AMMA information system: an efficient cross-disciplinary tool and a legacy for forthcoming projects

International audienceIn the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) programme, several tools have been developed in order to facilitate and speed up data and information exchange between researchers from different disciplines. The AMMA information system includes a multidisciplinary user-friendly distributed data management and distribution system, a reports and quick looks archive associated with a display website and scientific papers exchange systems. All the applications have been developed by several French institutions and fully duplicated in Niamey, Niger

Expression of potato tuber necrosis ringspot disease (PTNRD) in field conditions in France

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Potential threat of the potato tuber necrosis disease in mediterranean countries : towards a better control strategy

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Study of varietal susceptibility to potato tuber necrosis ringspot disease under field conditions in France

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Distribution and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum coccodes in French potato-producing areas

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Analysis of the sources and dynamic processes leading to the increase of atmospheric CO2, black carbon and other trace species during recent urban pollution events in the Paris megacity region : a synergy of resources provided by the IPSL OCAPI platform

Nowadays, more than 50% of the global population leave in urban centers which activities generate large anthropogenic emissions of CO2 (more than 70% of fossil fuel CO2 comes from urbanized/industrialized areas) and reactive gases that endanger our climate, the health of human beings and surrounding ecosystems. The worst situations are encountered during urban pollution events that usually form under anticyclonic conditions. Analyzing the contribution of the local and regional sources of urban CO2 and co-emitted species vs the remote ones, as well as the nature of these sources and the dynamical processes that lead to the building of such events can provide interesting knowledge for helping urban policy makers to better identify the role of anthropogenic/biogenic sources on the urban air composition and to take proper decisions in matter of CO2 and pollutants sources mitigation. With 12 million of people, Paris (France) is the second megacity in Europe. In 2016, two pollution events occured in the Paris region during which the instrumental platform OCAPI (http://observations.ipsl.fr/composition-atmospherique-en-idf.html) from IPSL (Institut Pierre Simon Laplace) was mobilized in collaboration with air quality governing actors (AIRPARIF, INERIS) to collect a bunch of observations. Five sites located in the urban, peri-urban and rural areas of Paris were equiped with in-situ analyzers (CO2, CO, black carbon, 13CO2, COS) ; Fourier transform spectrometers for column measurements (XCO2, XCO, XCOS), particle filters (for aerosols size and content analysis) ; air samples (levoglucosan, 14CO2, VOCs) ; and Lidar profilers (boundary layer height ; wind profiles). These data, combined with a backtrajectories analysis, give information about the dynamical processes that lead to the formation of the pollution events and on the contribution of local, regional and remote sources. The analysis of the correlations between the trace species and of the isotopic content of carbon in CO2 provides further clues on the nature of the anthropogenic and biogenic sources involved in the urban pollution events. Especially, the role of agricultural spreading through the observation of ammonium nitrate particles and the contribution of biomass burning through levoglucosan and black carbon measurements will be discussed

HyMeX, le cycle de l'eau méditerranéen à la loupe

International audienceD'initiative française, le projet international HyMeX a pour objectif d'améliorer la compréhension du cycle de l'eau en Méditerranée, de sa variabilité, de l'échelle de l'événement météorologique aux échelles saisonnières et interannuelles, et de ses caractéristiques sur une décennie, dans un contexte de changement global. Le projet est motivé par le rôle déterminant des processus de mésoéchelle, couplés entre l'atmosphère, la mer et la terre, sur la variabilité du système climatique et sur le déclenchement d'événements hydrométéorologiques extrêmes (précipitations et inondations, vents forts et convection océanique, canicules et sécheresses). Le projet vise enfin à évaluer les conséquences de ces événements extrêmes sur la vulnérabilité sociale et économique de cette région et sa capacité d'adaptation

MED-CORDEX initiative for Mediterranean Climate studies

Since the early' 90s, a number of research projects have focused on downscaling global climate simulations over the Euro-Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean region is considered as particularly sensitive and vulnerable to climate variability and change, in particular, because of its vulnerability to changes in the water cycle. The Mediterranean basin has a quite unique character resulting from both orographic conditions and demographic trends. The region features an enclosed sea, which is connected to the Atlantic ocean only by Gibraltar strait, surrounded by highly urbanized littorals and complex topography and coaslines, from which numerous rivers feed the Mediterranean sea. This results in many interactions and feedbacks across ocean-atmosphere-land processes that play a prominent role in determining the Mediterranean climate and, in turn, its impact on natural ecosystems and human activities. Therefore, MedCORDEX deals with a unique region where downscaling of global climate simulations needs to consider both, high fine scale forcings and the interactions across different components of the regional earth system (atmosphere, ocean, rivers, aerosols etc.). In order to describe the main features of MED-CORDEX, ehre we present illustrative examples from the first inter-comparison of several coupled and un-coupled regional simulations of present day climate over the MED-CORDEX domain. Relevant atmospheric and oceanic processes have been analyzed to provide an evaluation of the skill of Regional Climate System Models for the Mediterranean region.JRC.D.2-Water and Marine Resource

MED-CORDEX initiative for Mediterranean Climate studies.

International audienceThe Mediterranean is expected to be one of the most prominent and vulnerable climate change “hot spots” of the 21st century, and the physical mechanisms underlying this finding are still not clear. Furthermore complex interactions and feedbacks involving ocean-atmosphere-land-biogeochemical processes play a prominent role in modulating the climate and environment of the Mediterranean region on a range of spatial and temporal scales. Therefore it is critical to provide robust climate change information for use in Vulnerability/Impact/Adaptation assessment studies considering the Mediterranean as a fully coupled environmental system. The Med-CORDEX initiative aims at coordinating the Mediterranean climate modeling community towards the development of fully coupled regional climate simulations, improving all relevant components of the system, from atmosphere and ocean dynamics to land surface, hydrology and biogeochemical processes. The primary goals of Med-CORDEX are to improve understanding of past climate variability and trends, and to provide more accurate and reliable future projections, assessing in a quantitative and robust way the added value of using high resolution and coupled regional climate models. The coordination activities and the scientific outcomes of Med-CORDEX can produce an important framework to foster the development of regional earth system models in several key regions worldwide