Microvascular Changes in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis as Shown in Nail Fold Capillaroscopy

P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Participants had a mean age of 44.2

Urbanization dynamics of Tehran city (1975–2015) using artificial neural networks

Land-use dynamic is a major challenge for town and country planners especially in developing countries such as Iran. Iran has been under rapid urban expansion and population growth for past three decades which led to lack of resources, environmental deterioration and haphazard landscape development. In this paper, an attempt has been made to map the urbanization dynamics of Tehran in 40 years based on remote sensing imagery and by means of artificial neural networks. The presented scheme could be taken into consideration when planning initiatives aimed at surveying, monitoring, managing and sustainable development of the territory. Moreover, it can serve the experts in the fields of geography, urban studies and planning as a background for number of geographical analyses

Antioxidant effect of genistein on ovarian tissue morphology, oxidant and antioxidant activity in rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Oxidative stress is the most frequent cause of female infertility disorders including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Genistein as a major component of soybean isoflavone scavenges free radicals by antioxidant activities. Objective: The present study examines the antioxidant effects of genistein on ovarian tissue following experimental PCOS in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty female Wistar rat were randomly divided into the following groups (n=5 each group): (I) control group (no treatment); (II) induced PCOS (injection of estradiol valerate); (III) genistein-treated non-PCOS (received genistein); and (IV) genistein-treated PCOS groups. The weight of rats were measured and the blood samples collected and centrifuged. The oxidant and antioxidant activity of plasma and ovaries were measured. All rats were sacrificed under anesthesia, and ovaries were collected and weighted. Histological examination and follicular qualitywere assessed by staining. Results: In histological observation, the induced PCOS rats displayed more number of atretic follicles and the follicular quality in genistein-treated rats was similar to the control groups. The plasma and ovaries malondialdehyde levels significantly increased in PCOS rats (p < 0.001), while the total antioxidant capacity levels, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The plasma and ovary  malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased in PCOS rats that were treated with genistein (p < 0.001) and the total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities significantly increased (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Treatment with genistein preserved follicular quality by increasing antioxidant activities and scavenging oxidant levels in PCOS rats. Key words: Genistein, Antioxidant, Ovary, Polycystic, Follicle, Rats

Nail fold Capillaroscopic Findings in Iranian Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a progressive autoimmune disease with a wide range of morphological and functional changes in microscopic examination of small blood vessels. Identification of vascular diseases at early stage, plays an essential role in the prevention of its’ vascular complications. Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a non-invasive, easy, painless, and accurate method for evaluation of microcirculation and could be used for this purpose. The vast majority of studies on capillaroscopy in lupus patients have shown that changes are not specified to lupus –unlike Systemic Sclerosis- and are more likely to overlap with other diseases. Therefore, it was decided to check capillaroscopic changes and evaluate morphological changes and capillary structure in terms of quality and quantity in lupus patients.Materials and Methods: Nail fold capillaroscopic findings of 114 patients aged 19-75 years old were reviewed in this study. The results were categorized as: a) normal, b) non-specific morphological abnormalities, and c) Scleroderma-like pattern.  Results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using SPSS 21 software. "Chi square" test was used to analyze the relationships between variables (P<0.05 was considered significant).Results: Our results show that Lupus –independent of any other microvascular risk factor can significantly affect the morphology and structure of blood circulation and these changes are shown with detail by nail fold capillaroscopy.Conclusion: Most of the findings are in line with similar studies performed by other investigators in this field. However, no specific pattern was recognized and microbleeding was higher in our patients with scleroderma-like pattern of involvement

Examining the authority and authority of judges in terms of independence, science and ijtihad in jurisprudence and law

One of the reasons that makes the position of the judiciary valuable is the issue of the implementation of Islamic justice, which we can only achieve by having fair judges with the condition of judicial independence; And this issue is one of the important goals of this research and is of special importance in the current era; And it doubles the need for our attention and research. According to the subject of the research, the method of collecting materials is documentary and library method in such a way that first the desired sources are studied and where necessary, research is done on the material. The research method is descriptive-analytical. First, the required resources are selected from electronic libraries, articles and dissertations, and after studying and separating the required material, based on the inductive method, analytical and necessary filing of the required resources is completed and compiled. This research tries to answer the question: what is the jurisprudential and legal study of the independence, science and ijtihad of judges? And what are the legal jurisprudential bases of judges' independence? What we have reached about the nature of the judge's knowledge in this study is that the expressions in Articles 211 and 212 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 indicate that from the legislative point of view, what is the basis for producing knowledge for the judge is evidence and the UAE typically The science is the result of judicial research. Also, the results of the research showed that the expressions in Articles 211 and 212 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 indicate that from the legislator's point of view, what is the basis for producing knowledge for the judge is evidence and the UAE is typically knowledgeable as a result of judicial investigation. In the current laws and procedures of the judiciary, the mujtahid of a judge is not considered a necessary condition for holding the position of judge

Examining the authority and authority of judges in terms of independence, science and ijtihad in jurisprudence and law

One of the reasons that makes the position of the judiciary valuable is the issue of the implementation of Islamic justice, which we can only achieve by having fair judges with the condition of judicial independence; And this issue is one of the important goals of this research and is of special importance in the current era; And it doubles the need for our attention and research. According to the subject of the research, the method of collecting materials is documentary and library method in such a way that first the desired sources are studied and where necessary, research is done on the material. The research method is descriptive-analytical. First, the required resources are selected from electronic libraries, articles and dissertations, and after studying and separating the required material, based on the inductive method, analytical and necessary filing of the required resources is completed and compiled. This research tries to answer the question: what is the jurisprudential and legal study of the independence, science and ijtihad of judges? And what are the legal jurisprudential bases of judges' independence? What we have reached about the nature of the judge's knowledge in this study is that the expressions in Articles 211 and 212 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 indicate that from the legislative point of view, what is the basis for producing knowledge for the judge is evidence and the UAE typically The science is the result of judicial research. Also, the results of the research showed that the expressions in Articles 211 and 212 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 indicate that from the legislator's point of view, what is the basis for producing knowledge for the judge is evidence and the UAE is typically knowledgeable as a result of judicial investigation. In the current laws and procedures of the judiciary, the mujtahid of a judge is not considered a necessary condition for holding the position of judge

Examining the authority and authority of judges in terms of independence, science and ijtihad in jurisprudence and law

One of the reasons that makes the position of the judiciary valuable is the issue of the implementation of Islamic justice, which we can only achieve by having fair judges with the condition of judicial independence; And this issue is one of the important goals of this research and is of special importance in the current era; And it doubles the need for our attention and research. According to the subject of the research, the method of collecting materials is documentary and library method in such a way that first the desired sources are studied and where necessary, research is done on the material. The research method is descriptive-analytical. First, the required resources are selected from electronic libraries, articles and dissertations, and after studying and separating the required material, based on the inductive method, analytical and necessary filing of the required resources is completed and compiled. This research tries to answer the question: what is the jurisprudential and legal study of the independence, science and ijtihad of judges? And what are the legal jurisprudential bases of judges' independence? What we have reached about the nature of the judge's knowledge in this study is that the expressions in Articles 211 and 212 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 indicate that from the legislative point of view, what is the basis for producing knowledge for the judge is evidence and the UAE typically The science is the result of judicial research. Also, the results of the research showed that the expressions in Articles 211 and 212 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 indicate that from the legislator's point of view, what is the basis for producing knowledge for the judge is evidence and the UAE is typically knowledgeable as a result of judicial investigation. In the current laws and procedures of the judiciary, the mujtahid of a judge is not considered a necessary condition for holding the position of judge

Structural Model of Social, Physical and Mental Health and Physical Image Evaluation with Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of Limitations due to Chronic Pain of Elderly

Background: Chronic pain in the elderly leads to spending plenty of time and money, using health services, negative emotions, as well as reducing the quality of life and malfunctioning in the family. This study aimed to design a model of social, physical, and mental health and physical image evaluation with quality of life: the mediating role of limitations due to chronic pain of elderly in Tehran. Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical, retrospective study with a structural modeling approach that was performed on 270 elderly people (138 females and 132 males) between 60 and 70 years old living in Tehran. The sampling method was cluster random and convenience. To collect the data used Keyes social health questionnaire, Ware and Sherbourne health assessment questionnaire 36- SF, Body image evaluation of Godoosi, Manouchehri chronic pain limitation, and WHO elderly quality of life scales. Data analysis was performed using SPSS22 and Amos software through structural modeling using path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The restriction variable due to chronic pain showed a negative relationship with physical and mental health (Pvalue<0.01, β =-0.734), evaluation of body image (Pvalue<0.01, β =-0.676), and social health (Pvalue<0.01, β =-0.691) in the quality of life of the elderly. A strong positive correlation (0.694 to 0.764) was obtained between the predictor variables (physical-mental health surveying, body image valuation, and social health) at a significance level of less than 0.01. Conclusions: The quality of life of the elderly was moderate and low; findings showed limitations caused by chronic pain are moderate the relationship of the quality of life in elderly with social, physical, mental health, and physical image evaluation. Keywords: Social health, Physical-mental health, Body image evaluation, Limitation due to chronic pain, Quality of lif

Acute toxicity bioassay of the mercury chloride and copper Sulphate in Rutilus caspicus and Rutilus kutum

The purpose of the present study was to determine the acute toxicity (LC50) of HgCl2 and CuSO4 in Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus) and CuSO4 in Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum). The Caspian roach LC50 values for HgCl2 at 24, 48, 72, and 96-hrs of exposure, were 0.64, 0.61, 0.42, and 0.28 mg L-1, respectively, and for CuSO4 were 11.55, 5.08, 2.49, and 1.47 mg L-1, respectively. The Caspian roach LC50 values for CuSO4 at 24, 48, 72, and 96-hrs of exposure, were 5.31, 4.17, 3.20, and 2.25 mg L-1, respectively. The results of this study showed that the toxicity of HgCl2 is higher than that of CuSO4 for the studied species. The mortality decreased with time, and most of the deaths were occurred during the first 24 hrs