Further EU integration will help to stabilise the disruptive forces of nationalism now present in Macedonia

Negotiations towards Macedonia’s accession to the EU have been prolonged and often postponed in recent years, mostly due to an on-going dispute with Greece over the country’s name. Goran Janev argues that these delays, combined with an ‘ethnocratic’ government, have allowed nationalist sentiments to develop and grow in Macedonia. If these nationalist trends are to be reversed it is vital that progress is made towards further European integration

The Influence of Chemi-ionization and Recombination Processes on Spectral Line Shapes in Stellar Atmospheres

In this work, the chemi-ionization processes in atom- Rydberg atom collisions, as well as the corresponding chemi-recombination processes are considered as factors of influence on the atom exited-state populations in weakly ionized layers of stellar atmospheres. The presented results are related to the photospheres of the Sun and some M red dwarfs as well as weakly ionized layers of DB white dwarfs atmospheres. It has been found that the mentioned chemi ionization/recombination processes dominate over the relevant concurrent electron-atom and electron-ion ionization and recombination process in all parts of considered stellar atmospheres. The obtained results demonstrate the fact that the considered chemi ionization/recombination processes must have a very significant influence on the optical properties of the stellar atmospheres. Thus, it is shown that these processes and their importance for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) modeling of the solar atmospheres should be investigated further.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1105.213

Assessment of hydrocarbon electron-impact ionization cross section measurements for magnetic fusion

Partial ionization cross section experiments have been carried out recently at the University of Innsbruck for three types of hydrocarbons, i.e. acetylene, ethylene and propene. Cross section data fits are generated and compared to the compilation of earlier experimental data summarized in the online database HYDKIN [www.hydkin.de]. New data fits are brought into a suitable form to be incorporated into the database. In order to illuminate underlying dissociation mechanisms the energy dependence of branching ratios above energies of 20 - 30eV is reviewed in light of the present results. This is a pre-peer reviewed version which has been submitted to Contributions to Plasma Physics.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables, to be published in "Contributions to Plasma Physics

Following disputed elections, Macedonia requires clear guidance from the EU if it is to alleviate its growing political crisis

In the aftermath of elections in April, several political parties in Macedonia, including the main opposition party, the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (SDSM), have refused to take up their parliamentary seats amid accusations of electoral fraud. Goran Janev writes that while the record of the ruling VMRO-DPMNE party in government has raised legitimate democratic questions, the strategy being pursued by the opposition is unlikely to be successful. He argues that what the country really needs is clearer guidance from external actors, most notably those within the EU

Relationalist View on the Dissolution of Former Yugoslavia and Emergent New States

Times After a logic-based foundation of Dialectic Relationism, as a holistic doctrine and a comprehensive systemic-dialectic methodology, in which the relations between the elements (units) constituting a system play the dominant role in its behavior, and even determine the very existence of the elements (units), we demonstrate its applicability to the political arena of international interactions of states and, in particular, to the dissolution of complex state entities and the emergence of new states. Then, we examine in more detail the processes leading to the dissolution of Former Yugoslavia and the emergence of new states following its break up. We elucidate the role of both internal and external factors in the dissolussion process and the role of international relations and environment in the political recognition of the new states. This Relationism concept provides a general framework for description and understanding of socio-political processes and regimes in individual states and international system as a whole

Recommendation for Reforms of the Co-ordination in the UN System

Within the conceptual framework of the "financial co-ordination", in the present article, we analyzes approach to the problem of program(s) and budget co-ordination within the UN system, we have proposed a new model for co-ordination which has the potential of elimination of negative effects of the present mechanism of co-ordination in the UN system. This model is based on the idea of introducing a budgetary control mechanism into the UN inter-agency system by providing the UN General Assembly with a legal power to approve the regular (administrative) budgets of UN-related agencies (by amending paragraph 3, article 17 of the UN Charter). This amendment induces greater de jure and de facto binding power in all decisions relating to the program(s) and budget co-ordination within the UN system

Contesting ethnocratic spatial order: narrative spaces in Skopje

This paper employs the concept of narrative spaces to identify the dynamic processes of social production and social construction of space in the city of Skopje, the capital of Macedonia. While power-holders at local and central level persistently seek to divide the territory through symbolic buildings and monuments and other visual displays, many of the citizens of Skopje have found their own ways to protest such divisions. The inspiration for such resistance arises both from the global connections and urban aspirations of a younger generation and from the positive example of conviviality as embodied in the traditions of Skopje’s Old Bazaar. In this paper I hope to show how comprehensive engagement with locality and spatiality has great potential to help understand interethnic relations. (author's abstract

Uncertain Future and Prospects of the Prespa Agreement between Macedonia and Greece

In the present article we discuss the future and prospects of the Prespa Agreement, concluded on June 17, 2018, between Macedonia and Greece aiming at resolving their “difference” over the name of Macedonia. The analysis is carried out by examining the legal aspects of United Nations Security Council Resolution 817 (1993) recommending the admission of Macedonia to UN membership but imposing on the applicant a provisional name (pending the settlement of difference over the applicant’s name), in particular its legal consistence with the provisions of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) and with the general jus cogens norms of International Law enshrined in the UN Charter. It is concluded that the UN SC Res.817 (1993) is by itself an ultra vires act and cannot serve as a legal basis for the Prespa Agreement (ex injuria jus not oritur), that the Prespa Agreement violates the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the peremptory norms of International Law, particularly the principle of self-determination and enters into legal matters that belong stricto sensu to the domain of domestic jurisdiction of Macedonia. For these reasons the Prespa Agreement cannot be considered a legally valid treaty and, consequently, and Agreement can be subject of unilateral termination under provisions of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)