A Lei n. 11.313/2006 – Alterações na Lei de Juizados Criminais

As Leis 9.099/95 e 10.259/01 foram alteradas pela recente Lei 11.313/2006. Assim, no que se refere à competência em caso de conexão e continência e ao conceito de infração de menor potencial, começa a surgir, respectivamente, manifestações pela inconstitucionalidade e o fim de quaisquer dúvidas acaso existentes quanto àquela definição

Passive stiffness of rat skeletal muscle undernourished during fetal development

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of fetal undernutrition on the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle of weaned and young adult rats. INTRODUCTION: A poor nutrition supply during fetal development affects physiological functions of the fetus. From a mechanical point of view, skeletal muscle can be also characterized by its resistance to passive stretch. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mother's diet during pregnancy: a control group (mothers fed a 17% protein diet) and an isocaloric low-protein group (mothers fed a 7.8% protein diet). At birth, all mothers received a standardized meal ad libitum. At the age of 25 and 90 days, the soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were removed in order to test the passive mechanical properties. A first mechanical test consisted of an incremental stepwise extension test using fast velocity stretching (500 mm/s) enabling us to measure, for each extension stepwise, the dynamic stress (σd) and the steady stress (σs). A second test consisted of a slow velocity stretch in order to calculate normalized stiffness and tangent modulus from the stress-strain relationship. RESULTS: The results for the mechanical properties showed an important increase in passive stiffness in both the soleus and EDL muscles in weaned rat. In contrast, no modification was observed in young adult rats. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in passive stiffness in skeletal muscle of weaned rat submitted to intrauterine undernutrition it is most likely due to changes in muscle passive stiffness

Entanglement spectra of the q-deformed Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model and matrix product states

We exactly calculate the reduced density matrix of matrix product states (MPS). Our compact result enables one to perform analytic studies of entanglement in MPS. In particular, we consider the MPS ground states of two anisotropic spin chains. One is a q-deformed Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) model and the other is a general spin-1 quantum antiferromagnet with nearest-neighbor interactions. Our analysis shows how anisotropy affects entanglement on different continuous parameter manifolds. We also construct an effective boundary spin model that describes a block of spins in the ground state of the q-deformed AKLT Hamiltonian. The temperature of this effective model is given in terms of the deformation parameter q.Comment: 5 pages, 4 PDF figures; v2: 6 pages, 4 PDF figures. Introduction and conclusions expande

Evaluacion del sistema costeo basado en actividades en una planta de remanufacturas

133 p.En la presente tesis se evalúa la metodología de costeo denominada Activity Based Costing (ABC) como herramienta útil para apoyar la toma de decisiones a nivel operacional y estratégico. Para el logro de los objetivos propuestos se procedió a evaluar la aplicabilidad de la metodología en una empresa que fabrica molduras de madera, donde se realizo además un diagnostico del sistema de costeo que operaba normalmente en la empresa. Este trabajo constituye una respuesta a la necesidad de la empresa de contar con una herramienta que permite obtener el costo de productos individuales para fijación de precios, planificación de la producción y la determinación de la mezcla de productos para su comercialización, ya que el costo promedio no seria el indicado para la fijación de precios en productos que no son de características homogéneas. En la metodología utilizada se adoptan a las actividades propias del proceso productivo como ente causante y acumulador de los recursos necesarios para la fabricación de los productos. Se expone, además, por medio de la metodología, el flujo del proceso, junto con los requerimientos de tiempo y recursos necesarios para la obtención de los diversos productos, antecedente muy útil para la planificación de la producción, ya que permite determinar que flujo seria el más conveniente de acuerdo a las prioridades de Ia empresa. En el análisis de las cifras de costos basado en el método de costeo ABC permite identificar claramente los costos que no agregan valor al producto como son las actividades de Programar y Ajustar y Detener, sin embargo, siendo estas tareas necesarias para producción, la nacionalización de las mismas provocaría una reducción importante de los costos. Finalmente es importante destacar que es relevante para la empresa en estudio, dada la férrea competencia a la que se ve enfrentada, contar con un sistema de información que suministre antecedentes de costos para poder tomar decisiones estratégicas y operacionales más acordes con su realidad empresarial. La investigación nos permite recomendar la implantación del método de costeo ABC ya que permite obtener costos más exactos que el método de costeo tradicional

Quantum phase transition in a multicomponent anyonic Lieb-Liniger model

We study a one-dimensional multicomponent anyon model that reduces to a multicomponent Lieb-Liniger gas of impenetrable bosons (Tonks-Girardeau gas) for vanishing statistics parameter. At fixed component densities, the coordinate Bethe ansatz gives a family of quantum phase transitions at special values of the statistics parameter. We show that the ground state energy changes extensively between different phases. Special regimes are studied and a general classification for the transition points is given. An interpretation in terms of statistics of composite particles is proposed.Comment: 6 pages, 2 PDF figures. Corrections, clarifications, references adde

