Edifício São Vito: poder público, imprensa e estigmatização | The São Vito Building: public power, the press and stigmatization

A partir dos anos 1980, a prefeitura de São Paulo empreendeu um projeto de urbanização para o Parque Dom Pedro II que teve continuidade ao longo de várias administrações. Nesse contexto, propuseram-se, diversas vezes, intervenções no Edifício São Vito, vizinho ao parque. Esse grande edifício de quitinetes, construído na década de 1950, sendo local de moradia de uma população de baixo poder aquisitivo, foi demolido em 2010. O imóvel ficou conhecido como uma ocupação irregular e perigosa, embora fosse habitado predominantemente por proprietários e inquilinos formais.  A construção desse estigma, com a participação decisiva da imprensa, foi fundamental para justificar as duas tentativas de intervenção pública no prédio, ocorridas, respectivamente, nas décadas de 1980 e 2000. O caso relativamente recente, ainda que um tanto esquecido, leva à percepção de que ideias reproduzidas como “senso comum” são, na realidade, cuidadosamente elaboradas e incorrem na naturalização de noções que nada têm de consensuais

Entre a praça e o largo: artistas e intelectuais na formação de dois “berços” do samba

Comparando a Praça Onze e o Largo da Banana, este artigo analisa as negociações assimétricas entre sambistas negros e intelectuais brancos na consolidação desses espaços como “berços” do samba, conduzidas nos Museu da Imagem e do Som do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. Projetos de história oral realizados entre os anos 1960 e 1980 ambicionavam formalizar uma narrativa a partir dos mesmos parâmetros acerca da autenticidade da cultura popular, mas produziram efeitos diversos, relacionados com o modo como as identidades étnico-raciais se constituíram nas duas cidades.[Este artigo resulta de reflexões conjuntas relacionadas com nossas pesquisas de doutorado, financiadas pela Fapesp (Processos n. 16/ 26239-8 e 16/02062-1), e com o pós-doutorado realizado no Lemann Center for Brazilian Studies da University of Illinois pela autora. Agradecemos a essas instituições os financiamentos dos projetos.]By comparing Praça Onze and Largo da Banana, this article analyzes the asymmetric negotiations between black musicians and white intellectuals involved with the consecration of those places into “cradles” of samba at the units of Museu da Imagem e do Som in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Oral history projects from the 1960s to the 1980s aimed at creating a narrative based on the popular culture authenticity’s parameters, but creates different results, related to the ethnic and racial identities in both cities

Amamentação na infância e obesidade na idade escolar em famílias de alto nível socioeconômico

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between breastfeeding and obesity in school-age children from Brazilian families of high socioeconomic status. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 555 students aged six to 14 years from a private school in the city of Sao Paulo. Obesity - the outcome variable - was defined as body mass index at or above the 85th centile plus sub scapular and triceps skin folds at or above the 90th centile using the sex and age specific standards of the US National Center for Health Statistics. Exposure was the frequency and duration of breastfeeding. Potential confounders, controlled for using multiple logistic regression, included child sex, age, birthweight, and dietary and physical activity patterns, and maternal age, body mass index, schooling, and practice of sports or physical exercise. RESULTS: Prevalence of obesity in the studied population was 26%. After confounder adjustment, the risk of obesity in children that had never been breastfed was twice that of other children (OR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.02; 4.16). There was no dose-response effect of duration of breastfeeding on prevalence of child obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Children who were never breastfed showed greater prevalence of obesity at school age. The absence of a dose-response effect in the relationship between duration of breastfeeding and prevalence of obesity and the still controversial findings regarding this association reported by other authors indicate a need for further studies on the subject, in particular studies with longitudinal design.OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre exposição ao aleitamento materno na infância e a obesidade na idade escolar em crianças de famílias brasileiras de alto nível socioeconômico. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal envolvendo 555 crianças com idades entre seis e 14 anos, estudantes de uma escola particular situada na cidade de São Paulo. A obesidade - variável desfecho do estudo - foi definida como Índice de Massa Corporal >; percentil 85, aliado a valores de pregas cutâneas >; percentil 90, em ambos os casos adotando-se como referência o padrão "National Center for Health Statistics" segundo idade e sexo. A exposição ao aleitamento materno considerou a freqüência e duração da amamentação. Potenciais variáveis de confundimento - sexo, idade, peso ao nascer, padrão alimentar e de atividade física das crianças e idade, índice de massa corporal, escolaridade e padrão de atividade física das mães - foram controladas por meio de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de obesidade na população estudada foi de 26%. Após o controle das potenciais variáveis de confundimento, o risco de obesidade em crianças que nunca receberam aleitamento materno foi duas vezes superior (OR=2,06; IC 95%: 1,02; 4,16) ao risco das demais crianças. Não se encontrou efeito dose-resposta na associação entre duração do aleitamento e obesidade na idade escolar. CONCLUSÕES: Crianças e adolescentes que nunca receberam aleitamento materno têm maior ocorrência de obesidade na idade escolar. A ausência de efeito dose-resposta na relação entre duração da amamentação e obesidade na idade escolar e os achados ainda controversos sobre essa associação indicam a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o tema, em particular estudos longitudinais

West Nile Fever Virus Infection in Horses in São Paulo State, Brazil

Background: The West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies were reported in Brazil in the serum samples taken from horses and birds in the Midwest region and Paraíba state in 2008 and 2013, respectively. In 2014, the first human case was confirmed in a rural worker in the state of Piauí and, in 2018, the virus was isolated from the central nervous system of a horse with nervous symptoms in the state of Espírito Santo. The virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family of the genus Flavivirus (neurotropic), infecting several mammalian species, with humans and horses being the most susceptible. Approximately 35% of horses develop clinical signs, thus they are considered the best sentinels for this disease. The aim of this case report is to describe the first confirmed cases of West Nile Fever (WNF) in two horses in the state of São Paulo.Cases: Two horses with neurological symptoms were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Cruzeiro do Sul University (São Paulo, SP), in 2019. Both horses came from neighboring regions that have a large Atlantic Forest preservation area and are also routes for migratory birds, known to be competent hosts for transmitting the West Nile Fever virus, such as the swallow, the falcon and the hawk. The first one had symptoms, such as weakness and sporadic seizures; however, after recovering, it was hospitalized a few days later due to kidney failure and laminitis. The second one showed incoordination, pelvic limb weakness, and was walking in circles, evolving to seizures. Both animals were euthanized, and their central nervous system samples and total blood samples were tested for rabies, herpes virus, and WNV; the first 2 tests showed negative results. Ribonucleic acids (RNA) were extracted from erythrocytes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in-house. The WNV-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification products were obtained using the nested PCR-multiplex PCR combination.Discussion: Since the 1940s, several WNF outbreaks have been reported around the world (Africa, Europe, Asia and Middle East). In the 2000s, the USA had the most amount of WNF cases reported; cases started being reported in Central and South America in the following years. The virus was identified for the first time in Brazil in 2014. Since then, our country is a route for migratory birds, with many states still having forests, several arboviruses are found such as WNF, which could become a public health problem. Both horses in the present study showed neurological signs and the horse that recovered had renal failure. Such signs are inconclusive, however, similar to those that occur in humans infected by the virus in its neurotropic form. The emergence of new diseases is an important aspect of public health. The literature is vast regarding the description of the pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, viral persistence and sequelae of WNF in humans, however, it is scarce regarding the viral persistence and sequelae of the disease in horses. Future studies are needed to understand the post-infection period in horses, as they are the most sensitive animals along with humans to this virus. Here, we report the first confirmed cases of WNF in the city of São Paulo to bring awareness about considering this disease while diagnosing horses with nervous system disorders.Keywords: encephalitis, horses, flavivirus, mosquito.Título: Infecção pelo vírus da Febre do Nilo Ocidental em equinos no Estado de São PauloDescritores: encefalite, equinos, flavivírus, mosquito

Primary splenic angiosarcoma: a rare entity often associated with rupture and hemoperitoneum

Primary splenic angiosarcoma (PSA) is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin associated with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. The clinical presentation is usually non-specific and is mostly characterized by a wasting disease with anemia and splenomegaly, mimicking a wide range of entities. The authors present the case of an 80-year-old woman with cardiovascular comorbidities with a 6-month history of weight loss, fatigue, weakness, pallor, and abdominal pain. The physical examination showed massive splenomegaly and pallor. After a thorough evaluation that ruled out lymphoproliferative diseases, the working diagnosis was a myelodysplastic disorder. A few days after discharge, she returned to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain, worsening fatigue, and a remarkable pallor. Point-of-care ultrasound showed free intraperitoneal fluid. Spleen rupture was confirmed by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, and an emergency laparotomy with splenectomy was performed. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient recovered in a few days. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of PSA and the patient was referred to an oncological center. Two months later staging CT demonstrated liver and peritoneal metastases, and despite the chemotherapy she died 6 months after the diagnosis

Incidência da Depressão após a pandemia no Brasil

Introdução: Após a identificação inicial em dezembro de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan, província de Hubei localizada na China Central, o Vírus intitulado como SARS-CoV-2 desencadeou a COVID-19, a qual rapidamente se espalhou pelo mundo. Objetivo: Identificar a incidência de depressão após o período pandêmico. Método: Revisão bibliográfica da literatura realizada em janeiro de 2023 nas bases de dados BVS, MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF através dos seguintes DeCS: “COVID-19”, “Saúde Mental”, “Qualidade de vida” combinados entre si pelo operador booleano AND. Foram encontrados 55 estudos e após aplicar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 8 estudos para compor a revisão. Utilizou-se como pergunta norteadora: “Houve um aumento na incidência da depressão após o período pandêmico?” Resultados: O advento da pandemia da COVID-19 ocasionou um impacto significativo no que tange a saúde mental da população. As pesquisas demonstram que a saúde mental foi impactada pelos distúrbios no sono, econômicos e por meio do desenvolvimento de patologias como a depressão. O grupo mais atingido por essas alterações significativas no estilo de vida comum foram os jovens. Nota-se comumente que essa piora na saúde mental esteve relacionada com os desafios da adesão às recomendações de saúde comportamentais. Conclusão: Compreende-se a partir dos fatores mencionados que os sintomas depressivos e os hábitos comportamentais estão relacionados, os quais foram desencadeados pelas medidas e restrições adotadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Observou-se ao longo desse estudo que o comportamento sexual e a autopercepção dos indivíduos também sofreram alterações

Quantifying and mapping species threat abatement opportunitiesto support national target setting

The successful implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity’s post-2020Global Biodiversity Framework will rely on effective translation of targets from global tonational level and increased engagement across diverse sectors of society. Species conserva-tion targets require policy support measures that can be applied to a diversity of taxonomicgroups, that link action targets to outcome goals, and that can be applied to both global andnational data sets to account for national context, which the species threat abatement andrestoration (STAR) metric does. To test the flexibility of STAR, we applied the metric to vascular plants listed on national red lists of Brazil, Norway, and South Africa. The STARmetric uses data on species’ extinction risk, distributions, and threats, which we obtainedfrom national red lists to quantify the contribution that threat abatement and habitatrestoration activities could make to reducing species’ extinction risk. Across all 3 coun-tries, the greatest opportunity for reducing plant species’ extinction risk was from abatingthreats from agricultural activities, which could reduce species’ extinction risk by 54% inNorway, 36% in South Africa, and 29% in Brazil. Species extinction risk could be reducedby a further 21% in South Africa by abating threats from invasive species and by 21% inBrazil by abating threats from urban expansion. Even with different approaches to red-listing among countries, the STAR metric yielded informative results that identified wherethe greatest conservation gains could be made for species through threat-abatement andrestoration activities. Quantifiably linking local taxonomic coverage and data collection toglobal processes with STAR would allow national target setting to align with global targetsand enable state and nonstate actors to measure and report on their potential contributionsto species conservation. habitat restoration, national red lists, species’ extinction risk, threat reduction, threatened species, vascular plantspublishedVersio

Cartografia e diplomacia: usos geopolíticos da informação toponímica (1750-1850)

O artigo explora dimensões geopolíticas da toponímia, registradas em documentos cartográficos, desde as reformas empreendidas pelo consulado pombalino em meados do século XVIII, até às primeiras décadas do século XIX, em meio ao processo de afirmação do Estado imperial pós-colonial.This paper explores the geopolitical dimensions of toponymy as registered in cartographic documents dating from the reforms pushed through by the consulate of Marquis of Pombal in the mid 18th century to the early decades of the 19th century, as the post-colonial imperial State established itself

Neurostimulation Combined With Cognitive Intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease (NeuroAD): Study Protocol of Double-Blind, Randomized, Factorial Clinical Trial

Despite advances in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is currently no prospect of a cure, and evidence shows that multifactorial interventions can benefit patients. A promising therapeutic alternative is the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) simultaneously with cognitive intervention. The combination of these non-pharmacological techniques is apparently a safe and accessible approach. This study protocol aims to compare the efficacy of tDCS and cognitive intervention in a double-blind, randomized and factorial clinical trial. One hundred participants diagnosed with mild-stage AD will be randomized to receive both tDCS and cognitive intervention, tDCS, cognitive intervention, or placebo. The treatment will last 8 weeks, with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the improvement of global cognitive functions, evaluated by the AD Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). The secondary outcomes will include measures of functional, affective, and behavioral components, as well as a neurophysiological marker (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF). This study will enable us to assess, both in the short and long term, whether tDCS is more effective than the placebo and to examine the effects of combined therapy (tDCS and cognitive intervention) and isolated treatments (tDCS vs. cognitive intervention) on patients with AD.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02772185—May 5, 2016

Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in hospitalised patients : an open-label, randomised clinical trial

Background: The effects of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. This study investigates the effect of CP on clinical improvement in these patients. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, randomised, parallel arm, open-label, superiority clinical trial. Patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to two infusions of CP plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with clinical improvement 28 days after enrolment. Results: A total of 160 (80 in each arm) patients (66.3% critically ill, 33.7% severely ill) completed the trial. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 60.5 (48–68) years; 58.1% were male and the median (IQR) time from symptom onset to randomisation was 10 (8–12) days. Neutralising antibody titres >1:80 were present in 133 (83.1%) patients at baseline. The proportion of patients with clinical improvement on day 28 was 61.3% in the CP+SOC group and 65.0% in the SOC group (difference −3.7%, 95% CI −18.8–11.3%). The results were similar in the severe and critically ill subgroups. There was no significant difference between CP+SOC and SOC groups in pre-specified secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, days alive and free of respiratory support and duration of invasive ventilatory support. Inflammatory and other laboratory marker values on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar between groups. Conclusions: CP+SOC did not result in a higher proportion of clinical improvement on day 28 in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 compared to SOC alone