Frequency-Dependent Ultrasonic Stimulation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels in Water

As a novel stimulus, we use high-frequency ultrasonic waves to provide the required energy for breaking hydrogen bonds between Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and water molecules while the solution temperature is maintained below the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT = 32 °C). Ultrasonic waves propagate through the solution and their energy will be absorbed due to the liquid viscosity. The absorbed energy partially leads to the generation of a streaming flow and the rest will be spent to break the hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the microgels collapse and become insoluble in water and agglomerate, resulting in solution turbidity. We use turbidity to quantify the ultrasound energy absorption and show that the acousto-response of PNIPAM microgels is a temporal phenomenon that depends on the duration of the actuation. Increasing the solution concentration leads to a faster turbidity evolution. Furthermore, an increase in ultrasound frequency leads to an increase in the breakage of more hydrogen bonds within a certain time and thus faster turbidity evolution. This is due to the increase in ultrasound energy absorption by liquids at higher frequencies

Frequency-Dependent Ultrasonic Stimulation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels in Water

As a novel stimulus, we use high-frequency ultrasonic waves to provide the required energy for breaking hydrogen bonds between Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and water molecules while the solution temperature is maintained below the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT = 32 °C). Ultrasonic waves propagate through the solution and their energy will be absorbed due to the liquid viscosity. The absorbed energy partially leads to the generation of a streaming flow and the rest will be spent to break the hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the microgels collapse and become insoluble in water and agglomerate, resulting in solution turbidity. We use turbidity to quantify the ultrasound energy absorption and show that the acousto-response of PNIPAM microgels is a temporal phenomenon that depends on the duration of the actuation. Increasing the solution concentration leads to a faster turbidity evolution. Furthermore, an increase in ultrasound frequency leads to an increase in the breakage of more hydrogen bonds within a certain time and thus faster turbidity evolution. This is due to the increase in ultrasound energy absorption by liquids at higher frequencies

Frequency-dependent Ultrasonic Stimulation of PNIPAM Microgels in Water

As a novel stimulus, we used high-frequency ultrasonic waves to provide the required energy for breaking hydrogen bonds between Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and water molecules while the solution temperature maintains below the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT=$$32^\circ C$$). Ultrasonic waves propagate through the solution and their energy will be absorbed due to the liquid viscosity. The absorbed energy partially leads to the generation of a streaming flow and the rest will be spent to break the hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the microgels collapse and become insoluble in the water and agglomerate, resulting in turbidity. We used turbidity to quantify the ultrasound energy absorption and showed that the acousto-response of PNIPAM microgels is a temporal phenomenon that depends on the duration of the actuation. Increasing the solution concentration leads to a faster hydrogen bond breakage and turbidity evolution. Furthermore, the frequency of imposed waves is important and affects the stimulation kinetics of PNIPAM microgels. Increasing the frequency of actuation increases the speed of hydrogen bond breakage and thus turbidity evolution. This is due to the increase in ultrasound energy absorption by liquids at higher frequencies

The Importance of Initial Evaluation by Trans Vaginal Sonography in Rudimentary Horn Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Rudimentary&nbsp; horn&nbsp; pregnancy&nbsp; (RHP)&nbsp; as&nbsp; a&nbsp; rare&nbsp; incidence&nbsp; has&nbsp; been&nbsp; estimated&nbsp; at&nbsp; 1:76,000- 1:150,000 pregnancies. It has been also reported that 80-90% of RHP lead to uterine rupture in second trimester.&nbsp; Early&nbsp; diagnosis&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; use&nbsp; of&nbsp; 3-dimentional&nbsp; ultrasonography&nbsp; (3-DUS)&nbsp; that&nbsp; is&nbsp; followed by&nbsp; laparoscopic&nbsp; resection&nbsp; of&nbsp; RH&nbsp; and&nbsp; ipsilateral&nbsp; fallopian&nbsp; tube&nbsp; is&nbsp; likely&nbsp; to&nbsp; be&nbsp; considered&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; best management strategy that prevents maternal morbidity and mortality. We present a case of 9-week pregnancy&nbsp; in&nbsp; a&nbsp; non-communicating&nbsp; rudimentary&nbsp; horn&nbsp; with&nbsp; positive&nbsp; fetal&nbsp; heart&nbsp; rate&nbsp; (FHR)&nbsp; that&nbsp; was diagnosed by 3-DUS and successfully treated with laparoscopic resection.</p

Migration and human displacement: Global dialogue on the contribution of occupational science

Global issues, including the current pandemic and ongoing climate change, shape voluntary and forced international migration flows in inequitable ways. Anti-immigrant discourses in the Global North seek to capitalize on public concerns about border control. Meanwhile, the greatest immigration challenges are borne by countries in the Global South. The majority of refugees who are forcibly displaced by war, political violence, poverty, and environmental disasters seek refuge in neighbouring regions where many states lack the capacity to adequately support them. Given these challenges, it is imperative for occupational scientists to work collaboratively to support equitable occupational possibilities for immigrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons. During this dialogic session we will 1) outline useful theoretical approaches for understanding how migration shapes engagement in occupations; 2) discuss specific ethical considerations and methods for studying migration and its occupational implications; and 3) share promising practices for working with people from migration backgrounds. Each topic will be introduced through a brief presentation from one of the co-authors sharing vignettes from their own research and professional experiences to ignite discussions. Following each of the three presentations, participants will be grouped strategically to build networks among those with similar interests. This may include grouping participants who share a language. >What are the gaps in occupation-based research on global migration, and how can these be collaboratively addressed? >How can occupational science contribute to discussions within migration studies? >What occupational concepts are most useful for studying different migrant populations