In vivo evaluation of the protein quality of lyophilized egg white as substitute for casein in elaboration of an experimental diet based on AIN93.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar in vivo la calidad de la proteína de la clara de huevo liofilizada como sustituta de la caseína en la dieta AIN93. Se separaron ratones Wistar machos según las dietas: caseína (CS), clara de huevo (EW) y sin proteína (PF). Se evaluó el crecimiento somático y la ingesta de alimentos. Se midieron la relación de eficiencia de proteína, la relación neto de proteína, el perfil bioquímico, los pesos de los órganos y de los tejidos. La relación de eficacia de proteína muestra que EW presenta un alto valor biológico. Sin embargo, EW mostró un crecimiento menor que el CS. El peso relativo de los órganos y la creatinina se elevaron en el grupo EW. Por lo tanto, EW promueve la reducción del crecimiento, a pesar de la mayor ingesta.El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar in vivo la calidad de la proteína de la clara de huevo liofilizada como sustituta de la caseína en la dieta AIN93. Se separaron ratones Wistar machos según las dietas: caseína (CS), clara de huevo (EW) y sin proteína (PF). Se evaluó el crecimiento somático y la ingesta de alimentos. Se midieron la relación de eficiencia de proteína, la relación neto de proteína, el perfil bioquímico, los pesos de los órganos y de los tejidos. La relación de eficacia de proteína muestra que EW presenta un alto valor biológico. Sin embargo, EW mostró un crecimiento menor que el CS. El peso relativo de los órganos y la creatinina se elevaron en el grupo EW. Por lo tanto, EW promueve la reducción del crecimiento, a pesar de la mayor ingest

Neonatal low-protein diet reduces the masticatory efficiency in rats

Little is known about the effects of undernutrition on the specific muscles and neuronal circuits involved in mastication. The aim of this study was to document the effects of neonatal low-protein diet on masticatory efficiency. Newborn rats whose mothers were fed 17 % (nourished (N), n 60) or 8% (undernourished (U), n 56) protein were compared. Their weight was monitored and their masticatory jaw movements were video-recorded. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in brainstem slice preparations to investigate the intrinsic membrane properties and N-methyl-Daspartate- induced bursting characteristics of the rhythmogenic neurons (N, n 43; U, n 39) within the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr). Morphometric analysis (N, n 4; U, n 5) were conducted on masseteric muscles serial cross-sections. Our results showed that undernourished animals had lower numbers of masticatory sequences (P=0·049) and cycles (P=0·045) and slower chewing frequencies (P=0·004) (N, n 32; U, n 28). Undernutrition reduced body weight but had little effect on many basic NVsnpr neuronal electrophysiological parameters. It did, however, affect sag potentials (P<0·001) and rebound firing (P=0·005) that influence firing pattern. Undernutrition delayed the appearance of bursting and reduced the propensity to burst (P=0·002), as well as the bursting frequency (P=0·032). Undernourished animals showed increased and reduced proportions of fibre type IIA (P<0·0001) and IIB (P<0·0001), respectively. In addition, their fibre areas (IIA, P<0·001; IIB, P<0·001) and perimeters (IIA, P<0·001; IIB, P<0·001) were smaller. The changes observed at the behavioural, neuronal and muscular levels suggest that undernutrition reduces chewing efficiency by slowing, weakening and delaying maturation of the masticatory muscles and the associated neuronal circuitry

Uma rodada de perguntas com os membros do Grupo de Trabalho Linguagem e Tecnologias (ANPOLL)

This text is the result of an interview conducted by the magazine Linguagem em Foco with researchers from the Language and Technologies Working Group (WG), from the National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Letters and Linguistics (ANPOLL). We proposed, by e-mail, a round of three questions to all GT researchers. The questions were as follows: (1) from your perspective of studies and research, what would you say we lack to know about the relationship between language and technology? In other words, what theoretical, methodological, and / or practical gaps remain to be filled? (2) how far or how close are we to filling these gaps? What do we need to fill them? (3) in which the knowledge acquired with the mentioned researches would help the Language and Technology area, the teacher, the student, in short, the citizen? Of the twenty-six researchers who make up the WG, eleven teachers responded. The answers were organized in alphabetical order and arranged below each question in a sequential manner. The discussions compiled in this interview give us the dimension of the current research that is being done in the ​​Language and Technology area.Este texto é resultado de uma entrevista feita pela revista Linguagem em Foco com pesquisadores do Grupo de Trabalho (GT) Linguagem e Tecnologias, da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Letras e Linguística (ANPOLL). Propusemos, por e-mail, uma rodada de três perguntas a todos os pesquisadores do GT. As perguntas foram as seguintes: (1) a partir da sua perspectiva de estudos e pesquisas, o que você diria que falta sabermos sobre as relações entre linguagem e tecnologia? Em outras palavras, que lacunas teóricas, metodológicas e/ou práticas faltam ser preenchidas?; (2) quão longe ou perto estamos de preencher essas lacunas? De que precisamos para preenchê-las?; (3) em que os conhecimentos adquiridos com as pesquisas mencionadas ajudariam a área de Linguagem e Tecnologia, o professor, o aluno, enfim, o cidadão? Dos vinte e seis pesquisadores que compõem o GT, obtivemos a resposta de onze professores. As respostas foram organizadas em ordem alfabética e dispostas abaixo de cada pergunta de forma sequencial. As discussões compiladas nesta entrevista nos dão a dimensão das atuais pesquisas que estão sendo feitas na área de Linguagem e Tecnologia.&nbsp

Social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic: potential impacts and challenges in Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers and policy makers to identify public safety measures forpreventing the collapse of healthcare systems and reducingdeaths. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the impact of social distancing measures on the epidemic and discusses the implementation of these measures in Brazil. Articles on the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 were selected from the PubMed, medRXiv and bioRvix databases. Federal and state legislation was analyzed to summarize the strategies implemented in Brazil. Social distancing measures adopted by the population appear effective, particularly when implemented in conjunction with the isolation of cases and quarantining of contacts. Therefore, social distancing measures, and social protection policies to guarantee the sustainability of these measures, should be implemented. To control COVID-19 in Brazil, it is also crucial that epidemiological monitoring is strengthened at all three levels of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This includes evaluating and usingsupplementary indicators to monitor the progression of the pandemic and the effect of the control measures, increasing testing capacity, and making disaggregated notificationsand testing resultstransparentand broadly available

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3&nbsp;e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost