Producción, agronomía y usos culinarios del Amaranthus spp. de Tochimilco, Puebla, México

Amaranth is a food with important nutritional and culinary properties, but its human consumption is limited due to the lack of dissemination about its use and gastronomic benefits. The objective of this work was to expose the origin, properties, benefits, and culinary uses of amaranth in Tochimilco, Puebla, to understand one of the limitations that this pseudocereal might have and relate it to its current consumption in that population, where it is cultivated and commercialized in addition to the City of Puebla. This article used a mixed methodology that included in-depth interviews with amaranth-producing families in the municipality of Tochimilco and a questionnaire applied to 390 potential consumers in that municipality and in the City of Puebla. The results were statistically analyzed through bivariate relationships, using SPSS v.20 software. The study results showed that 82.3% of the respondents are willing to consume more amaranth products due to their nutritional benefits. However, it was found that there is currently no plan to disseminate its culinary use in the City of Puebla or Tochimilco. Contribution and originality: This article highlights the importance, origin, properties, benefits, and culinary uses of amaranth in Tochimilco and the City of Puebla, emphasizing the need to disseminate its use and benefits to increase its human consumption. The mixed methodology used in this study provides a clearer view of the problem and its possible causes.El amaranto es un alimento con importantes propiedades nutricionales y culinarias, pero su consumo humano es limitado debido a la falta de difusión sobre su uso y beneficios gastronómicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue exponer el origen, propiedades, beneficios y usos culinarios del amaranto en Tochimilco, Puebla, para dimensionar una de las limitantes que pudiera tener dicho pseudocereal y relacionarla con su consumo actual en dicha población, donde se cultiva y comercializa además de la Ciudad de Puebla. En el presente artículo se utilizó una metodología mixta que incluyó entrevistas a profundidad con las familias productoras de amaranto del municipio de Tochimilco y un cuestionario aplicado a 390 posibles consumidores en dicho municipio y a Ciudad de Puebla, cuyos resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente a través de relaciones bivariadas, con el software SPSS v.20. Los resultados del estudio arrojaron que el 82.3% de los encuestados están dispuestos a consumir más productos de amaranto debido a sus beneficios nutrimentales. Sin embargo, se detectó que en la actualidad no existe un plan que permita la difusión de su uso culinario en la Ciudad de Puebla o Tochimilco. Este artículo destaca la importancia, origen, propiedades, beneficios y usos culinarios del amaranto en Tochimilco y la Ciudad de Puebla, resaltando la necesidad de difundir su uso y beneficios para aumentar su consumo humano. La metodología mixta utilizada en este estudio permite tener una visión más clara de la problemática y de las posibles causas

Factores que influyen en la incidencia de infección de vías urinarias en la población adulta de 18 a 59 años de edad que consulta en las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar la Carrillo, San Miguel; Jocote Dulce, San Miguel y San Alejo, La Unión año 2019

RESUMEN: La infección de vías urinarias se define como la presencia de bacterias en cualquier punto del tracto urinario acompañada o no de signos y síntomas generales de infección. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la incidencia y establecer los factores sociodemográficos y culturales que influyen en la incidencia de infección de vías urinarias de los pacientes de 18 a 59 años de edad que consultan en las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar de La Carrillo, Jocote Dulce y San Alejo, año 2019. Metodología: el estudio es prospectivo, transversal y analítico porque busca explicar los factores que influyen sobre el problema en un periodo de tiempo determinado; la población del presente estudio consta de 5,959 personas, seleccionando 112 personas aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión a la población que consultó de forma espontánea. El instrumento que se utilizó para la recolección de datos fue el cuestionario constituido por 16 preguntas cerradas y 5 abiertas con el previo consentimiento informado firmado por el paciente. Resultados más destacados: la incidencia global de infección de vías urinarias del estudio es de 42.9%; dentro de los factores sociodemográficos la edad, paridad y escolaridad influyen de manera individual en la incidencia de infección de vías urinarias, ya que los rangos de 24 a 49 y 30 a 35 años de edad presentan infección de vías urinarias en un 84.2% y 51.9% respectivamente; en la paridad, el 100% de las pacientes que tiene paridad 5 presenta infección de vías urinarias; en tanto que los demás influyen ligados a otros factores. Los factores culturales influyen la mayoría de forma individual en la incidencia de infección de vías urinarias. Principales conclusiones: los factores sociodemográficos y culturales influyen en la incidencia de infección de vías urinarias ya que la mayoría de estos muestran significancia estadística. ABSTRACT: Urinary tract infection is defined as the presence of bacteria at any point in the urinary tract, accompanied or not by general signs and symptoms of infection. The objective of this research is to determine the incidence and establish the sociodemographic and cultural factors that influence the incidence of urinary tract infection in patients aged 18 to 59 years who consult in the Family Health Community Units of La Carrillo, Jocote. Dulce y San Alejo, year 2019. Methodology: the study is prospective, cross-sectional and analytical because it seeks to explain the factors that influence the problem in a given period of time; The population of this study consists of 5,959 people, selecting 112 people applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to the population that consulted spontaneously. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire consisting of 16 closed questions and 5 open questions with the prior informed consent signed by the patient. Most outstanding results: the overall incidence of urinary tract infection in the study is 42.9%; Within the sociodemographic factors, age, parity and education individually influence the incidence of urinary tract infection, since the ranges of 24 to 49 and 30 to 35 years of age present urinary tract infection in 84.2% and 51.9 % respectively; in parity, 100% of patients with parity 5 have urinary tract infection; while the others influence linked to other factors. Most cultural factors individually influence the incidence of urinary tract infection. Main conclusions: sociodemographic and cultural factors influence the incidence of urinary tract infection since most of these show statistical significanc

Integrated management of yellow aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench in Guerrero, Mexico

Sorghum is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is an important cereal for Mexico. However, it is affected by different pests, especially the yellow aphid. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of biological, botanical and chemical insecticides in reducing Melanaphis sacchari populations in sorghum plants under greenhouse conditions. Planting was conducted in a greenhouse, using the sorghum hybrid 945-M. Pests, diseases and weeds management were implemented. The incidence of the yellow aphid was induced artificially. A total of 13 treatments were applied. The following variables were assessed: the number of aphids per leaf, the biological effectiveness of the treatments, plant height, diameter of the plant stem, number of leaves, and the weight of fresh and dry plants. An analysis of variance was conducted for each variable under study, as along with a comparison of means using the Tukey method (α=0.05) and correlation analysis using the SAS® 9.4 software. The chemical, biological and organic insecticide that exhibited the greatest control of the yellow aphid (more than 95%) were: Toretto® (sulfoxaflor), PHC® Meta Tron® (M. anisopliae), Bio-Die® (Argemonin, Berberine, Ricinin and a-Terthienyl). Adequate management strategies are needed to avoid health problems in people, environmental contamination and resistance or multiple resistance

VARIACIÓN A CORTO PLAZO DEL FITOPLANCTON EN LA BAHÍA DE TURPIALITO, GOLFO DE CARIACO, VENEZUELA, DURANTE LA ÉPOCA DE LLUVIAS

RESUMEN: Se estudió la variación a corto plazo del fitoplancton en la Bahía de Turpialito. Se midió velocidad del viento,salinidad, temperatura del agua, concentración de nutrientes y clorofila a (clor. a), y abundancia del fitoplancton a 0 y 6 m cadaseis horas del 24 al 31/07/2010. La velocidad del viento (0-13 m s-1), la salinidad (30-35,6) y la temperatura (22,8-29ºC) sólomostraron diferencias horarias significativas. Los nutrientes generalmente variaron diariamente (promedios de 0,89; 0,03;0,84; 0,06; y 3,66 ìmol L-1 para amonio, nitrito, nitrato, fosfato y silicato, respectivamente), lo que indica que su fuente noes constante. La concentración de clor a (0,11 – 0,96 mg m-3) y la abundancia microalgal (0,26 – 3,28 X 103 cel. ml-1) sólovariaron diariamente de manera significativa. Este resultado indicó que las fluctuaciones diarias de las variables ambientalesafectaron al fitoplancton. Se identificaron un total de 80 especies. Los dinoflagelados (46 taxones) fue el grupo más diverso.Las especies que dominaron la comunidad fueron Ceratium kofoidii (Jorgensen), Prorocentrum micans (Ehrenberg), Scripsiellasp. (dinoflagelados), Navicula sp.1 (diatomea) y Oscillatoria sp. (cianobacteria). Por otra parte, el ACP mostró una correlaciónpositiva entre las concentraciones de amonio, silicato y clorofila e inversa con las concentraciones de fosfato. Esto sugiereuna entrada constante de amonio y silicato y un suministro puntual o irregular de fosfato. En el otro componente, la velocidaddel viento, la temperatura, la concentración de nitrito y la diversidad mostraron una correlación positiva entre ellas. Unaumento de la intensidad del viento haría que la columna de agua sea uniforme térmicamente y que la diversidad se incremente.Los resultados sugieren que aún en la bahía de Turpialito en la época de lluvia, la comunidad fitoplanctonica fue dominada porformas flageladas y cambió en un periodo inferior a una semana.Palabras clave: aguas neríticas tropicales, microalgas marinas, ecología del plancton, Mar Caribe.ABSTRACT: Short term variations in phytoplankton in Turpialito Bay were studied. Wind velocity, salinity, temperature,nutrient concentration, and phytoplankton biomass were determined at 0 and 6 m every six hours from the 07/24th to the 07/31st/2010. Wind velocity (0-13 m s-1), salinity (30-35.6) and temperature (22.8-29ºC) only showed significant differenceswith respect to sampling time. Nutrient concentrations varied daily (averages of 0.89, 0.03, 0.84, 0.06, and 3.66 ìmol L-1 forammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate, respectively), which indicated that their source is not constant. Concentrationof chlorophyll a (chlor a; 0.11 – 0.96 mg m-3), and microalgal abundance (0,26 – 3,28 X 103 cel. ml-1) varied significantly withrespect sampling day. This result indicated that the daily fluctuations in environmental variables did affect the phytoplankton.A total of 80 species were identified. Dinoflagellates (46 taxa) were the most diverse group. The community was dominatedby: Ceratium kofoidii (Jorgesen), Prorocentrum micans (Ehrenberg), Scripsiella sp. (dinoflagellates), Navicula sp.1 (diatom),Oscillatoria sp. (cyanobacteria). On the other hand, the PCA showed a positive correlation among the concentrations ofammonia, silicate and chlor a. These variables exhibited a negative correlation with phosphate concentration. This factsuggests a constant supply of ammonia and silicate and a puntual or irregular supply of phosphate. In the other component,wind velocity, temperature, nitrite concentration and diversity correlated positively among themselves. An increase of windvelocity in shallow waters would result in a thermally uniform water column and a higher diversity. The results suggest thatin Turpialito Bay during the rainy season, the phytoplankton community changes in periods shorter than one week.Key words: tropical neritic waters, plankton ecology, marine microalgae, Caribbean Sea

Structure, Process, and Mortality Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome Management in Guatemala’s National Healthcare System: The ACS-GT Registry

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) include ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA). The leading cause of mortality in Guatemala is acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and there is no established national policy nor current standard of care. Objective: Describe the factors that influence ACS outcome, evaluating the national healthcare system’s quality of care based on the Donabedian health model. Methods: The ACS-Gt study is an observational, multicentre, and prospective national registry. A total of 109 ACS adult patients admitted at six hospitals from Guatemala’s National Healthcare System were included. These represent six out of the country’s eight geographic regions. Data enrolment took place from February 2020 to January 2021. Data was assessed using chi-square test, Student’s t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test, whichever applied. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and nine patients met inclusion criteria (80.7% STEMI, 19.3% NSTEMI/UA). The population was predominantly male, (68%) hypertensive (49.5%), and diabetic (45.9%). Fifty-nine percent of STEMI patients received fibrinolysis (alteplase 65.4%) and none for primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (pPCI). Reperfusion success rate was 65%, and none were taken to PCI afterwards in the recommended time period (2–24 hours). Prognostic delays in STEMI were significantly prolonged in comparison with European guidelines goals. Optimal in-hospital medical therapy was 8.3%, and in-hospital mortality was 20.4%. Conclusions: There is poor access to ACS pharmacological treatment, low reperfusion rate, and no primary, urgent, or rescue PCI available. No patient fulfilled the recommended time period between successful fibrinolysis and PCI. Resources are limited and inefficiently used

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV