interest in natural ingredients has increased demand for natural food colorants. 3-Deoxyanthocyanin pigments from sorghum are more stable to food processing conditions than anthocyanin analogs. However, 3-deoxyanthocyanins self-associate in aqueous solution and are difficult to extract from sorghum tissue, limiting their application as natural food colorants. The goal of this research is to improve extractability and aqueous stability of sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanins. Effect of gum arabic, sodium alginate (0.5g/L and 1.0g/L), and metal ions Fe3+ or Mg2+ (0.2mM) on aqueous stability of 3-deoxyanthocyanins was investigated at pH 3 and pH 5. Pigments were obtained from red sorghum leaf (predominantly luteolinidin derivatives) and sorghum leaf sheath (predominantly apigeninidin derivatives) via standard extraction procedure (1% HCl in methanol/2 h/20°C). Additionally, a black sorghum grain (luteolinidin/apigeninidin derivative mixture) was used to evaluate the effect of microwave irradiation on extractability of the 3-deoxyanthocyanins from black sorghum grain; this was investigated utilizing different power (300-1200 W) and time (0.25-40 min) settings. Blue maize and black cowpea, containing acylated and non-acylated anthocyanins pigments, respectively, were used to for comparison. Pigment yield and profile were determined using UV-Vis and UPLC-MS, respectively. Both gums effectively stabilized 3-deoxyanthocyanins. Gum arabic stabilized apigeninidin dominant (64-96% color retention) and luteolinidin/apigeninidin extracts (59-92% color retention) but not luteolinidin dominant extracts (0-11% color retention). This was likely caused by enhanced hydrophobic interaction with apigeninidin. The stabilizing effect of alginate was more effective at pH 5 (74% mean color retention) than pH 3 (64 mean % color retention). Thus alginate effect was likely due to ionic and hydrogen bonds. Metal ions exhibited generally negligible effect. However, luteolinidin in alginate and Fe3+ yielded a deep black color, possibly an Fe3+ mediated luteolinidin-alginate complex. Microwave-assisted extraction increased yield of 3-deoxyanthocyanins almost three-fold (2.44 mg/g) relative to control (0.88 mg/g). The 3-deoxyanthocyanin profile exhibited generally insignificant change; however, long exposure (30–40 min) at 600-1200 W produced cyanidin in extracts, possibly due to structural transformation caused by microwave irradiation. Anthocyanin profiles of maize and cowpea exhibited extensive hydrolysis of acyl esters and glycosides. Microwave-assisted extraction increased extractability of sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanins, improving their potential application as natural food colorants