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Evidence of systematic biases in ocean surface heat fluxes simulated by AGCMs
The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project has provided a unique opportunity to evaluate atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations made with realistic boundary forcing. Here we report on some results from AMIP Subproject No. 5, making use of a suite of observationally-based estimates of ocean surface heat fluxes to evaluate the seasonal cycle of surface heating as simulated by AGCMs
Numerical wave propagation for the triangular - finite element pair
Inertia-gravity mode and Rossby mode dispersion properties are examined for
discretisations of the linearized rotating shallow-water equations using the
- finite element pair on arbitrary triangulations in planar
geometry. A discrete Helmholtz decomposition of the functions in the velocity
space based on potentials taken from the pressure space is used to provide a
complete description of the numerical wave propagation for the discretised
equations. In the -plane case, this decomposition is used to obtain
decoupled equations for the geostrophic modes, the inertia-gravity modes, and
the inertial oscillations. As has been noticed previously, the geostrophic
modes are steady. The Helmholtz decomposition is used to show that the
resulting inertia-gravity wave equation is third-order accurate in space. In
general the \pdgp finite element pair is second-order accurate, so this leads
to very accurate wave propagation. It is further shown that the only spurious
modes supported by this discretisation are spurious inertial oscillations which
have frequency , and which do not propagate. The Helmholtz decomposition
also allows a simple derivation of the quasi-geostrophic limit of the
discretised - equations in the -plane case, resulting in a
Rossby wave equation which is also third-order accurate.Comment: Revised version prior to final journal submissio
Effective actions of a Gauss-Bonnet brane world with brane curvature terms
We consider a warped brane world scenario with two branes, Gauss-Bonnet
gravity in the bulk, and brane localised curvature terms. When matter is
present on both branes, we investigate the linear equations of motion and
distinguish three regimes. At very high energy and for an observer on the
positive tension brane, gravity is four dimensional and coupled to the brane
bending mode in a Brans-Dicke fashion. The coupling to matter and brane bending
on the negative tension brane is exponentially suppressed. In an intermediate
regime, gravity appears to be five dimensional while the brane bending mode
remains four dimensional. At low energy, matter on both branes couple to
gravity for an observer on the positive tension brane, with a Brans-Dicke
description similar to the 2--brane Randall-Sundrum setup. We also consider the
zero mode truncation at low energy and show that the moduli approximation fails
to reproduce the low energy action.Comment: 14 page
Core Structure of Global Vortices in Brane World Models
We study analytically and numerically the core structure of global vortices
forming on topologically deformed brane-worlds with a single toroidally compact
extra dimension. It is shown that for an extra dimension size larger than the
scale of symmetry breaking the magnitude of the complex scalar field at the
vortex center can dynamically remain non-zero. Singlevaluedness and regularity
are not violated. Instead, the winding escapes to the extra dimension at the
vortex center. As the extra dimension size decreases the field magnitude at the
core dynamically decreases also and in the limit of zero extra dimension size
we reobtain the familiar global vortex solution. Extensions to other types of
defects and gauged symmetries are also discussed.Comment: 6 two column pages, 3 figure
Exploring disparities in acute myocardial infarction events between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians: roles of age, gender, geography and area-level disadvantage
We investigated disparities in rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in the 199 Statistical Local Areas (SLAs) in New South Wales, Australia. Using routinely collected and linked hospital and mortality data from 2002 to 2007, we developed multilevel Poisson regression models to estimate the relative rates of first AMI events in the study period accounting for area of residence. Rates of AMI in Aboriginal people were more than two times that in non-Aboriginal people, with the disparity greatest in more disadvantaged and remote areas. AMI rates in Aboriginal people varied significantly by SLA, as did the Aboriginal to non-Aboriginal rate ratio. We identified almost 30 priority areas for universal and targeted preventive interventions that had both high rates of AMI for Aboriginal people and large disparities in rates
U(1) Gauge Field of the Kaluza-Klein Theory in the Presence of Branes
We investigate the zero mode dimensional reduction of the Kaluza-Klein
unifications in the presence of a single brane in the infinite extra dimension.
We treat the brane as fixed, not a dynamical object, and do not require the
orbifold symmetry. It seems that, contrary to the standard Kaluza-Klein models,
the 4D effective action is no longer invariant under the U(1) gauge
transformations due to the explicit breaking of isometries in the extra
dimension by the brane. Surprisingly, however, the linearized perturbation
analysis around the RS vacuum shows that the Kaluza-Klein gauge field does
possess the U(1) gauge symmetry at the linear level. In addition, the
graviscalar also behaves differently from the 4D point of view. Some physical
implications of our results are also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, revtex, no figure, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D,
possible caveats of our results due to the zero mode ansatz we used are
explained in more detai
Radion Stabilization in Compact Hyperbolic Extra Dimensions
We consider radion stabilization in hyperbolic brane-world scenarios. We
demonstrate that in the context of Einstein gravity, matter fields which
stabilize the extra dimensions must violate the null energy condition. This
result is shown to hold even allowing for FRW-like expansion on the brane. In
particular, we explicitly demonstrate how one putative source of stabilizing
matter fails to work, and how others violate the above condition. We speculate
on a number of ways in which we may bypass this result, including the effect of
Casimir energy in these spaces. A brief discussion of supersymmetry in these
backgrounds is also given.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur
Looking Beyond Inflationary Cosmology
In spite of the phenomenological successes of the inflationary universe
scenario, the current realizations of inflation making use of scalar fields
lead to serious conceptual problems which are reviewed in this lecture. String
theory may provide an avenue towards addressing these problems. One particular
approach to combining string theory and cosmology is String Gas Cosmology. The
basic principles of this approach are summarized.Comment: invited talk at "Theory Canada 1" (Univ. of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada, June 2 - 4, 2005) (references updated
Friedmann-like equations for High Energy Area of Universe
In this paper, evolution of the high energy area of universe, through the
scenario of 5 dimensional (5D) universe, has been studied. For this purpose, we
solve Einstein equations for 5D metric and 5D perfect fuid to derive
Friedmann-like equations. Then we obtain the evolution of scale factor and
energy density with respect to both space-like and time-like extra dimensions.
We obtain the novel equations for the space-like extra dimension and show that
the matter with zero pressure cannot exist in the bulk. Also, for dark energy
fuid and vacuum fluid, we have both accelerated expansion and contraction in
the bulk.Comment: 9 pages, Accepted to publication in IJTP 26 June 2012. arXiv admin
note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1202.497
Holography and trace anomaly: what is the fate of (brane-world) black holes?
The holographic principle relates (classical) gravitational waves in the bulk
to quantum fluctuations and the Weyl anomaly of a conformal field theory on the
boundary (the brane). One can thus argue that linear perturbations in the bulk
of static black holes located on the brane be related to the Hawking flux and
that (brane-world) black holes are therefore unstable. We try to gain some
information on such instability from established knowledge of the Hawking
radiation on the brane. In this context, the well-known trace anomaly is used
as a measure of both the validity of the holographic picture and of the
instability for several proposed static brane metrics. In light of the above
analysis, we finally consider a time-dependent metric as the (approximate)
representation of the late stage of evaporating black holes which is
characterized by decreasing Hawking temperature, in qualitative agreement with
what is required by energy conservation.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, a few comments and references added, accepted
for publication in Phys. Rev.
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