An animal-to-human scaling law for blast-induced traumatic brain injury risk assessment

Despite recent efforts to understand blast effects on the human brain, there are still no widely accepted injury criteria for humans. Recent animal studies have resulted in important advances in the understanding of brain injury due to intense dynamic loads. However, the applicability of animal brain injury results to humans remains uncertain. Here, we use advanced computational models to derive a scaling law relating blast wave intensity to the mechanical response of brain tissue across species. Detailed simulations of blast effects on the brain are conducted for different mammals using image-based biofidelic models. The intensity of the stress waves computed for different external blast conditions is compared across species. It is found that mass scaling, which successfully estimates blast tolerance of the thorax, fails to capture the brain mechanical response to blast across mammals. Instead, we show that an appropriate scaling variable must account for the mass of protective tissues relative to the brain, as well as their acoustic impedance. Peak stresses transmitted to the brain tissue by the blast are then shown to be a power function of the scaling parameter for a range of blast conditions relevant to TBI. In particular, it is found that human brain vulnerability to blast is higher than for any other mammalian species, which is in distinct contrast to previously proposed scaling laws based on body or brain mass. An application of the scaling law to recent experiments on rabbits furnishes the first physics-based injury estimate for blast-induced TBI in humans.United States. Army Research Office. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (Contract DAAD-19-02-D-0002

Implicación de NF-κB y p53 en la expresión de receptores de muerte-TRAIL y apoptosis por procianidinas en células metastásicas humanas SW620

Introduction. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) has been shown to upregulate pro-apoptotic mediators such as TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 receptors and the p53 transcription factor depending on the type of stimulus and the cell type involved. Previously, apple procyanidins (Pcy) have been shown to upregulate the expression of TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 and thereby overcoming the resistance of human colon cancer-derived metastatic SW620 cells to TRAIL.Objectives. NF-κB and p53 were investigated for their involvement in the Pcy-triggered apoptosis of human derived-metastatic colon cancer (SW620) cells.Materials and methods. Cell death, p53, TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry. DR4/DR5 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR in real time. Activated p50/p65 and p53 forms were studied by ELISA and immunoblotting.Results. Pcy-triggered cell death was prevented by specific inhibitors of NF-κB and of p53: amino-4-(4-phenoxy-phenylethylamino) quinazoline (QNZ) and pifithrin α (Pα), respectively. QNZ and Pα inhibited the Pcy-dependent activation of TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 death receptors. However, the upregulation of TRAIL-DR4 by Pcy was significantly decreased only when NF-κB and p53 inhibitors were used in combination; this effect was not observed with a single inhibitor. This effect was not observed for TRAIL-DR5 and suggested that the expression of each TRAIL-death receptor may be regulated differently.Conclusions. These data suggested that NF-κB and p53 are partially required in Pcy-triggered apoptosis of SW620 cells by up-regulating the expression of TRAIL-DR4/-DR5. In addition, the ratio between TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 may be a determining factor in the activation of TRAIL-death receptor mediated apoptosis.  Introducción. Se ha demostrado que el factor nuclear-κB y p53 aumentan los mediadores proapoptósicos como los receptores de muerte TRAIL-DR4/-DR5, según el estímulo y el tipo celular. Previamente demostramos que las procianidinas de manzana aumentaban la expresión de TRAIL-DR4/-DR5, superando la resistencia a TRAIL característica en células humanas metastásicas SW620 derivadas del cáncer de colon.Objetivo. Investigar si NF-κB y p53 están involucrados en la apoptosis inducida por procianidinas en las células SW620.Materiales y métodos. La muerte celular y las proteínas p53, TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 se analizaron por citometría de flujo. Los ARN mensajeros (ARNm) de DR4/DR5 se analizaron por RT-PCR. Las formas activadas de p50/p65 y p53 se estudiaron por ELISA e inmunodetección.Resultados. La muerte celular activada por procianidinas fue prevenida por inhibidores específicos de NF-κB y de p53: amino-4-(4-fenoxi-feniletilamino)-quinazolina y pifitrina α, respectivamente. La quinazolina y la pifitrina α inhibieron la activación dependiente de procianidinas de TRAIL-DR4/DR5. Sin embargo, el aumento en la expresión de TRAIL-DR4 disminuyó significativamente sólo cuando la quinazolina y la pifitrina α se usaron simultáneamente; este efecto no se observó con cada uno por separado. No se observaron para TRAIL-DR5 estos efectos, lo cual sugiere que la expresión de cada receptor de muerte TRAIL puede estar regulada en forma diferente. Conclusiones. Estos datos sugieren que NF-κB y p53 se requieren parcialmente en la apoptosis de células SW620 inducida por procianidinas mediante el aumento en TRAIL-DR4/-DR5. La proporción de DR4/DR5 podría ser un factor determinante en la activación de la apoptosis por vía de TRAIL-DR4/-DR5

Activación diferencial de la apoptosis vía Fas (CD95) por procianidinas de manzana en células humanas de cáncer de colon y sus derivadas metastásicas

Introduction: We investigated the effects of apple procyanidins (Pcy), oligomers of catechins and epicatechins on Fas receptor expression and function in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (SW480) and in their derived metastatic cells (SW620). Methods: Pcy were characterized by reverse-phase HPLC. Cell death, Fas proteins, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow cytometry. Fas mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR in real time. Results: Pcy up-regulated the expression of the Fas receptor at the cell surface of both cell lines but activated Fas gene transcription only in SW620 cells. In SW480 cells, Pcy combined with Fas agonist CH-11 enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis involving the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation, which were abrogated by the antagonist antibody of Fas receptor, the anti-Fas ZB4. On the contrary, in SW620 cells, CH-11 was not able to enhance Pcy-triggered apoptosis indicating that Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis was not activated in these cells despite an up-regulation of Fas receptor gene expression. However, it was observed in SW620 cells that Pcy activated the Fas receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway after a specific blockage of TRAIL-death DR4/DR5 receptors. Conclusions: The present data showed that Pcy were able to activate the Fas receptor apoptotic pathway in SW480 cells and favored a cross-talk between TRAIL and Fas receptors in SW620 cells because specific blocking of TRAIL death receptors favored activation of the Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis. These important data may allow the emergence of new therapeutic protocols targeting death receptors against resistant metastatic cells. Introducción: Se estudiaron los efectos de procianidinas (Pcy) de manzana, oligómeros de catequinas y epicatequinas en la expresión y función del receptor Fas en células humanas de cáncer de colon (SW480) y sus derivadas metastásicas (SW620). Métodos: Las Pcy se caracterizaron por cromatografía líquida de alta presión (HPLC) en fase-reversa. Se analizaron por citometría de flujo la muerte celular, la proteína Fas, la fragmentación del ADN y el potencial de la membrana mitocondrial. Se analizaron los transcriptos de Fas por RT-PCR en tiempo real.Resultados: Las Pcy aumentaron la expresión del receptor Fas en la superficie celular de ambas líneas celulares pero la transcripción del gen Fas fue activado transcripcionalmente sólo en las células SW620. En las células SW480, las Pcy combinadas con el agonista de Fas CH-11 potenció la apoptosis mediada por Fas involucrando la pérdida del potencial mitocondrial de membrana y la fragmentación del ADN los cuales fueron evadidos por el anticuerpo antagonista del receptor Fas anti-ZB4. Por el contrario, en las células SW620, CH-11 no fue capaz de potenciar la apoptosis activada por Pcy indicando que la apoptosis mediada por el receptor Fas no fue activada en estas células a pesar del aumento en la expresión de Fas por regulación a nivel transcripcional. Sin embargo, se observó en las células SW620 que las Pcy activaron la vía apoptótica mediada por el receptor Fas después de un bloqueo específico de los receptores de muerte TRAIL DR4/DR5. Conclusiones: Estos datos muestran que las Pcy fueron capaces de activar la apoptosis a través del receptor Fas en las células SW480 y favorecieron una intercomunicación entre los receptores TRAIL y Fas en las células SW620 debido a que el bloqueo específico de los receptores de muerte TRAIL favoreció la activación de la apoptosis mediada por el receptor Fas. Estos datos podrían permitir el surgimiento de nuevos protocolos terapéuticos dirigidos contra receptores de muerte en células metastásicas resistentes

Simulating the detection of the global 21 cm signal with MIST for different models of the soil and beam directivity

The Mapper of the IGM Spin Temperature (MIST) is a new ground-based, single-antenna, radio experiment attempting to detect the global 21 cm signal from the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn. A significant challenge in this measurement is the frequency-dependence, or chromaticity, of the antenna beam directivity. MIST observes with the antenna above the soil and without a metal ground plane, and the beam directivity is sensitive to the electrical characteristics of the soil. In this paper, we use simulated observations with MIST to study how the detection of the global 21 cm signal from Cosmic Dawn is affected by the soil and the MIST beam directivity. We simulate observations using electromagnetic models of the directivity computed for single- and two-layer models of the soil. We test the recovery of the Cosmic Dawn signal with and without beam chromaticity correction applied to the simulated data. We find that our single-layer soil models enable a straightforward recovery of the signal even without chromaticity correction. Two-layer models increase the beam chromaticity and make the recovery more challenging. However, for the model in which the bottom soil layer has a lower electrical conductivity than the top layer, the signal can be recovered even without chromaticity correction. For the other two-layer models, chromaticity correction is necessary for the recovery of the signal and the accuracy requirements for the soil parameters vary between models. These results will be used as a guideline to select observation sites that are favorable for the detection of the Cosmic Dawn signal.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa