A gestão terapêutica e a segurança do doente no Bloco Operatório

Relatório de Estágio de Natureza Profissional no âmbito do Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica apresentada na Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do CasteloO presente relatório, descreve, analisa e reflete o processo de desenvolvimento e aquisição de competências especializadas, na área da pessoa em situação critica, adquiridas ao longo da Unidade Curricular - Estágio de Natureza Profissional (ENP), realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica. Neste sentido, o ENP, decorreu no Bloco Operatório Central (BO) do Centro Hospitalar Póvoa de Varzim / Vila do Conde de 11 de janeiro a 11 de julho de 2021, tendo como principal objetivo o desenvolvimento de competências comuns e especificas em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, na área da prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica no BO. Para o desenvolvimento e aquisição destas competências, emergiram diversas atividades no contexto de estágio que foram realizadas com sustentação em bases teóricas e na evidência científica, de modo a garantir uma melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados e a excelência no exercício da profissão. Desta experiência, não é de mais descrever, a importância do papel do enfermeiro especialista em médico-cirúrgica no BO no cuidar ao doente crítico pela sua diferenciação na prestação de cuidados. No que diz respeito ao nosso desempenho neste estágio, destacamos o papel da formação profissional em enfermagem no desenvolvimento de competências, a aprendizagem e reflexão sobre as práticas no cuidar ao doente em situação crítica no BO e no conhecimento do agir em ambientes imprevisíveis e instáveis. No âmbito da investigação, recorremos a uma revisão integrativa da literatura, para dar resposta à problemática, a gestão terapêutica e a segurança do doente no Bloco Operatório. A pertinência do tema, decorre pela necessidade de cada vez mais se promover a cultura de segurança do doente, uma vez que é requisito essencial à qualidade dos cuidados de saúde e também pela minimização dos erros associados à terapêutica da enfermagem de anestesia, visto que estes podem desencadear um agravamento da situação do doente. Como principal resultado deste trabalho de investigação foram implementados novos procedimentos de enfermagem no Bloco Operatório. Estes, incidiram na rotulagem dos medicamentos de acordo com os medicamentos Look Alike e Sound Alike, medicamentos de Alto Risco e rotulagem com recurso a codificação por cores. A aprendizagem não é estanque, pelo que procuramos, enquanto futura Enfermeira Especialista, a melhoria contínua cuidados prestados com qualidade, eficácia e humanização dos mesmos.This report describes, analyzes and reflects the process of development and acquisition of specialized skills, in the area of the person in a critical situation, acquired throughout the Curricular Unit - Internship of a Professional Nature, carried out within the scope of the Master in Medical-Surgical Nursing. In this sense, the internship of a professional nature took place in the Operation Room of the Centro Hospitalar Póvoa de Varzim / Vila do Conde from January 11 to July 11, 2021, with the main objective of developing common and specific skills medical-surgical nursing, in the area of providing care to the person in critical condition in the Operation Room. For the development and acquisition of these skills, several activities emerged in the internship context that were carried out in a way based on theoretical bases and scientific evidence, in order to guarantee an improvement in the quality of care and excellence in the exercise of the profession. From this experience, it is not enough to describe the importance of the role of the medical-surgical nurse specialist in the Operation Room in caring for the critically ill patient due to their differentiation in the provision of care. With regard to our performance in this internship, we highlight the role of professional training in nursing in the development of skills, learning and reflection on practices in caring for the patient in a critical situation in the Operation Room and in the knowledge of acting in unpredictable and unstable environments. Within the scope of the investigation, we resorted to an integrative literature review, to respond to the problem, therapeutic management and patient safety in the Operation Room: contributions from anesthesia nursing. The relevance of the topic stems from the need to increasingly promote a patient safety culture, since it is an essential requirement for the quality of health care and due to the minimization of errors associated with anesthesia nursing therapy. As the main result of this investigation, new nursing procedures were implemented in the Operation Room. These were nothing more and nothing less than the labeling of medicines according to Look Alike and Sound Alike medicines, High Risk medicines and labeling using color coding. Learning is not watertight, so I seek, as a Specialist Nurse, the continuous improvement of care provided with quality, effectiveness and humanization

Mutational spectrum of cystinosis in Portugal, 1998-2017

Artigo original publicado em inglês: Ferreira F, Leal I, Sousa D, et al. CTNS Molecular Genetics Profile in a Portuguese Cystinosis Population. Open J Genet. 2018 Dec 18;8(4):91-100. doi:10.4236/ojgen.2018.84008A cistinose é uma doença metabólica multisistémica, autossómica recessiva caracterizada por uma acumulação de cistina em diferentes órgãos e tecidos devido a uma deficiência no transporte de cistina para o exterior dos lisossomas. O gene responsável pela doença, CTNS, está localizado no cromossoma 17 e codifica para uma proteína de membrana lisossomal, a cistinosina. Neste trabalho foram estudados doentes não relacionados provenientes das consultas de adultos e pediatria de diferentes hospitais de Portugal continental e ilhas, que apresentavam proteinuria não-nefrótica, hipercalciúria, hipocaliemia, hiperaminoacidúria, glicosúria e hipofosfatemia, sugestivo de síndroma de Fanconi e queixas oculares. Bioquimicamente, a cistina intraleucocitária foi quantificada, tendo-se igualmente efetuado a caracterização molecular do gene CTNS, inicialmente apenas direcionado para a pesquisa da deleção de 57-kb, seguida da sequenciação de todos os exões codificantes do gene CTNS. Desde 1998 a 2017, 21 doentes cistinóticos foram bioquimicamente caracterizados. Entretanto, 4 destes doentes faleceram e dos restantes 17, apenas 11 foram estudados para o gene CTNS. Verificouse que 5 destes 11 doentes foram homozigóticos para a deleção de 57-kb (10/22; 45,5%), e outros 5 foram compostos heterozigóticos para esta mutação (15/22; 68,2%). As outras mutações identificadas foram: p.Q128X (c.721 C>T; 2/22), p.S139F (c.755 C>T; 4/22) e c.18-21delGACT (p.T7FfsX7; 1/22). Todos estes 17 doentes cistinóticos estão em tratamento, sendo que 84% são adultos, 16% são crianças jovens e 54,5% são transplantados renais. Este estudo efetuado ao longo de vários anos, reflete a experiência no diagnóstico e monitorização dos doentes cistinóticos. Além disso, a caracterização das mutações encontradas no gene CTNS, ressalta a importância para um screening inicial da deleção de 57-kb e permite um futuro aconselhamento genético aos casais de risco.Cystinosis is a multisystemic autosomal recessive deficiency of the lysossomal membrane transporter protein (cystinosin) caused by mutations in CTNS gene. This study summarizes the Portuguese experience in the diagnosis and management of patients with this rare disease over the past few years and reports recurrent mutations in the CTNS gene. Unrelated patients from different pediatric and adult hospitals all over Portugal with non-nephrotic proteinuria, hypercalciuria, hypokalemia impaired proximal reabsorption of amino acids, glycosuria and hypophosphatemia, suggestive of a Fanconi syndrome and ocular problems were studied. Intraleukocyte cystine levels were determined and molecular analysis performed, to determine the presence of the 57-kb deletion in CTNS, followed by direct sequencing of the coding exons of CTNS. From 1998 to 2017, 21 cystinotic patients were biochemically diagnosed. From the remaining 17 (4 deceased), 11 were studied for CTNS gene. Five out of 11 patients were homozygous for the 57-kb deletion (10/22; 45.5%), and other 5 were compound heterozygous for this variant (15/22; 68.2%). The other mutations found were p.Q128X (c.721 C>T; 2/22), p.S139F (c.755 C>T; 4/22) and c.18-21delGACT (p.T7FfsX7; 1/22). All of these 17 cystinotic patients are in treatment. Approximately 84% are adults, 16% are young children, and 54.5% are kidney transplant recipient. The authors would like to emphasize the importance of first screening for the 57-kb deletion since it is very common in our population. This genetic study is the first in Portugal and it could be the basis for future genetic counseling in cistinotic patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CTNS Molecular Genetics Profile in a Portuguese Cystinosis Population

Background: Cystinosis is a multisystemic autosomal recessive deficiency of the lysosomal membrane transporter protein (cystinosin) caused by mutations in CTNS gene. Objective : This study summarizes the Portuguese experience in the diagnosis and management of patients with this rare disease over the past few years and reports recurrent mutations in the CTNS gene . Methods : Unrelated patients from different pediatric and adult hospitals all over Portugal with non-nephrotic proteinuria, hypercalciuria, hypokalemia impaired proximal reabsorption of amino acids, glycosuria and hypophosphatemia, suggestive of a Fanconi syndrome and ocular problems, were studied. Intra-leukocyte cystine levels were determined and molecular analysis was performed, to determine the presence or absence of the 57-kb deletion in CTNS , followed by direct sequencing of the coding exons of CTNS . Results : From 1998 to 2017, twenty-one cystinotic patients were biochemically diagnosed. From the remaining seventeen (four deceased), eleven were studied for CTNS gene. Five out of eleven patients were homozygous for the 57-kb deletion (10/22; 45.5%), and other five were compound heterozygous for this variant (15/22; 68.2%). The other mutations found were p.Q128X (c.721 C>T; 2/22), p.S139F (c.755 C>T; 4/22) and c.18-21delGACT (p.T7FfsX7; 1/22). All of these seventeen cystinotic patients are in treatment. Approximately 84% are adults, 16% are young children, and 54.5% are kidney transplant recipient. Conclusions: The authors would like to emphasize the importance of first screening for the 57-kb deletion since it is very common in our population. This genetic study is the first in our country and it could be the basis for future genetic counseling in Portuguese population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Patient-physician discordance in assessment of adherence to inhaled controller medication: a cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts

We aimed to compare patient's and physician's ratings of inhaled medication adherence and to identify predictors of patient-physician discordance.(SFRH/BPD/115169/2016) funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT); ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through the operations: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029130 ('mINSPIRERS—mHealth to measure and improve adherence to medication in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases—generalisation and evaluation of gamification, peer support and advanced image processing technologies') cofunded by the COMPETE2020 (Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização), Portugal 2020 and by Portuguese Funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Detection of anti-infliximab antibodies is impacted by antibody titer, infliximab level and IgG4 antibodies: a systematic comparison of three different assays

Background: There is scant information on the accuracy of different assays used to measure anti-infliximab antibodies (ADAs), especially in the presence of detectable infliximab (IFX). We thus aimed to evaluate and compare three different assays for the detection of IFX and ADAs and to clarify the impact of the presence of circulating IFX on the accuracy of the ADA assays.Methods: Blood samples from 79 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients treated with infliximab were assessed for IFX levels and ADAs using three different assays: an in-house assay and two commercial kits, Immundiagnostik and Theradiag. Sera samples with ADAs and undetectable levels of IFX were spiked with exogenous IFX and analyzed for ADAs.Results: The three assays showed 81-96% agreement for the measured IFX level. However, the in-house assay and Immundiagnostik assays detected ADAs in 34 out of 79 samples, whereas Theradiag only detected ADAs in 24 samples. Samples negative for ADAs with Theradiag, but ADA-positive in both the in-house and Immundiagnostik assays, were positive for IFX or IgG4 ADAs. In spiking experiments, a low concentration of exogenous IFX (5 mu g/ml) hampered ADA detection with Theradiag in sera samples with ADA levels of between 3 and 10 mu g/ml. In the Immundiagnostik assay detection interference was only observed at concentrations of exogenous IFX higher than 30 mu g/ml. However, in samples with high levels of ADAs (> 25 mu g/ml) interference was only observed at IFX concentrations higher than 100 mu g/ml in all three assays. Binary (IFX/ADA) stratification of the results showed that IFX+/ADA and IFX-/ADAs + were less influenced by the assay results than the double-positive (IFX+/ADAs+) and double-negative (IFX-/ADAs-) combination.Conclusions: All three methodologies are equally suitable for measuring IFX levels. However, erroneous therapeutic decisions may occur when patients show double-negative (IFX-/ADAs) or double-positive (IFX+/ADAs+) status, since agreement between assays is significantly lower in these circumstances

Identification of clusters of asthma control: A preliminary analysis of the inspirers studies

This work was funded by ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through the operations: POCI- -01-0145-FEDER-029130 (“mINSPIRERS—mHealth to measure and improve adherence to medication in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases - generalisation and evaluation of gamification, peer support and advanced image processing technologies”) co-funded by the COMPETE2020 (Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização), Portugal 2020 and by Portuguese Funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).© 2020, Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clinica. All rights reserved. Aims: To identify distinct asthma control clusters based on Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) and to compare patients’ characteristics among these clusters. Methods: Adults and adolescents (≥13 years) with persistent asthma were recruited at 29 Portuguese hospital outpatient clinics, in the context of two observational studies of the INSPIRERS project. Demographic and clinical characteristics, adherence to inhaled medication, beliefs about inhaled medication, anxiety and depression, quality of life, and asthma control (CARAT, >24 good control) were collected. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using CARAT total score (CARAT-T). Results: 410 patients (68% adults), with a median (percentile 25–percentile 75) age of 28 (16-46) years, were analysed. Three clusters were identified [mean CARAT-T (min-max)]: cluster 1 [27(24-30)], cluster 2 [19(14-23)] and cluster 3 [10(2-13)]. Patients in cluster 1 (34%) were characterised by better asthma control, better quality of life, higher inhaler adherence and use of a single inhaler. Patients in clusters 2 (50%) and 3 (16%) had uncontrolled asthma, lower inhaler adherence, more symptoms of anxiety and depression and more than half had at least one exacerbation in the previous year. Further-more, patients in cluster 3 were predominantly female, had more unscheduled medical visits and more anxiety symp-toms, perceived a higher necessity of their prescribed inhalers but also higher levels of concern about taking these inhalers. There were no differences in age, body mass index, lung function, smoking status, hospital admissions or specialist physician follow-up time among the three clusters. Conclusion: An unsupervised method based on CARAT--T, identified 3 clusters of patients with distinct, clinically meaningful characteristics. The cluster with better asthma control had a cut-off similar to the established in the validation study of CARAT and an additional cut-off seems to distinguish more severe disease. Further research is necessary to validate the asthma control clusters identified.publishersversionpublishe

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Streptococcus pyogenes Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Are Enriched in the Recently Emerged emm89 Clade 3 and Are Not Associated With Abrogation of CovRS

Although skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are the most common focal infections associated with invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Lancefield Group A streptococci - GAS), there is scarce information on the characteristics of isolates recovered from SSTI in temperate-climate regions. In this study, 320 GAS isolated from SSTI in Portugal were characterized by multiple typing methods and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and SpeB activity. The covRS and ropB genes of isolates with no detectable SpeB activity were sequenced. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was similar to that of previously characterized isolates from invasive infections (iGAS), presenting a decreasing trend in macrolide resistance. However, the clonal composition of SSTI between 2005 and 2009 was significantly different from that of contemporary iGAS. Overall, iGAS were associated with emm1 and emm3, while SSTI were associated with emm89, the dominant emm type among SSTI (19%). Within emm89, SSTI were only significantly associated with isolates lacking the hasABC locus, suggesting that the recently emerged emm89 clade 3 may have an increased potential to cause SSTI. Reflecting these associations between emm type and disease presentation, there were also differences in the distribution of emm clusters, sequence types, and superantigen gene profiles between SSTI and iGAS. According to the predicted ability of each emm cluster to interact with host proteins, iGAS were associated with the ability to bind fibrinogen and albumin, whereas SSTI isolates were associated with the ability to bind C4BP, IgA, and IgG. SpeB activity was absent in 79 isolates (25%), in line with the proportion previously observed among iGAS. Null covS and ropB alleles (predicted to eliminate protein function) were detected in 10 (3%) and 12 (4%) isolates, corresponding to an underrepresentation of mutations impairing CovRS function in SSTI relative to iGAS. Overall, these results indicate that the isolates responsible for SSTI are genetically distinct from those recovered from normally sterile sites, supporting a role for mutations impairing CovRS activity specifically in invasive infection and suggesting that this role relies on a differential regulation of other virulence factors besides SpeB

SABER TREINAR A SI MESMO: PORQUE E COMO DEVEMOS ENSINAR TREINAMENTO NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA?

O texto apresenta argumentações cientificas sobre o treino corporal na escola a partir de uma experiência concreta na Escola Municipal Teodoro Sampaio, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio