Review and show distribution pattern of marine fish larvae of Iranian coastal waters Persian Gulf by GIS

The survey of fish larva in Iranian water has done from 1995 till 2007. The aims of this study were included of identification, abundance, diversity index and distribution of fish larva in Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf. In all research, sampling was done by Bongo net in day time. Totally 119006 specimen was collected and identified in 54 fish larva family from 90 stations. Gobiidae, Engraulididae ، Leiognathidae، Sparidae، Sillaginidae، Clupeidae, Cynoglossidae، Sciaenidae were the dominate families with higher abundance. 83342 specimen was collected from Khuzestan waters (higher than others) in 27 family, 26797 specimen in 52 fish larva family in Bushehr waters. The result of GIS map was shown; Clupeidae with three subfamily distributed in all Iranian waters with more abundance in summer and autumn, Sillaginidae was percent in all study area with more abundance in Bushehr waters, Gobiidae was in estuary habitat with higher abundance in Khuzestan waters in warm period, Sparidae distributed in the Persian gulf in more month of year, Engraulididae was collected from area with more abundance from Hormozgan with two spawning peaks; spring and autumn. Cynoglossidae with higher abundance from Khuzestan waters, Leiognathidae in Khuzestan waters was in warm period and in others site in all month. Sciaenidae was in Hormozgan more than others area. Mosa Creek-Estuary in Khuzestan with homogeny habitat was attractive the family related to the shore and muddy kind family, such as: Gobiidae, Leiognathidae whereas Bushehr waters with variety of habitat; Creek-Estuary, mangrove forest, rocky coral, coral path was attractive more family with different groups such as: lutjanidae ، Cepolidae ، Apogonidae، Lethrinidae and Atherinidae that some case only recorded from Bushehr in Persian gulf. Coastal waters of Bushehr province habitat was affected of sea waves and current therefore the abundance of family lower than Khuzestan waters except in some deeper stations. Finally there are different occasions influencing on fish larvae percent, abundance and distribution of them that are include: abiotic factors (temperature, salinity, depth and clarity), habitat, adult spawning behavior, morphologic characters of coastal area, In addition, from the type and geomorphologic structure of marine – coastal area, the difference between abundance and diversity of ichthyoplankton in two main coasts group as name wave dominant (open coasts) and tide dominant 9semi closed coasts) have harmony with together and are clear

Determination of effective parameters on growth and bloom forming of Cochlodinium polykrikoides

Although the most alga blooms usually provide positive impacts on marine ecosystems, but blooming of certain species of algae may also have negative impacts which evidence suggests that over the past few decades the frequency and duration of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) have been increasing both nationally and worldwide. Harmful algal blooms of Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were first observed in 2008. In order to provide optimum growth and bloom forming, C. polykrikoides cells were sampled during the bloom conditions in the coastal waters of Bandar Abbass, Qeshm and Hourmoz Islands from March 2012 to June 2015. After sampling, the samples transferred to Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute phytoplankton Lab and adapted to filtered seawater. In Phycolab, they isolated and purified by positive phototropism characteristic of species to light. They were grown in modified media culture at different salinities (30, 32 and 35ppt), temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 28ºC) and intensities (35, 70 and 90 µmol m^-2s^-1). During this study 3 Dinoflagellates species were identified in Hormozgan Coastal waters. The first species was Noctiluca scintillans. This species was alive in F/4 media culture and under the 32ppt salinity, 25°C temperature, and an 11h light: 13h dark photoperiod regime only for 4 months. The second species was Protoperidinium quinquecorne and produced temporal blooms that could not be isolated under usual and modified media cultures. The last Dinoflagellates species that caused spreading blooms in Hormozgan Coastal waters and could be possible to isolate was Cochlodinium polykrikoides. The results clearly showed that the best media culture for growth of this species is A2 and the highest alga biomass was obtained following culture under the 32ppt salinity, 26°C temperature, and under an 11h light: 13h dark photoperiod regime at a light intensity of 90 µmol m^-2s^-1 provided by cool white fluorescent tubes. Maximum cell density of C. polykrikoides in a 5 liter Erlenmeyer for 12 days reached to 1.6 × 106 cell L^−1 with 2-12 and occasionally to 16 cells chain. Based on the results from the present study, providing suitable media culture and physical condition, bloom forming of C. polykrikoides start from day 8 and will be continued until day 24

Study of diversity & abundance of ichthyoplankton in Sistan & Baluchestan Province (phase: Guatr Creek & Bay)

Identification & determination of abundance Ichthyoplankton in Gouatr (Creek & Estuary) in Chahdahar region was carried out from Octber 2005 to September 2006. Sampling period was seasonal and 6 stations were selected. Sampling stations no. 1, 2 ,4 were located in the sea waters of Creek , no.5 & 6 in Gouatr Estuary and no.3 was near to Bahokalat Estuary. The results of environmental factors measurement were as follaws: Main depth of area: 4m, Salinity: 37.08 (g/l), pH: 8.19, air temperature: 29.8? and water temperature: 27.3?, Clarity: 0.75m Sampling was conducted using single ring Bongo-net with 333µ of mesh size. Totally, 585 specimens of diverse fish larvae stages were collected in 20 sampling. The dominant families of fish larvae were Gobiidae, Clupeidae and Engraulidae with 86% of total abundance and 11 families of fish larvae were identified. Most of the fish larvae were observed in winter season and some of them such as Clupeidae, Gobiidae, Blennidae Engraulididae and Sillaginidae were found in most season. The stage of the most samples was Preflexion (87%) therefore , the area is a nursery ground. Commercial fish larvae were carangidea, Sparidae, Clupeidae, Sillaginidae, Hemiramphidae, Engraulidae and Nemeptridae but they were only 37% from total abundance. The main diversity was 0. 6236. There is no correlation between abundance, temperature and salinity. The results showed a significant different between abundance from pre monsoon and post monsoon but no significant different between diversity in pre monsoon and post monsoon

Phytoplankton, zooplankton and ichthyoplankton abundance, distribution and diversity investigation in the Iranian waters of the Oman Sea

This study was carried out in the North of Oman Sea in parts of Iranian waters during pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons between 2007 and 2009. Number of 10 transects were chosen from coastal to maximum 50 meter depth. Cruise was done with Fredous ship and Rosette bottle multi watersampler was used for sampling. A phytoplankton community in the North of Oman Sea included in 204 species and divided in six taxonomic divisions: Bacillariophyceae (89 species), Dinophyceae (105species), Cyanophyceae (6species), Dicthyochophyceae (2species), Euglenaphyceae and silicoflagellate each (1species) respectively. Density decreased in most transects from inshore toward offshore waters and maximum density was in surface layear.Significant differences between each transects were found. Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were dominant in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon respectively throughout two years. Important genuses of diatoms are Rhizosolenia, Chaetoceros, Pleurosigma, Coscinodiscus, Gyrosigma, Nitzscha, Navicula, and Leptocylindrus. And also there were Dinophyceae like: Scrippsiella, Pyrophacus, Gymnodinium, Pyrodinium, Prorocentrum, Cochlodinium, and Noctiluca. Phytoplankton density in the post-monsoon were recorded higher than pre-monsoon, furthermore phytoplankton density in 2009 was more than 2007. Cochlodinium polykrikoides density increased in 2009 especially in the pre-monsoon then dropped to post-monsoon season. Zooplankton population in this study is characterized by 8 phylum, 8 classes, 15 orders, 35 families and 78 genuses. Copepoda was the most abundant group of zooplankton and included in 4 orders of Cyclopoida, Calanoida, Poecilostomatoid and Harpacticoida. The static result showed significance among different transects layers and lines. In this study, 31 ichthyoplankton families with different density and distribution were recorded. In the pre-monsoon eight families was identified and Scainidaea family had the highest density and also in postmonsoon 6 families was classified in which scainidae was dominant family. In pre-monsoon 2009, we found 8 families that Pomacentridae family had higher density; Hemiramophidae was in the second position and followed by Clupeidae. In post-monsoon season density and diversity were increased and 23 families were recorded. Myctophidae family was the most abundant. The highest frequency there was other important families like Engraulidae, Synodontidae, Scainidae, and Leiognathidae in this period. Result of this study indicated that the monsoon was important and effect on abundance, distribution and species composition of plankton

Study on fauna and flora community of the Iranian coastal zones

The report provides comprehensive information and exclusive native species and their status in terms of protection, browse and view Resorts® reserve forest vegetation and coastal areas of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea and Caspian Sea is mentioned. In a series of studies including field trips, collect and identify plants in Iran, the list has been presented since 1362 to date in the form of plans and programs identify plants is planned. It should be noted that all identified studies and knowledge of plants and notes as well as an identification key based on the information contained in Flora Iranica valuable book written K.H. Rechinger plays a key role and is essential to identify the plants. along with scientific names, synonyms and names mentioned Farsi and English with the geographic distribution is presented according to two area Shmnaly and south. Based on existing resources, conservation status of species under national legislation and international and native status (Endemic) and biological values and biodiversity of geographically referenced

Environmental and ecological studies in northern Alborz (Golestan Province)

Caspian Sea with an area of 400 thousand square kilometers is the largest lake in the world. The Caspian Sea about 1200 km from north to south on the longest section and an average width of 320 km. Along the coastline around the Caspian Sea is about 6500 kilometers. Caspian Sea is about 78,000 cubic kilometers of water volume that is 44% of stocks of blue lakes around the world. Caspian Sea basin, which is composed of seven major basins of the main watershed from west to east are: juniper, Talsh- Anzali, large Sefidrood between Haraz Sefid and, Hraz- Gharehsou, Nagorno Sv- Gorgan and Atrak in the basin of Aras no limits to the beach. Aras sub-basin is located in the North West and Iran, the second largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Talysh-Anzali on the Caspian Sea basin West and the seventh largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. White basin is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea and the extent of the sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Haraz located in the south Caspian Sea basin and the ninth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Gorgan is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea basin and the fourth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. In these areas, about 28 percent of the total fish production in the northern waters of aquatic allocated

Providing database of Iranian fish larvae under Iranian fisheries research organization net work

This project prepared and implemented during 2013-16 with emphasis on to provide the results of the fish larva projects (identification, abundance and distribution) in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman which as well as had already been done by Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute and affiliated research institutes and centers . Since each marine fish stocks management requires increased knowledge of the life cycle and be complete biological information, obviously implementation and increased field research is essential, on the other hand the results and the availability of data and information to operation and coordination with the scientific community at national and international levels is of particular importance. This is on condition that currently, due to the increasing trend researchers and students Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, the availability of data resulting from studies and research projects and initiatives will be necessary. The site is currently only in view of identification and distribution of marine fish larva has been prepared in Farsi with photo gallery, and English language development and preparation of the site for the international operation there. It is worth mentioning in the same areas and the same site adjacent seas of fish larvae has not been prepared and is not available. So this site can also be considered as reference area. This site is available for researchers, scientist and students as address: http://ifl.ifro.ir

Tracking the impacts of climate change on human health via indicators: lessons from the Lancet Countdown

Background: In the past decades, climate change has been impacting human lives and health via extreme weather and climate events and alterations in labour capacity, food security, and the prevalence and geographical distribution of infectious diseases across the globe. Climate change and health indicators (CCHIs) are workable tools designed to capture the complex set of interdependent interactions through which climate change is affecting human health. Since 2015, a novel sub-set of CCHIs, focusing on climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability indicators (CCIEVIs) has been developed, refined, and integrated by Working Group 1 of the “Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change”, an international collaboration across disciplines that include climate, geography, epidemiology, occupation health, and economics. / Discussion: This research in practice article is a reflective narrative documenting how we have developed CCIEVIs as a discrete set of quantifiable indicators that are updated annually to provide the most recent picture of climate change’s impacts on human health. In our experience, the main challenge was to define globally relevant indicators that also have local relevance and as such can support decision making across multiple spatial scales. We found a hazard, exposure, and vulnerability framework to be effective in this regard. We here describe how we used such a framework to define CCIEVIs based on both data availability and the indicators’ relevance to climate change and human health. We also report on how CCIEVIs have been improved and added to, detailing the underlying data and methods, and in doing so provide the defining quality criteria for Lancet Countdown CCIEVIs. / Conclusions: Our experience shows that CCIEVIs can effectively contribute to a world-wide monitoring system that aims to track, communicate, and harness evidence on climate-induced health impacts towards effective intervention strategies. An ongoing challenge is how to improve CCIEVIs so that the description of the linkages between climate change and human health can become more and more comprehensive

Tracking the impacts of climate change on human health via indicators: lessons from the Lancet Countdown

Background: In the past decades, climate change has been impacting human lives and health via extreme weather and climate events and alterations in labour capacity, food security, and the prevalence and geographical distribution of infectious diseases across the globe. Climate change and health indicators (CCHIs) are workable tools designed to capture the complex set of interdependent interactions through which climate change is affecting human health. Since 2015, a novel sub-set of CCHIs, focusing on climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability indicators (CCIEVIs) has been developed, refined, and integrated by Working Group 1 of the “Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change”, an international collaboration across disciplines that include climate, geography, epidemiology, occupation health, and economics. Discussion: This research in practice article is a reflective narrative documenting how we have developed CCIEVIs as a discrete set of quantifiable indicators that are updated annually to provide the most recent picture of climate change’s impacts on human health. In our experience, the main challenge was to define globally relevant indicators that also have local relevance and as such can support decision making across multiple spatial scales. We found a hazard, exposure, and vulnerability framework to be effective in this regard. We here describe how we used such a framework to define CCIEVIs based on both data availability and the indicators’ relevance to climate change and human health. We also report on how CCIEVIs have been improved and added to, detailing the underlying data and methods, and in doing so provide the defining quality criteria for Lancet Countdown CCIEVIs. Conclusions: Our experience shows that CCIEVIs can effectively contribute to a world-wide monitoring system that aims to track, communicate, and harness evidence on climate-induced health impacts towards effective intervention strategies. An ongoing challenge is how to improve CCIEVIs so that the description of the linkages between climate change and human health can become more and more comprehensive

The 2018 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come

The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change was established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the health dimensions of the impacts of, and the response to, climate change. The Lancet Countdown tracks 41 indicators across five domains: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; finance and economics; and public and political engagement. This report is the product of a collaboration of 27 leading academic institutions, the UN, and intergovernmental agencies from every continent. The report draws on world-class expertise from climate scientists, ecologists, mathematicians, geographers, engineers, energy, food, livestock, and transport experts, economists, social and political scientists, public health professionals, and. doctors. The Lancet Countdown’s work builds on decades of research in this field, and was first proposed in the 2015 Lancet Commission on health and climate change,1 which documented the human impacts of climate change and provided ten global recommendations to respond to this public health emergency and secure the public health benefits available (panel 1)